Tourism Planning And Development Of Sustainable...

Tourism Planning And Development Of Sustainable...
TOURISM MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME
Semester 3, 2015
3.317 Tourism Policy Planning and Development
Relationship between
Sustainability Development and
Sustainability Tourism Planning
Submitted by:
Lance N. Peji
Topic:
Significance of environmental issues in the formulation of a Tourism Plan.
Write on the key concepts and issues of sustainable development and show relationships between
sustainable development and sustainable tourism planning.
Introduction
In this paper, it will focus on the key concepts and issues of sustainable development and showing
the relationship between the sustainable development and sustainable tourism planning. Not only the
concepts and issues will be discuss but the short term needs and goals of sustainable development
and who are the most affected.
There are a lot of concepts and issues of sustainable development when it comes to social,
economic, and most importantly maintaining and protecting the environment. There are many
meaning things of sustainability concept to different people. Verisimilitude, the idea of sustainable
development increased from numerous environmental change in earlier decennium. But how are we
going to develop these issues in order to increase the tourism impacts and sectors for tourism
planning to face the future, and why sustainable development is important? The rural areas or small
islands are the perfect example since they have a small populations, lack of business establishments
that can cause job
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International Organisations And Development Of Tourism
This essay will discuss whether international organisations have an important role to play in the
planning and development of tourism. Using relevant examples of international organisations such
as UNWTO and UNESCO, this essay will analyse how these types of organisations contribute
towards the planning and development of tourism. By using Gran Canaria, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia
and the UK as case studies, the essay will produce a clear analogy of how international organisations
get involved to help plan, develop and preserve tourist destinations in the hope of a more sustainable
future.
Planning and development are both extremely important factors within the tourism industry and can
have both positive and negative effects on the environment, local communities and tourist
destinations. "Destination planning aims to limit the negative impacts of cultural tourism upon the
history and lifestyles of the local community. An understanding of sustainable tourist development
allows for the development of culture without loss of its authentic identity" (Maidment. T. 2012).
This statement discusses the importance of planning to avoid having any negative impacts on
environments and communities. Because the effects of tourism are so severe to destinations, many
natural and cultural resources have been destroyed, therefore tourism planning is vital to preserve
and maintain these places for future generations.
Tourism is based upon the attraction of unique destinations therefore planning

Tourism Development Of Sri Lanka
Tourism sector is one of the major contributors for the Sri Lankan Economy. Since independence,
the tourism industry has grown steadily and contributed enormously for the economic development.
Sri Lanka has earned $1.8 billion revenue from Travel & Tourism alone. Report shows that it
contributed 5.5% in Gross Domestic Products during 2013 and direct employment in tourism sector
is doubled within 4 years at the end of conflict (CBSL, 2014).
Thirty years armed conflict in the North East region of the country led to loss of life, displacement
of persons, and destruction of infrastructure. The said situation led down the economy especially
tourism was rigorously affected. The setback in tourism sector severely affected the local
community who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The end of the armed conflict does open up many doors for the tourism sector and both the
government and private sector are gearing up for the revival of tourism. The cessation of armed
conflicts tourist arrival suddenly increased in conflict affected regions. This has intended trickle
down benefits to the poor households that rely on the sector for primary or supplementary income.
The large–scale impacts of Tourism include both positive and negative impacts on environmental,
socio – cultural and economic aspects. The concept of sustainability is factored into these tourism
impacts, when the size of the impacts becomes large enough to drastically alter economic, socio–
cultural and environmental areas of a tourist destination. Especially the sensitive places like
conflict–affected regions, these impacts need to be analyzed and evaluated carefully. Apart from
obvious and visible effects on the economy and the physical environment, tourism can contribute to
social and cultural changes in host societies, including changes in value systems, traditional
lifestyles, family relationships, individual behavior or community structure.
Though there is enough literature on relationship between tourism and economic development, it
was not covered much in conflict – affected regions, especially in the point of view of the local
communities. This

The Development of Tourism Around Certain Key Wildlife...
9. The development of tourism around certain key wildlife species can be problematic. Evaluate
strategies which are used, around the world, to seek a working balance in the Nature–People
relationship?
Tourism is the world's largest industry with nature–based ecotourism seeing rapid growth since its
initial arrival in the 1980s. It is estimated by the World Tourism Organisation that nature tourism
generates 7% of all international travel expenditure (Lindberg, 1997) and this figure will have
increased rapidly over recent years. It's increase in popularity is due to a number of factors; tourists
becoming increasingly bored of the typical sun, sea and sand holiday's, the increase in global
awareness or environmental issues such as global ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Obviously, it is very hard to enforce these rules as guides and tourists want to get the closest
possible encounter due to them having to forgo large amounts of financial expenditure for the
experience and in the guides opinion the happier a visitor is the more likely they are to receive
repeat business in the future or positive word of mouth advertising. Also the increasing number of
vehicles in safari parks increases pollution and can cause a distraction for hunting animals and
disturb the prey which they are stalking as these animals have adapted their hunting tactics over
thousands of years and they now have a relatively new factor to adapt to. However, in some
instances the vehicles can be beneficial as for the cheetah who have been known to jump up on the
roofs of vehicles in order to get a better view of where there prey is. (Big Cat Week, 2010)
Construction of tourist facilities may increase the amount of jobs available to local people however
it does also mean that more land is lost for natural habitats and although it is a necessary harm
which is needed to increase economic activity there are few regulations on how much land can be
used for new buildings and the removal of vegetation can increase soil erosion (Safariholidays
2011). Africa has a very delicate eco system which is highly vulnerable to drought and famine so
although the benefits of tourism mean increasing sustainability in the long run it must be ensured
that the locals receive some of

Impact Of Tourism On Economic And Social Development Programs
Tourism is integrated in economic and social development programs and can be considered as a
method to protect the natural and social capital upon which the industry is built (McCool and
Moisey 2001 and Hunter 1997). According to Robinson (1999 cited in McCool 2002), tourism is
viewed as a tool which is sometimes might be important to a community and other times not so
important. Therefore, it is not said that protecting cultures for the value of the tourism industry, but
for the value to the people.The carrying capacity studies began during the 1930's (O'Reilly, 1986;
Saveriades, 2000), they were principally developed in the 1960's in the national parks of the United
States of America (McCool and Lime, 2001; Manning ., 2002).
Johnson and Thomas (1996) argue that present interest in tourism capacity is due to growth in
tourism combined with increasing awareness of environmental issues. The concept is particularly
important in the coastal zone which is undergoing rapid change as a result of demographic changes
and industrialization (see Kay and Alder, 1999, p. 21) in the context of global climate and sea–level
change. In its broadest sense, carrying capacity refers to the ability of a system to support an activity
or feature at a given level. In the coastal zone, these systems can vary greatly in both scale and type,
and range from small salt marshes through large beach resorts to entire continental coasts. The
activities or features that they support are also varied and

The Development Of Cultural Tourism
Nevertheless, the Association for Development of Cultural Tourism, known as Europa Nostra,
nominated the Durrës Amphitheatre to 'The 7 Most Endangered' list in 2013. The importance of such
a recommendation can help bring attention to the much needed renovation and preservation of this
site. Europa Nostra believes having the Durrës amphitheater on the World Heritage List will have a
big impact on the revitalization of the city. They also indicate, being placed on the list, would help
put Durrës back on the map of historic sites in Europe. The amphitheater is one of the most
remarkable heritage sites not only for Albania, but also for the whole of the Balkan region (Ponce de
Leon, 2013). Restoration and Rehabilitation The consequence of the amphitheater being lost for
over 500 years has resulted in chaotic urban planning. As the modern city of Durrës grew, it often
developed right on top of the arena. Ultimately, the city's organization has impacted the structural
integrity and deterioration of the auditorium, since excavation (Figure 4; Molla, 2014:32). Further
damage has taken place due to looting, which has added to the wear and tear to the building's overall
integrity (Karaiskaj, 2004:13). The amphitheater, along with the Byzantine mosaics and frescos are
in dwindling condition (Jacques, 1995:154). Part of the poor form of the arena, can be traced to an
ongoing presence of water. Even though at one point, there was a bilge water pump installed from
2005–2008, it

The Impact Of Event Tourism On The Development Of The World
Events are an important motivator in tourism that can significantly impact either negatively or
positively the development of the world. Events are unique celebrations that are arranged and
organized in a spot by distinctive open institutions or private associations and may contain various
exercises. Event tourism is a type of tourism that offers the opportunity of the event in which
multiple factors such as the people, place, and agenda of the event which connects with the
particular assets and where it is held to draw in potential guests and possible tourism projects. Event
tourism plays a role where planned events within tourism constitute a potential market
economically, demographically, and influence. Also, event tourism effects the progression of the
world by renewing urban communities to improved residency. These arranged event are a
phenomenal experience, and each is special due to the interaction and communications among
operation framework. By the uniqueness of the each event, the appeal of event tourism is stimulated
by the consumer which gives off a "you have to be there or you will miss everything" speculation.
Before event tourism became what we know today, there were few scholastic projects in event
administration before the 1990s. From that point forward the writing on event tourism has blasted,
going with a worldwide move to build up certificate and degree programs. There are a developing
number of Masters projects in event administration, also, various

The Development of Sustainability in the Tourism Industry
The Tour Operations Sector Introduction Tourists are environmental consumers and thus, the
tourism industry axiomatically requires natural environment and human quality. In the broadest
sense, environmental issues and social responsibility practices are academic and hence, are unrelated
to business interests. As a result, the study aims to measure the awareness level of tour operations
and ascertains the current practices that have enabled practical, positive, and professional pressure
for the development of sustainability in the tourism industry. Tour operators are business entities
combining two or more services of travel (sightseeing, transport, catering, accommodation, and
entertainment among others) thereafter sell them through agencies of travel or to consumers directly
as a package tour. In essence, a tour operator becomes an intermediary who brings both buyers and
sellers together with the aim of expanding the market size through the creation of markets where
they did not exist, and or ensure the existing markets work efficiently (Cooper et al. 1998, p.189).
This study aims at recognizing the plan of their programs, which has enabled the tour operators to
remain profitable despite the existing competition in the sector. Undifferentiated products and small
margins particularly the mass marketers characterize the British tour operators. Furthermore,
operators like Thomson, Airtours, and First Choice dominate the market although the trend is
moving towards oligopoly.

Tourism Development In Uzbekistan
Tourism development in Uzbekistan
Tourism sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the world tourist process become an indispensable
component.As experts point of view, in recent years without the state investment and subside in the
tourism sector of the country, products and services are becoming increasingly popular in the
economy.Uzbekistan is for the development of the modern tourism industry have necessary
resources. And located on the Great Silk Road.Our homeland is a cradle cultural, historical and
cultural heritage, and at the same time has an excellent potential for the development of domestic
and international tourism. In recent years, tourism infrastructure has become one of the most popular
in our country many things are being done to adapt.
Development of tourism development plans and programs, ensuring their implementation.
Legislation in the field of tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan supreme assembly.By the Law of
the Republic of Uzbekistan "On tourism" of August 20, 1999, the system of tourism management
and planning has been established and operates in our country. "Uzbektourism," the central
executive body for tourism is a national company. The staff of the National Company
"Uzbektourism " approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The State
Register of Tourist Activity is the result of this activity calculates the occupant.Demand for tourist
services and forecasting, demand and keeping a balance between supply and demand at

The Economic Impact Of Tourism Development In Developing...
From the day due to people would have a high demand go out of their house and take a trip, the
government has realized that tourism is one of the most important industry to develop their
economies. Not only in developed countries in the world but also many developing countries have
realized this. The rural communities of some developing countries have many problem and high
unemployment. With this development of tourism, people in the rural can have more job options and
boost their local economies. To develop the economy in rural communities and solve the difficulties,
they have adopted tourism as a new economic development strategy (Latkova, 2008). However, in
some rural communities, the planners would not balance between the benefits and the drawbacks of
tourism development. Therefore, many negative impacts of tourism like a large number of tourists,
environmental pollution, and ruined legacy outweigh socio–cultural, economic and also
environmental advantages. As a result, it is crucial to understand the opinions of residents regarding
future developing before starting any tourism development program (Latkova, 2008).
Some previous studies about tourism development have demonstrated that it depends much on the
goodwill, participation, and support of residents (Yoon, Gursoy, & Chen, 2001). Following the
findings of Yoon, Gursoy, and Chen, they suggested that tourism should be developed base on the
needs and desires of residents. The fundamental for the success and developing

Tourism Planning And Tourism Policies
Tourism planning and Tourism Policies
AS per Liu, A, (2004), Tourism planning is very important for the resident people and visitors. It is
find the better way to matching local skill with governance. Tourism is an industry with provide and
promote development an opportunities to create job for local people and the economics will increase
in the country. Local people will have an experience how to communicate with different visitors in
his/ her region. Tourism planning is not same; it is change from place to other, because is depend to
the culture, technology, economics of the country and so on. Government should make sure to
educate the resident people, because there are don't have enough of knowledge of tourism and
associated skills. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The statues of tourism careers be evaluated in the human resources planning process for tourism
sectors .There are some challenges and opportunities in developing countries are following;
Some countries believe women can 't work in hospitality industry until night especially, if she has
children. Some countries focuses on quality jobs, but others focuses on quantity careers . Labor
transfer and skills requirement. Culture worries about other handicap for entering tourism
employment. Reduce unemployment by opportunity jobs. The main challenges are an employment
opportunities and challenges presented by tourism related policies. A conceptual frame–work to
guide the examination of a variety of research issues is proposed based on three main components
are; Wide tourism policy issues that directly affect the planning of tourism human capital, The
associated common tourism employment concerns related to a developing economy and the extent
to which local people are aware of and respond to the various framework. The main components
requiring further research attention focus upon the interrelationships among the following areas:
Factors that touch tourism policy and development strategies and the approaches to human resource
development and handicap that not allow local people from participating in tourism related
economic activities.
In this case it is appropriate to concentrate on: The important of economic transition

Advances And Development Of Tourism : A Literature Of Review
Advances of Technology in Tourism: A Literature of Review
Introduction
Technologies have influenced the growth and development of tourism industry in many ways. The
issue that will be covered in this literature review is the advances of technology in tourism. The
purpose of this literature review will explore the major opportunities for tourism service providers.
The literature gathered from a variety of resources in particular areas of Internet and social media,
innovation of technology in multimedia and hotel design, and transport technology.
Role of Technology in Tourism
Nowadays, the use of technology has grown rapidly in the world. Technology has come and has
improved the mode of transportation and information in recent decades, whereas the opportunities
for tourism were seemed very limited far before the 20th century (Murthy,2008). United Nations of
World Tourism Organisation (2015) noted that the tourism industry has experienced a continuous
and rapid growth during the last six decades, and become the fastest growing economic sector and
leading industry in the world. Statista (2013) also found that tourism and travel industry have
directly impacted on the global economy, and have contributed 2.2 trillion U.S dollars in 2013 from
accommodation, entertainment, attraction and transportation. From this perspective, it can be agreed
that high technology has played significant roles in the development of tourism industry. UNWTO
Affiliate member (2011) suggested

Disadvantages Of Tourism Planning And Development
A STUDY ON STARTEGIES FOR SUSTAINING COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE IN TOURISM
SECTOR
( An empirical evaluation of stakeholder perceptions)
Author
V. Narendra Kumar
Hyderabad–500016 Telangana
India
Email : nvalaboju@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
This study is the outcome of an empirical evaluation conducted of 500 selected respondents by
stratified convenient sampling method, during Jan to March`15 at Hyderabad. The objective was to
find out the practical strategies for sustaining competitive advantage by the tourism sector, as
perceived by the sampled stake holders which included Govt, Pvt Sector, Field experts, Faculty and
consultants engaged in Tourism sector. Secondary data was ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
7. CONCLUSION:
This study brings out that sustainability has to be understood as the log–term viability of the tourism
projects without any conflict with nature or local people while meeting the tourism sector goals. The
competitive advantage clearly indicates the internal strength which others cannot emulate. It is the
core strength or USP (unique selling proposition) of the tourism sector development in Telangana
State.
The study also established that the sustainable competitive advantage can be built with several
factors like – technology, accessibility, accommodation, food quality , water , ease of travel, Govt
policy , local peoples` involvement, Branding, Marketing by collaborations, PPP models, &
International MOUs .
Strategy for developing sustainable models of competitive advantage primarily centered on
Regulatory framework, PPP, International collaborations & people participation as per the
stakeholders` perception in this study.
8.
8. RECOMMENDATION:
Based on data analysis, it is recommended that;
a. Telangana Tourism sector needs to adopt modern marketing methods using social media and other

Socio-Economic Factors That Affect The Development Of Tourism
1.4 Factors of tourism development Important factors that affect the development of tourism are as
follows:
1. Environmental factors: Good climate, Beautiful scenery, etc.
2. Socio–economic factors:Accessibility,Accommodation,Amenities,Ancillary services,etc.
3. Historical and cultural factors
4. Religious factors
5. Other factors.
Now let's discuss above factors affecting the growth of tourism.
1. Environmental factors
Two main environmental factors that have led to the growth of tourism:
Good climate: Good climate is one of the most important features of attraction for any tourist place.
Pleasant climate with warmth and ample of sunshine attracts tourists who come from the temperate
and colder regions. For ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All tourist centers must be easily accessible by various modes of transportation like roads, railways,
air and water. To enjoy natures beautiful sites seeing traveling by roads and railways are a better
option. If a tourist plans to reach a remote tour–destination in the quickest possible time, then airway
is the most suitable choice. Generally, waterways are seldom selected unless a tourist decides to
enjoy a luxury cruise experience in sea and/or interested to visit an isolated archipelago.
Accommodation : Places of tourists' interest must be capable enough to provide good
accommodation and catering facilities. A type of accommodation required by tourists depends on
their lives–styles, standard of living, capacity to spend money, nature of services expected, etc.
Classification of accommodation centers, i.e. various hotels, motels, dormitories, etc. on basic of
rating like five stars and below are essential so that tourists can make a proper choice and plan their
trips appropriately. Generally, tourism mostly prospers in those areas where good lodging and food
facilities are available at reasonable

Impacts of Tourism Development
Sustainable tourism is an industry that attempts to make a low impact on the environment and local
culture while helping to generate income, employment, and the conservation of local ecosystems. It
is responsible tourism that is both ecologically and culturally sensitive. Meaning, sustainable
tourism activities have minimal impact on the environment and culture of the host community. It
aims to meet the needs of the present tourists and host communities whilst protecting and enhancing
needs in the future. According to the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), sustainability
principles refer to the environmental, economic, and socio–cultural aspects of tourism development,
and a suitable balance must be established between these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are also a number of downsides to the area because of economic impacts that the travel and
tourism industry bring that mostly affects the locals of the area. First is the increase in living costs.
As more and more tourists come to the area, tourism related facilities increase the prices of their
goods knowing that most tourists can afford their prices. A good example of this negative impact is
taxi drivers charging tourists more than the usual. Second is leakage. Leakage is defined as the
amount of money for supplies and services paid for outside an area or in simple terms, money that
does not benefit the economy of the area. The economic benefits of the area can be lost if the goods
and services are imported rather than for the local goods and services to be used. Leakage can be
avoided by sourcing local materials, using local products, allowing local people to sell in resorts and
hotels and employing more local people. Third impact is the decline of traditional employment. As
the tourism industry grows there is a bigger demand for people to be employed in it. More and more
people are attracted to this industry for it provides a more attractive option rather than the harder,
lower paid traditional jobs. This then results to the traditional industries suffering for the younger
generation no longer want to learn the skills of the old jobs like weaving and thatchery resulting that

The Importance Of Human Rights In Tourism Development
Human rights are important to each individual. These are the rights that protect individuals from
being violated. This include discrimination, slavery and displacement. Cole and Erikson (2010) has
set out here obligations on what define as human rights. The first one is to respect the freedom and
dignity of an individual. Everybody in the universe should have the right to do whatever they want.
They should not be controlled or tortured. Secondly, is to protect them against third parties. Third
parties in here means drug dealers or gangsters that make use of people for their own illegal
business purposes. Human trafficking, for example is a serious violation of human rights. It is now
rather common in sex tourism, where mostly children and women from developing countries are
being forced to do sex work (Walters and Davis, 2011). This has now brought to attention to the
public as a violation of human rights. It is arguable that these children and women that are suffering
deserve a much better life rather than participating in sex work.
The UDHR, which is established in 1948, is to ensure that individual's rights are protected no matter
of their race, sex, religion, gender, ethnicity and culture (Nkyi and Hashimoto, 2015). Throughout
chapter twelve of the textbook, Nkyi and Hashimoto (2015) highlight some of the human right
issues in tourism development. Some of the common human right issues including the unfair
treatment of people, employment violations. This will be all

Marketing Development Of Tourism And Recreation Services
Throughout the semester we have been learning the role of marketing in tourism and recreation
services. In general, marketing is found in every aspect of business, regardless of the industry. While
deciding what company we would showcase for our project, it became apparent that the Niagara
Falls Conference and Event Center would be an ideal pick. The Conference and Event Center host a
variety of different events, all which must be marketed in a successful way. After speaking with
several employees at the Conference Center, we were directed to Susan Swiatkowski, the director of
marketing. Soon after emailing her we set up an interview to discuss the specific marketing practices
that she performs and what her job entails. We sat down with a simple sixteen question interview,
and left with so much more knowledge of marketing than we knew possible. Each year the
conference and event center edits their marketing plan to become a better version of the last. The
process in total takes between six to eight weeks, and the end result is a hard copy of the marketing
plan for the upcoming year. The overall marketing plan and strategies vary depending on the event
being held, but the basics are applied no matter what. It is crucial to know the audience that you are
marketing to, as well as the demographics of the attendees. Generally the conference and event
center will market to the business traveler, making conferences held within the facility as appealing
as possible. However, the

Cultural Impacts Of Tourism Development
SOCILAAND CULTURAL IMPACTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
The discourse concerning the impacts of tourism in national development, economic and otherwise,
has had both negative and positive connotations. Societies hosting tourist attractions are frequently
seen as the victims of the negative effects of tourism while the tourists seen as the perpetrators of the
crime; bringing their culture and values and imposing them on the host societies. While these
generally accepted stereotypical thoughts may be true in some instances, it is however misleading to
hold these notions regarding the changes in the social and cultural aspects of a society. Whereas
socio–cultural changes may in part be due to tourism, it can also be due to other modernization and
global factors such as international trade relations, military actions, migration etc (Sharpley R. and
Telfer D., 2002).
Concerning tourism development, the socio–cultural changes which occur in the community are
more often than not seen as negative, with the positive contributions been underplayed or totally
ignored. Though it is difficult to measure the influence of tourism on socio–cultural changes, the
extent of the impact can be determined by the change in value and logic system, religious beliefs,
tradition, lifestyle, behavioural patterns, etc (Inskeep, 1991). The relationship between tourism
development and social and cultural characteristics of a society is non–linear; as well as negative
effects, tourism development can also have

Tourism's Effects On The Positive Effects Of Tourism...
The second effect is sociocultural. According to Dogan (1989), tourism development has a great
effect on the socio–cultural characteristics of residents like habits, daily routines, social lives and
beliefs, and values. They may lead to psychological tension. Firstly, there are many positives from
tourism development. Brunt and Courtney (1999) mentioned that tourism can result in improved
community services, additional park, recreation and cultural facilities and encouragement of cultural
activities. Tourism also encourages cultural activities and improve cultural heritage (Gilbert & Clark
1997). However, this may lead to some negative like traditional family values ( Kousis, 1989);
cultural commercialization ( Cohen, 1988); crime (Brunt & ... Show more content on
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As mentions in tourism impacts, the main variable may affect residents' perceptions and attitudes are
socio–economic and demographic characteristics like gender, age, income, job, and education.
According to Miyakuni (2012), some other variables connected to certain characteristics or
circumstances of residents are a personal economic dependency, community attachment, utilization
of tourism resources, physical distance from tourism destination, and the community's stage of
tourism development. For instance, in 2000, Mason and Cheyne found women to be more opposed
to tourism development than men because of increased traffic, noise and crime. However, following
Harrill (2004), women might be more opposed to tourism due to traditional wage and occupation
difference. They explained that feminism is more community–oriented, and emphasizes on
sensitivity and concern for others. Other studies found that the older is more likely to agree with the
positive impacts of tourism (McGehee & Andereck 2004; Ward & Berno 2011). In the opposite
point, Cavus and Tanrisevdi (2003) found that older Turkish residents hold more negative
perceptions of tourism industry than young people.
Income is one of the most important factors affecting on residents' perceptions and attitudes toward
tourism. It is viewed as positive in many studies. For example, one study found that respondents
earning yearly

The Relevance of Tourism on the Economic Development of...
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Vol. x(x), pp. xxx–xxx, xxxxxxx 2011
Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JGRP
DOIXXXXXXXXXXX
ISSN 2070–1845 ©2011 Academic Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The relevance of tourism on the economic development of Cross River State, Nigeria
Ajake, Anim O. and Amalu, Titus E.*
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 December, 2011
This study investigated the relevance of tourism on the economic growth of Cross River State,
Nigeria. Special focus was on the difference in visitations over the years under investigation to the
various tourists attractions within the state. Information for the study was basically ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
More positively, Asia Pacific (–5%) recorded growth in August, the Middle East (–8%) had positive
numbers between June and September, while Africa had a 4% increase over the eight months
(UNWTO, 2010).
Tourism and hospitality are industries that heavily depend on human contact, with the sheer volume
of traffic and increasing spending power which has resulted to a rapid economic boom and also
boosted the business travel market (Joffres et. al (2004),. Tourism appears to many developing
countries a promising source of economic development (Smith et. al, (2003). Adventure tourism,
given its emphasis on pure and pristine natural environments, lower barriers to entry for small
business, and frequently reduced requirements for new construction in particular, is promising for
countries with lower levels of capital investment and existing infrastructure. In some places, it is
already worth more, in terms of export revenues and share of GDP, than traditional commodity–
based or manufacturing exports, and seems to offer opportunities for employment, earning foreign
exchange and encouraging investment and economic growth. Many developing countries, therefore,
are prioritizing attracting foreign direct investment ("FDI") in their tourism sectors. However, this
form of FDI is complex, and its dynamics and impacts are not well understood.
Traditionally, tourism was placed below manufacturing or agriculture in terms of economic

A Plan for Tourism Development in Korça County
A Plan for Tourism Development in Korça County Regardless the rich potential and numerous
attractions, Korça County is not yet in the position to develop a sustainable tourism industry unless
it focuses on offering something unique that will distinguish it from other national and international
destinations. To realize this we need first to identify any possible obstacle and later give solutions to
improve the current situation. One important piece of literature is the recently developed Action
Plan for Tourism in Korça County (2008), by the municipality of Korça. It presents the actual
picture of the tourism potential in Korça. It also identifies the main partners in assisting the tourism
development. This plan is the basis of my future ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We still lack basic things such an official website for the Korça County tourism to directly deliver
comprehensive travel information. International tourists are increasingly using the travel websites
making so the travel products globally accessible in a lower cost. There is a scarcity in the guide
books and a poor representation of the county in the international tourism fairs;
Developing a safe and adequate service and physical infrastructure. By service infrastructure is
meant 24/7 running water in the whole county. Compared with the rest of the country, Korça is the
only privileged city in Albania with all day running water and we already have a significant
advantage over the rest. Yet, I cannot state the same thing for the other cities and villages in the
county. Another important aspect of the service infrastructure is internet and telecommunication. We
live in the era of internet and technology; therefore we should be prepared to provide the tourist with
the facilities they use in their everyday life. Although they might be away from home we should
make them feel connected with it in the best way possible. Finally, it is public transportation which
is an important feature in the tourism industry. All the main cities of the county have decent public
transportation, while the suburban areas often provide only informal

The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry and the...
The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry and the Factors Affecting it Today
Contents
The development of the travel and tourism industry Page 3–4
Factors that have led to the growth in travel and tourism Page 4–6
Future developments in travel and tourism Page 6–7
Factors affecting the travel and tourism industry today Page 8–9
Bibliography Page 10
The Development of the Travel and Tourism Industry
Throughout history, people have travelled across Britain for purposes of trade, education, religion
and to fight in battles. It was not until the eighteenth century, however, that the foundations of what
we now regard as the British tourist industry began to be laid. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The rise of seaside resorts
In 1752 Dr Richard Russell published Concerning the Use of Sea Water which led to an increase in
seaside resorts as doctors began to realise that the healing and relaxing minerals that were present in
spa waters were also to be found in the sea. Resorts such as Southend, Brighton and Blackpool
began to increase in popularity. Accommodation, catering and entertainment facilities were
developed in the resorts, some of which benefited from the introduction of steamboat services in the
early nineteenth century, a factor that led to the contribution of many of the piers still seen at seaside
resorts today.
The introduction of holiday camps
The first purpose–built holiday camp was opened by Billy Butlin in 1936 at Skegness. Holiday
camps worked on the simple principle that if the children were happy on holiday then the parents
would be happy as well. Holiday camps provided entertainment and activities for both parents and

children at a low, all–inclusive rate with the added bonus of a child–minding service to allow the
parents to enjoy themselves. Butlin's and Warners became market leaders in this type of holiday
which still survives to this day.
Increasing car ownership
The increase of car ownership after the Second World War provided individuals with greater
freedom and flexibility in the use of their leisure time. People travelled

Critically Analyse and Evaluate the Relationship Between...
Critically analyse and evaluate the relationship between tourism and development & illustrate your
arguments with practical examples from a variety of destination areas.
In order to be able to understand the relationship that exists between tourism and development, it is
important primarily to understand what is meant by the term 'development'. One important point is
that if development is linked to economic progress, then the majority of third world countries are
currently not in a developmental stage at all. Sharpley et al (2002:25) state therefore that
development should be classified as "the reduction of widespread poverty and unemployment".
However, this solely relates to third world countries, as poverty, whilst existing to some ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The core issue of modernisation is that all societies follow an evolutionary path to development,
and, according to their stage of development, societies can be located at different positions on a path
from traditional to modern (Sharpley, 2002:247). Economic growth can result in a variety of
methods of development, such as the balanced 'big push' approach (Harrison, 1995), which results in
the destination being built up at a steady rate. This rational and logical method of development,
though, is not being used in Goa, India, where western based organisations are continuously
developing the region, with little idea of the impact on rural life. Tourism is Goa's primary industry,
handling 12% of all foreign tourist arrivals in India (WTO, 2004). Wilson (1997:53) reinforces the
reality of how successful tourism has become in Goa by stating that "available accommodation in
Goa has doubled over the last couple of years". Conversely, whilst clearly providing the region with
a sustainable industry, the reality is that 80% of hotel chains operating in Goa are run by western
owned companies (Mintel, 2008). As a result, the majority of the money that is being generated
through tourism is ending up back in the western world, rather than being used to help support local
communities. In other words, within the single,

The Attitudes Of Port Royal
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The purpose of the study is to examine the attitudes of Port Royal's residents towards the
development of Port Royal and why they are reluctant to developing the area. According to Jamaica
National Heritage Trust, Port Royal is a village located at the end of the Palisadoes at the mouth of
the Kingston Habour, in southwestern Jamaica. It was founded in 1518 by the Spanish; it was once
the largest city in the Caribbean, functioning as the center of shipping and commerce in the
Caribbean Sea by the latter half of the 17th century. Based on the strategies and implementation
referred, the plan that has been designed and laid out can create positive impacts on the individual
involved in the construction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Given that a number of developing countries now depend heavily on revenues from tourism it is
surprising that they have given relatively little attention to the implication of current global
economic trends and transformation on the pattern f tourism flow, especially given the extent to
which they have already been affected by some of the dramatic changes in the global economic over
the last two decades. The impacts and changes of scientific and technological advancement,
demographic trends, the rise of new centre of global manufacturing, surging demand for resources,
rapid shifts in the pattern of environmental impacts, changes in the nature of risk, political and
economic influence, competition and conflict and geopolitical balance of power, and the potential
global threats such as climate change, has on developing nations that highly depend on the tourism
sector. "Tourism in a transforming world economy: How can small nations prepare for the changes
that lie ahead?" McNeil (2014) this shows that tourism plays a significant role in the economy
within a country, especially countries that depend highly on it. Heritage and cultural sites can create
an opportunity for Jamaica because of its historical backgrounds. Statistics have shown that in UK
visits increase by 29% making it 8,874 visits, 48% holiday's visits and 91,245 stay over that visited
castles, historical houses, art galleries and museum (Inbound tourism forecast, 2017).

India 's Development Of Tourism
Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure , business or other purposes
(Holloway and Taylor 2006;6).
Development of Tourism in India
Early Development
The efforts to promote tourism in India were made in 1945 , a committee was setup under the
Chairmanship of Sir John Sargent. The development of tourism was taken up in a planned manner in
1956 , but it was only after the 1980's that tourism activity picked momentum. A National Policy on
Tourism started in 1982, a plan was made to achieve sustainable growth in tourism , a National
Action Plan was prepared for promotion of tourism.
Present Situation and Attributes of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The visitor–friendly traditions , a varied lifestyles and cultural heritage and colorful festivals held
abiding attractions for the tourists. The other attractions include beautiful beaches, forests and
wildlife and landscapes for eco–tourism , snow, river and mountain peaks for adventure tourism ,
centres of pilgrimage for spiritual tourism , trains and hotels for heritage tourism. Natural health
resorts and fill stations also attract tourists.
Strategy to Enhance Tourism: Some of the recent steps taken by the Government to boost tourism
include grant of export house status to the tourism sector and incentives for promoting private
investment in the form of Income Tax exemptions, and reduced import duty , the approval of
investment up to 51% of foreign equity and allowing 100% non–resident Indian investment and
approval to travel agents , tour operators .
The first ever Indian Tourism Day was celebrated on January 25,1998 . The campaign 'Visit India
Year 2009' was launched at the International Tourism Exchange in Berlin , aimed to project India as
an attractive destination for tourists.
Future Prospects: According to the latest Tourism Satellite Accounting (TSA) ,released by the World
Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) and its strategic partner Oxford Economics in March 2009:
The demand for travel and tourism in India is expected to grow by 8.2% between 2010–2019 and
will place India at the third position in the World. India's

Sri Lanka 's Tourism Development
With world tourism continuously increasing and probably being a riding aspect in progress, tourism
used to be once an appealing cluster to raise in Sri Lanka. However, Sri Lanka's tourism enterprise
has been a sufferer of the ethnic clash that has beleaguered Sri Lanka because the early Nineties. As
a final result, compared to one in every of a form Asian markets, progress premiums of arrivals have
established enormous fluctuation. To capitalize on establishing traits within the international
industry nonetheless Sri Lanka wanted to reorganize and restructure its tourism sector to no longer
high–quality develop the annual wide variety of viewers or revenue bucks nonetheless to increase its
competitiveness with exact areas.
Sri Lanka's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There precedence was once volumes in order that they promoted most potent the seashores with a
point out of the cultural internet web sites. A enormous part of the clients who received right here to
Sri Lanka used to be sunlight and sand traveler on bundle tours.
One in all ambitions used to be once to consultant the enterprise faraway from sun and sand
traveller. These traveller, humans watching for a with out a difficulty shuttle in a immoderate–
exceptional neighborhood weather are most commonly fee antagonistic and prevent areas visible as
having the capabilities for conflict, as has been the case with Sri Lanka. Instead TCI sought to
promote the nation to a area of interest market as seen in special global locations which have grown
their tourism organization regardless of ongoing interior unrest. The on–going clash between the
government and militant college generally as a rule called the Tamil Tigers used to be as an
alternative rather a lot dependable nonetheless pleasant geopolitical reasons had been dragging the
organization down. Horrible infrastructure and dependence on low fee seaside tourism had been
additionally a part.
Industry evaluation to investigate the Sri Lankan tourism industry, JAA chosen a large variety of
competitive tools to border the mission. This integrated the Porter Diamond, SWOT, hole analysis
and a fee Chain analysis. Wide studies and interviews inside the tourism

The development of the Okavang Delta tourism site is one...
The development of the Okavang Delta tourism site is one of the examples of development that took
place. The development of the Okavango did not only benefit the needs of tourists. Developing a
tourism site required other type of development to happen before tourism game may take place. The
government developed the countries gravel roads transforming them to tie roads. Walk ways along
and to tourism sites were developed. The development of hotels was one of the things that other
people saw an opportunity of boosting their income with. Mbaiwa (2003) argue that for developing
countries or regions tourism is seen as the fast train towards better development. Along these lines it
may also be argued that during such development, a vast ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the other hand it may also be argued that there was something good in the provision of hunting
licenses. These licences controlled the number of animals killed and the type. They did not only
protect the environment they also protected the country from illegal poaching. The rate of illegal
poaching had increased as the country had animals that poachers were interested the most on. Thus
there were animals that were prohibited from being killed. Thus it may be argued that the license
provision programme was good for the country.
Along these lines it may also be argued that the provision of such licenses was not good. These
licenses had an impact in the way of living for the native people. The native people depended on
nature for survival. Thus they were now limited from hunting. The licenses limited them from
gaining control over the type of animals they want to kill. However the licence also prohibited them
from killing particular types of animals in the quantity they needed. Thus this meant they were given
the list of animals they were allowed to kill. Thus other vital animals to their survival were never
available for consumption. Thus it may be argued that such development may have been good and
bad. However gaining independence opened doors for better development for all kind of things. The
government saw an opportunity to utilise the countries riches

Sustainable Development Conceptual Framework in Tourism...
Conference of the International Journal of Arts and Sciences 2(1): 1–11 (2009) CD–ROM. ISSN:
1943–6114 © InternationalJournal.org
Sustainable Development Conceptual Framework in Tourism Industry Context in Taiwan: Resource
Based View
Chih–Wen Wu , National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to develop and test a conceptual framework for
sustainable development in tourism industry context to address the integration of social, economic,
and ecological elements of sustainable development and the contextual nature of sustainable
development. Resource–based view theory was used to model the driving force, state and response
indicators of sustainability development for tourism industry. Data was collected ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concept grew out of dissatisfaction with entrenched policies of continuous economic growth
and unequal distribution of benefits and costs ( Bramwell and Lane, 1993; Hardy, Beeton, and
Pearson,2002). Similarly, sustainable development for tourism industry is found to be difficult to
define( Swarbrooke,1999), The term could be defined as a form of tourism sustained over a period
time(Butler,1999). Accordingly, tourism industry that meets the needs of today's tourists without
taking away from the future generations the resource necessary to fulfill their own needs. Thus, the
controversy exists over a definition for sustainable tourism development.
The most widely quoted definition of sustainable development is the one provided by the
Brundtland Report, the report says that "sustainable development is development that meets the
needs of present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs," (
World Commission on Environment and Development,1987,p.43). According to Wall(1997) and
Hunter(1995), two important ingredients are included in this statement: human needs and
environmental limitations. For the World Commission, the major objective of development is to
satisfy human needs and aspirations for a better quality of life for all people. In other words,
sustainable development means long term economic sustainability within a framework of long term
ecological sustainability plus

Ecotourism, Tourism, and Development in Mexico Essay
Ecotourism, Tourism, and Development in Mexico
"The issue of growth in the travel industry – how much, how fast, what kind – is crucial to the future
of communities, local lifestyles and cultures, and the natural environment. There are a variety of
instabilities and inequities associated with the expansion of tourism. If the social costs of infinite
growth (human consequences of ecological pollution, centralized concentration of power,
inequitable income distribution) are as high as they appear to be, our current social systems cannot
support such growth indefinitely. Tourism remains a passive luxury for thousands of travelers. This
must change" (Rethinking Tourism and Ecotravel by Deborah McLaren, 1998, p. 6).
In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While these activities are most intimately tied to the environment, it is important to recognize that
any tourist activity necessarily impacts the environment, and any development that supports tourism
and travel has environmental consequences. We found that the ocean, reef, fish, beach, mangroves,
jungle, ancient and contemporary Mayan culture, and drinking water are all being drastically
effected. We will examine the problems and what can be done to increase environmentally ethical
(eco)tourism, which could be considered tourism that focuses on experiencing and learning about
the nonhuman and human aspects of a place while critically examining the effects of one's
individual actions and the combined effects of one's role as part of a group.
Our study area stretched from Cancun (the northeast tip of the Yucatan Peninsula) southward along
the Carribean coast as far south as Akumal (although development has went far beyond there.
Cancun is a city of 455,000 or more people and is the second largest (behind Merida) on the
Peninsula. Most of the development and jobs in Cancun (and the rest of the coast) is in direct
support of tourism, from the airport to the restaurants, from the hotels to the street vendors. The
town of Puerto Morelos, where we spent most of our time, is twenty minutes south of Cancun and
has turned into a quiet

History And Development Of Tourism
1.1 History and development of tourism
The activity of tourism begins with the rich people, with images of long visits to spas and coastal
resorts or religious tourism, then Thomas Cook designed the Grand Tours before it becomes social
and global phenomenon.
It should be noted that in most countries, transforming tourism into an economic activity on a
national scale has occurred in the second half of the century. Furthermore, the consolidation of
tourism has led to appearance of the provision of the services, process known collectively as the
tourism industry.
Looked in correlation with the national economy, tourism acts as an inspiring component of the
global economic system because it involves an increase in production of goods and services, also
development of material and technical base and stimulating the construction and equipping the
accommodation and food establishments, upgrading the road network, development of transport,
leisure facilities.
Viewed as a social and economic phenomenon creator of benefits, tourism has been defined
alternatives of the most diverse: ,,art of traveling for his own pleasure" ( M. Peyromaure Debord ); ,,
Leisure activity which consisted of voyage or live far from their place of residence for
entertainment, recreation , culture and enriching experience thanks to new knowledge and human
aspects unknown landscapes" (Jan Medecin); ,, Phenomenon of our times , based on increased the
need to restore the health and environment change , growing

The Development Of Tourism Development
The idea of tourism has started to emerge after the Second World War. Countries around the world
started to rely on tourism as a form of foreign income. Countries particularly in developing countries
that are heavily relying on tourism are generating greater benefits. According to Afrodita (2012), she
points out that the industrialised countries, which known as the developed countries and the
developing countries have become an important part of tourism development strategy. Nowadays,
tourism does help stimulate the economy by creating job opportunities and to strengthen the
community. As argued by Richard Sharpley (2015) in chapter one of the textbook, tourism plays a
big contribution to the country's GDP and employment, which provides ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The development process will often achieve goals that will benefit the society. However, these goals
are mostly related to the economy. Despite of the emergence of mass tourism during the 1960s
(Telfer, 2015), the definition of development has changed overtime. Telfer and Sharpley (2015)
describes the development theory as a change from a traditional economic based model to a more
broad approach which satisfies human needs, sustainability and development. Several paradigms
have been defined by Telfer (2015) on how development theories have changed overtime. This
include modernisation, dependency, economic neoliberalism and alternative development. The
following paragraphs are going summarize some of the development theories that could influence
changes in tourism development.
Modernisation theory emerges in the 1950s–1960s, where society acts as a whole and follow the
path of development through centuries. Sharpley (2000) argues that there is a potential growth for
development among these societies, especially in tourism. Modernisation can result in economic
growth and diffusion through the multiplier effect and to reduce economic linkages (Sharpley,
2003). Diffusion can also act as a form of a growth pole, which refers to the attractions and activities
that are concentrated in the center of the poles (Christofakis and Papadaskalopoulos, 2011). This can
also be a form of

The Development of Thailand Tourism Industry
HANOI UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION STUDIES DEPARTMENT –––––––––––––––
oOo–––––––––––––– THE DEVELOPMENT OF THAILAND TOURISM INDUSTRY (1487
words) Teacher: Nguyen Tien Dung Student: Trinh Lan Huong Class: 1D–11 Course: EAP Writing
Date: May 8, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract.......................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction
................................................................................1 2. Discussion of findings
.....................................................................1 2.1. The developmental process of tourism industry in
Thailand ..........1 2.2. The reasons for the development of tourism in Thailand .................2 3.
Conclusion.................................................................................... 5
References....................................................................................... 6 ABSTRACT Thailand tourism
industry is one of the most develop ones not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among them, the two most famous ones are Hin Daeng (Red Rock) and Hin Mouang (Purple Rock)
in the southwest. (Cummings 2012, p. 142). In addition, Thailand's beaches are very beautiful too.
According to Nam Suzanne, top five beach destinations of this country belong to Patong Beach
(Phuket), Railey Beach (Krabi), Maya Bay (Koh Phi Phi Ley), Hua Hin Beach (Hua Hin) and Kata
Beach (Phuket). Besides that, Thailand also has many other striking spots such as tropical islands,
hill tribes, museums, Buddisht temples, etc. and several World Heritage sites (Ban Chiang
Archaeological Site, Historic City of Ayutthaya, Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex,
Phuphrabat Historical Park, Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex (KKFC), ...) (World Heritage List
2012). Many courses were made up for tourists in Thailand so that they can learn some native skills
like Thai cooking, Buddhism and traditional Thai massage. This is a very interesting activity,
especially for foreign visitors. Another motive for tourists to visit this country is the variety of
national festivals here. Some famous ones are the "fun–for–all water splashing" Songkran, the
"almost fairytale like quality" of Loy Krathong or local festivals such as the "Elephant Round–up"
in Surin, the "Rocket Festival" in Yasothon and the curious "Phi Ta Khon" festival in Dan Sai.
(Cummings 2012, p. 468). Thai cuisine also is a very famous thing worldwide because of its use of
fresh herbs and spices.

Sustainable Tourism In Ugand Principles Of Sustainable...
1. Introduction
Sustainable tourism is a very important element today because it not only meets the needs of the
present but also protecting and increasing opportunities of destinations for the future. Uganda (M.
Semakula M. Kiwanuka, 2017) is a country located in east–central Africa, which has diverse
ecosystems such as rainforest jungles, high volcanic mountains on the border or the Albert Nile
River swamps. However, for many years Uganda has stagnated progress and development due to
political problems, environmental degradation and the spread of AIDS epidemic. By the beginning
of the 21st century, Uganda has taken new steps in political stability and gradually resolved its
remaining problems and became Africa's fastest growing economy. This paper is going to discuss
about the key issues and challenges in managing Uganda in term of two principles of sustainable
development (responsibility and responsible citizenship) in context to sustainable host communities
and collaborative partnerships.
2. The key issues and challenges in managing
According to Michael Campbell (Director of University of Manitoba) (Youtube, 2013), the key
issues in Uganda are deforestation and disappearance of some wildlife. Deforestation is an alarming
situation in Uganda. Mr. Michael Campbell mentioned that he was a witness for change in Uganda.
During his first trip to Uganda he still saw rainforest from Mubende to Fort Portal, but recent trips
he saw many forests have been lost and replaced with

The Development Of Tourism And Hospitality Industry
According to Wold Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the development of tourism and
hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and
found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent 'deficit' in tourism and
hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest
challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human
resource department and in the hospitality industry. Therefore, talented human resource management
is important to hospitality industry. However, the quantity of jobs is unquestionable the quality of
many of these jobs is of great concern to academics and policymakers alike (Nickson, D., 2013).
According to Steve Goss–Turner, human resource (HR) actually originated from US in 1980s, which
is a concise and accurate description of what is personnel and training or staff management. Human
resources management (HRM) also can be defined by how people are employed and managed in
organizations. It covers the activities of strategic HRM, human capital management, knowledge
management, corporate social responsibility, organization development, resourcing, learning and
development, performance and reward management, employee relations, employee well–being and
the provision of employee services. (Armstrong, M., 2009) HRM is important because it is one of
the main core to operate the business in the hospitality industry. HRM

Development Of Tourism : The California Travel And Tourism...
Development of Tourism in California
Yuling Wang
Travel and Tourism Expert
For Michael Rossi
The Chair of the Executive Committee of
The California Travel and Tourism Commission (CTTC)
April 20 2015
Executive Summary
This report investigates whether the travel and tourism industry in California is declining. The
results are based on analyzing the major trends and developments that will benefit the travel
industry, and then examines factors that could sabotage the current positive trends. The report
demonstrates that, despite the negative effect brought by economic downturn, earthquake and
environmental concerns, California travel industry is thriving and will continue to grow in the
future. Diverse attractions such as Disneyland, Universal Studio, and national parks attract many
visitors to California every year. For every $109,000 in spending by tourists, one Californian is
employed (It's a Word...It's a Plane, p.3). The increased number of tourists creates not only jobs but
also tax revenues for the state. China and Brazil are two of the largest markets for California travel
industry. The implement of Visa Waiver Program in these countries has significantly expedited visa
processing, and increased the length of visa validity as well as length of stay. In order to maintain
current trend and prevent decline, the report suggests that the state should continue to invest in
infrastructure to make traveling more convenient; collaborate with travel

Commercial Image Within Tourism Development Essay
1. INTRODUCTION
In the early 1970s, literature by Gunn (1972), Mayo (1973) or Haunt (1975), was the beginning of
study destination image in the field of tourism. Haunt (1975) states that images perceived by
individuals may affect the success of tourism development more than tangible tourism resources.
Moreover, his works which focused on the role of brand image within tourism development, has
surfaced the study of destination image as a notion of branding theory (Haunt, 1975). Since then,
destination image has become one of the most studied themes in tourism research (Etchner and
Ritchie, 2003; Pike, 2005; Tapachai and Waryszak, 2000), including both leisure and business
tourism (Leisen, 2001).
The image plays a pivotal role as it affects consumer choice as well it is perceived to be a key
element in the success of an organization. Due to demographic, socioeconomic and technological
tendencies, and competitiveness in the tourism industry, tourist destinations achieve a competitive
advantage mainly based on their perceived image relative to their competitors in target markets
(Baloglu and Mangaloglu, 2001). Therefore, it is very important to create a positive image (Baloglu
and McCleary, 1999; Gartner, 1994).
Different authors perceive brand image in various ways. For instance, Keller (1993, p. 4) defines
brand image as "perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer
memory", where the value of the brand's image is perceived as vital in a

Concepts Associated with Tourism Developments in Blackpool...
This report explores the theoretical concepts associated with tourism, leisure and hospitality
developments in Blackpool. It also looks at the economic, social, political and environmental
impacts of tourism. There are a variety of reasons why Blackpool has been developed as a tourist
resort, and it has many historical sites of interest including the beach and Blackpool Tower. It also
has a variety of leisure activities. Blackpool also offers a wide range of accommodation and
restaurant options. It is a very accessible location, with airports, railway stations and main roads all
located within the area.
Blackpool has however suffered a decline in tourist numbers since the 1980's, and has since began
to suffer problems economically, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will also discuss how Blackpool has responded to International tourism, and how it has dealt with a
decline of tourists in recent years. I will also look at the different managerial strategies that
Blackpool has enforced to try and regenerate its declining tourist numbers; including the variety of
marketing strategies it has tried in order to attract different tourists.
There are many factors that can affect the growth of tourism in a certain area. This can include the
location of the site, how accessible it is, or the amenities that the site has to offer. Tourism trends are
ever changing, with different areas of the market always in growth or decline. Due to changing
circumstances of British tourists, this has influenced the way we travel and the places that we now
visit for holidays. A variety of factors including; increased car ownership, improved education,
improved health and fitness, and a tendency to travel further have all affected how we travel and
where to. This has resulted in national holidays facing a decline in tourism and an increase in
holidays abroad. Moutinho's theory was that trends would change due to certain factors affecting
tourists. This includes Globalisation, Technological acceleration as well as exploration. All these
ideas would result in tourists travelling to previously unexplored destinations that were out of the
ordinary and very different to the type of holidays being bought in the 1950's. With

The Development Of The Fisheries And Tourism On The...
"The development of the fisheries and the tourist trade," writes Connie Chiang in Shaping the
Shoreline: Fisheries and Tourism on the Monterey Coast, "illuminates the deeply entangled social
and environmental histories that together transformed Monterey through time." Thus the central
contribution of Chiang's book is illuminating the intersection of social and environmental history
from the perspective of an environmental history. The environmental story deals with the fisheries,
canneries, and eventual aquarium celebrating the environment and Monterey's past. Central to the
social story are the conflicts and interactions between people of different gender, class, race, and
ethnicity. While Chiang beautifully intersects the two historical subfields, attention to the
intersection of social categories was lacking. Throughout the book, there were brief moments of
intersectional analysis that greatly contributed to the text. However, these were few and far between.
I demonstrate that had Chiang used the rich intersectional understanding of society on the Monterey
more often, the book would have been greatly strengthened. Moments where Chiang does
acknowledge the intersecting identities of Monterey inhabitants and visitors help to strengthen her
book. The moment where this first appears is in her discussion of Chinese immigrants to Monterey.
Working–class women of color experienced a combination of racism and misogyny unique to their
social position. A travel writer named M.

Mount Everest : Sustainable Tourism And Sustainable...
Sustainable development is defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (United Nations General
Assembly, 1987, p. 43). It is not only related with natural environment, but with social and
economic conditions of what people do. In this respect, tourism industry which is highly associated
with these conditions is, indeed, an essential part of sustainable development. Thus, the UNWTO
defines sustainable tourism as 'tourism that delivers positive economic, social and environmental
outcomes with consideration to the needs of the visitor, industry, community and environment.' As
the tourism industry is mounting every year, sustainable tourism has ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Global Warming has been emerged as one of the potential threat in the world. It is estimated that
there will be an increment of temperature between 1.1oc – 6.4oc in the time period 1990 – 2100 due
to man–made gas emission (FAO). The global warming is adversely affecting the tourism sectors in
the world; especially mountain tourism faces harsh consequences due to climate change.
In case of Nepal, mountain tourism is facing the several dilemmas regarding climate change. Along
with Mt Everest – the tallest mountain in the world, other mountains, glacial lakes, glaciers, rivers
are facing dangerous situation. The research published in The Cryosphere, the journal of European
Geoscience Union, found that the estimated 5500 glaciers in the Hindu Kush–Himalayas region –
site of Mount Everest and many of the world's tallest peaks – could reduce their volume by 70% –
99% by 2100 with dire consequences for farming and hydropower generation and, ultimately, for
tourism industry. Moreover, the lead author of the research, Joseph Shea pointed out that persistent
and possibly accelerated loss from glacier is probable because of future change in climate and
temperature.
Likewise, it is found that some glaciers on or around the Everest had shrunk by 13% in the past 50
years with the snow line 180m higher than it was 50 years ago; and, some smaller glaciers are now
only

Tourism Planning And Development Of Sustainable...

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