3. TERMINOLOGY
• Active listening
• Assertiveness
• Autonomy
• Channel
• Empathy
• Environment
• Feedback
• Interpersonal communication
• Message
• Meta communication
4. • Nonverbal communication
• Perceptual bias
• Public communication
• Receiver
• Referent
• Sender
• Small group communication
• Sympathy
• Therapeutic communication
5. DEFINITION
“Communication is a process by which two or
more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, or
impressions in ways, that each gains a common
understanding of meaning, intent and use of a
message.”
-PAUL LEAGENS
“Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas,
opinions or emotions by two or more persons.”
-NEWMAN AND
SUMMER
6. PURPOSES
1. It is not logically contradictory.
2. Should be expressed in terms of human
behaviour.
3. Should be specific enough for us to be able to
relate it to actual communication behaviour.
4. Should be consistent with the ways in which
people do communicate.
8. FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
• Knowledge management
• Decision making
• Coordinating work activities
• Fulfils relatedness needs
• Information
• Education
• Motivation
• Instructions
• Raising morale
• Advice
• warning
9. PRINCIPLES
• Know your audience
• Know your purpose
• Know your topic
• Anticipate objectives
• Present a round picture
• Achieve credibility with your audience
• Follow through on what you say
• Communicate little at a time
• Present information in several ways
• Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback
• Use multiple communication technique
• Communication is complex
10. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
• SENDER --> MESSAGE --> VISUAL / ORAL / WRITTEN -->RECIPIENT
Setting Channel
Sender-
Receive
r
Sender-
ReceiverNoise
Setting Channel
Message-
Feedback
Message-
Feedback
Interference
Wher
e
Response to
each other
Ideas and
feelings
People
11.
12. Elements of Communication
• Sender-Receivers
– the people
• Messages
– ideas and feelings to be shared
• Symbols ( something that stands for something else)
– verbal, concrete, abstract, nonverbal
• Channels
– the route traveled by a message
– sound and sight (listen and look at each other)
– the media (radio, records, television, newspapers, magazines)
• Feedback
– the response
• Noise
– the interference
• Setting
– Where the communication occurs
15. FEEDBACK
It’s the information that sender receiver about
the receiver reaction to the message.
Communication is reciprocal in both sender
and receiver must be involved
16.
17. Types of communication
Based on
• means of delivering the message
• purposes of communication
• the levels of communication
• the patterns of communication
18. BASED ON
MEANS OF DELIVERING THE MESSAGE
• Verbal
–Spoken
–Written
–Tele
–Electronic
• Non verbal
– Touch
– Eye contact
– Facial expression
– Posture
– Gait
– Gesture
– Physical appearance
– Sound
– Silence
19. BASED ON PURPOSES OF
COMMUNICATION
• Formal
• Informal
• Therapeutic
20. BASED ON LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
• Interpersonal communication
• Intrapersonal communication
• Transpersonal communication
• Small group communication
• Public communication
21. BASED ON THE PATTERNS OF
COMMUNICATION
• One-way communication
• Two- way communication
• One-to- many communication
• many-to-one communication
22. OTHER TYPES
• Inter disciplinary communication
• Therapeutic communication
Inter disciplinary communication
Health care team consists of the client and all
medical personal involved in providing care
Its important that all health care team members
communicating each other regarding assessment,
intervention, outcomes and client status.
23. Therapeutic communication
Its use of communication for the purpose of
creating a beneficial outcome for the client.
It facilitate the establishment of nurse client
relationship and fulfill the purpose of the nursing,
Its purposeful and goal oriented as well defined
boundaries
Client focus
Non judgmental
Its uses well planned and selected techniques
24. MODES OF COMMUNICATION
It occurs in a variety of ways through words, action
or combination of words and action, they are
verbal message
Non verbal message
Facial expression verbal message
It is communicated through words and language
either spoken or written
Verbal messages are accompanied through
paraverbal [paralinguistic ] cues
25. FACILITATIVE COMMUNICATION
• Positive attitude about communication
• Improving communication skill
• Evaluate communication skill
• Goal oriented communication
• Approach communication as a creative
process
• Accept the reality of miscommunication.
31. EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION
• Related to timing
• Related to choice of channel
• Related to message structure
• Related to delivery
• Related to mode
46. JOHARI WINDOW
A MODEL of self awareness , personal development, group development and
understanding relationship
47. JOHARI WINDOW
• The Johari Window model was developed by
American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry
Ingham in the 1950's
• Interestingly, Luft and Ingham called their Johari
Window model 'Johari' after combining their first
names, Joe and Harry.
In early publications the word actually appears as
'JoHari'
48. JOHARI WINDOW – 4 REGIONS
• Open Area -what is known by the person about
him/herself and is also known by others - open self,
free area, free self, or 'the arena'
• Blind Area - what is unknown by the person about
him/herself but which others know - blind area,
blind self, or 'blind spot'
• Hidden Area - what the person knows about
him/herself that others do not know - hidden area,
hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or 'facade'
• Unknown Area -what is unknown by the person
about him/herself and is also unknown by others -
unknown area or unknown self
