This document discusses communication in nursing management. It defines communication and outlines its importance, purposes, principles, elements and levels. Communication is the exchange of information between two or more people. It is important for planning, decision-making, motivation and effective coordination in nursing management. Barriers to communication include personal, environmental, psychological, social, cultural, semantic and organizational factors. The document provides methods to overcome these barriers, such as ensuring a comfortable environment, building trust, and removing negative emotions.

2. COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS, BARRIERS
AND PROBLEMS

3. INTRODUCTION :
Communication is an important
tool for exchanging ideas, concepts and thoughts.
Interpersonal relationships plays an important role
in the provision and maintenance of nursing care.
Any nurse skilled in maintaining communication
will be able to provide excellent care.

4. Introduction contd...
Nurse managers are required to be aware of
the techniques that can help them ensure effective
management of educational/ service unit.
Communication is one of the most important
activities in the nursing management. It is the
foundation upon with the manager achievers
manager achieves organizational objectives.

5. MEANING OF COMMUNICATION :
The word communication is derived from the
Latin word “communis” which means common.
Thus communication means having and
sharing common experiences with people.
“Communication means imparting, conveying
and including ideas, thoughts and concepts orally
or nonverbally from one person to another”.

6. Definition of communication:
* Communication is defined as an exchange of
ideas, facts, opinion are emotions between two or
more persons. - Newman and summer.
* Communication is the sum of all things a
person does when he wants to create understanding
in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and
continuous process of listening and understanding
-Allen Lewis

7. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
1.Foundation of planning
2.Facilitation
3.Decision making
4.Unity of direction
5.Basis of motivation, cooperation and improving
nurse’s morale.
6.Effective coordination

8. Importance of communication contd...
7.Congenial nurse manager- nurse relation
8.Device for handling employee’s grievances
9.Modification of behaviour of staff
10.Effective control

9. PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION:
 Exchanging information regarding health.
 Encouraging cooperation, coordination, good
personal relations and motivation among health
workers.
 Ensuring public participation in health
programme
 Publicity health policies, action and activities
and to remove rumours

10. Purposes of communication contd...
 Maintaining continues public contact
 Maintenance of health records and to receive
correct reports
 Obtaining feedback from community or health
workers
 Making health education effective

11. Principles of communication

12. Principles of communication
The communicator must perceive their clients health problems from their points of view
before planning of health planning.
Systematic analysis of the message, (example the idea) the thought to be communicated.
So that one clear about it.
Clarity of thought with simple and understandable language
Use of two way communication
Proper use of audio-visual aids, gestures, words and pictures.
Credibility and genuineness of communication
Topic for health education according to requirement feelings beliefs and experiences of
people
Latest and reliable information
Correct medium or method for communication
Appropriate attention to verbal as well as non verbal messages
Increases communication skills for this following steps may be fruitful
Being confident in your ability to relate to people
Be honest with your feelings
Be sensitive to the needs of others
Be consistent and know yourself
Recognize symptoms of anxiety
Be careful in non verbal communication

13. ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS
SOURCE OR
IDEA
MESSAGE
ENCODING
CHANNEL
RECEIVER
DECODING
FEED BACK

14. ESSENTIALS OF COMMUNICATION :
•Self knowledge
•Impart part of communication in the field
•One of the biggest obstacles in feeling
•Another obstacle is our tendency to evaluate to
pass judgement before we find out what is meant
•Keen listening of receivers intends
•When talking think in terms of the total
impression

15. Essentials of communication contd...
•When talking consider every indication of the
listeners
•Ask more question to know about intended of the
customers
•Considered the correction of misunderstanding
•In case of difficulties try to talk centered on the
problem rather than on personalities

16. Essentials of communication contd...
•Recognise that in discussions, disagreement in
normal and inevitable.
•Disapprove indirectly, preserving the other
individual’s ego in the process
•Control your own natural ego and the desire to
get the upper hand and show up weakness in other
fellow’s point of view.

17. Essentials of communication contd...
•Take every honest opportunity to make the other
person feel better or more important
•To bring to light misunderstanding and
misapprehensions before they develop into serious
problems
•When talking pause more often to think through
what you about to say

18. Essentials of communication contd...
•Tone of voice is more important than we think
•Body movements give clues to feelings and
meanings
•Be direct, as if your listeners were very important

19. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION:
Communication occurs at the levels of
 Intrapersonal
 Interpersonal and
 Public levels

20. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication
Non verbal communication

21. VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Clarity and brevity
Vocabulary
Denotative and connotative meaning
Pacing
Timing and relevance
 Humour

22. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
⁕ Meta communication
⁕ Personal experience
⁕ Intonation
⁕ Facial expression
⁕ Posture and gait
⁕ Gestures
⁕ Touch

23. Perceptions
Values
Emotions
Socio cultural
background
Gender
Knowledge
Role and
relationships
Environment
Space and
territoriality
FACTORS INFLUENCING COMMUNICATION

24. FACTORS IMPAIR COMMUNICATION
Homophyles
Chain of command
Frame of reference
Self preservation
Crisis

25. CHANNEL TYPE OF MESSAGE
Visual
channels
facial expressions, body language, postures
gestures, pictures and written words,
electronic mails, mass media etc.
Auditory
channels
Spoken words, sounds, telephone or mobile
communications delivering audio contact
(radio or voicemail) etc.
Tactile
channels
Touch sensations and therapeutic touch etc.
Combined
channels
Audio visual media consoling a person with
Touch and spoken words
CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION –
DESCRIPTION OF CHANNELS

26. COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
 Informal communication channels
 Formal communication channels

27. INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
 Single strand
 Gossip
 Probability
 Cluster

28. Single strand Gossip
Informal communication channels

29. Informal communication channels
Probability Cluster

30. FORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
Chain communication
Circular network
Wheel communication
Free flow communication
Inverted V communication

31. Chain communication

32. Circular network

33. Wheel communication

34. Free flow communication

35. Inverted V communication

37. Barriers and problems of communication
Personal barriers
Environmental barriers
Psychological barriers
Social barriers
Cultural barriers
Semantic barriers
Organizational barriers
Communication process related barriers

38. PERSONAL BARRIERS

39. PERSONAL BARRIERS
•Lack of interest in communication
•False promises
•Lack of knowledge
•Lack of confidence
•Hearing and vision impairment
•Discomfort due to illness
•Past experience

40. ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS

41. ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS
Loud background noise
Poor lighting
Uncomfortable setting
Unhygienic surroundings and bad odour
Very hot and cold room
Distance

42. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS

43. PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Lack of attention
Poor listening skills due to poor sensory
perception
Misperception and emotional disturbances such
as anger jealousy and suspicion
Distrust and unhappy emotions
Prejudice, resentment and antagonism

44. SOCIAL BARRIERS

45. SOCIAL BARRIERS
Difference in social norms values and behaviour
Social taboos
Different social strata

46. CULTURAL BARRIERS

47. CULTURAL BARRIERS
Ethnic, religious and cultural differences
Cultural traditions values and behaviour

48. SEMANTIC BARRIERS

49. SEMANTIC BARRIERS
 Language barriers
 Language jargons
 Faulty language translations
 Individual difference in expression of
language

50. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS

51. ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
Organizational policy rules and regulations
Technical failure
Time pressure
Complexity organizational structure due to
hierarchy
Size of the organization

52. COMMUNICATION PROCESS RELATED
BARRIERS

53. COMMUNICATION PROCESS RELATED
BARRIERS
Unclear and conflicting messages
Stereotypical approach
Inappropriate channels
Lack of/ poor feedback

54. METHODS TO OVERCOME BARRIERS
OF COMMUNICATION
⁎Several strategies or guidelines may be used to
overcome the barriers of the communication
⁎Some essential guidelines to overcome these
barriers are discussed below

55. METHODS TO OVERCOME PERSONAL
BARRIERS
⁎The sender and the recipient must keep in mind
and each other’s personal abilities.
⁎ The sender and receiver must develop interest
in communication
⁎The sender should have develop the adequate
knowledge about the messages

56. Methods to overcome personal barriers contd…
Before initiating communication the sender and
the recipient must ensure each other’s comfort.
In addition the sender must ensure active part
of hearing and visual acuity of the receiver.
Consider about the past experience turns into
positive aspect.

57. METHODS TO OVERCOME
ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS
•Comfortable background settings to be
arranged
•Good lighting must be ensured to facilitate
nonverbal communication.
• A comfortable seating arrangement must be
ensured.

58. Methods to overcome environmental barriers
contd…
A hygienic and odor free environment must be
encouraged
Optimal environmental temperature must be
ensured
Ensure proper distance between the sender and
the receiver.

59. METHODS TO OVERCOME
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
Communication must be carried out to focusing
concentration of the receiver stimulates active
participation.
Taken out in a happy and trustworthy manner
Remove the negative emotions such as anger,
jealousy and suspicion

60. Methods to overcome psychological barriers
contd…
The sender and the recipient must avoid
feelings of distrust, unhappy emotions,
prejudice, resentment and antagonism.
The sender under the recipient must to free
from fear, anxiety and confusion during
communication

61. METHODS TO OVERCOME SOCIAL
BARRIERS:
•The difference in social norms, values and
behaviour must be given consideration during
communication
•Social beliefs must be kept in mind while
communicating.

62. METHODS TO OVERCOME CULTURAL
BARRIERS
Cultural difference must be given consideration
while communicating.
Cultural traditions, values and behaviour must
be kept in mind during communication.

63. METHODS TO OVERCOME
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
Organizational policy, rules, and regulations
must be pro communication
The organizational structure must be simple
and non complex for smooth communication.

64. Methods to overcome organizational barriers
contd…
•The organization must be technically strong
with respect to communication.
•Large organizations must be divided into
smaller subsets to promote effective
communication.

65. METHODS TO OVERCOME
COMMUNICATION PROCESS RELATED
BARRIERS
An appropriate channel must be used
A Stereotypical approach must be avoided in
communication
The message must be clear and non conflicting.
Proper feedback must be ensured by the
recipients.

66. COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
Nonverbal communication skills
Space between the sender the receiver
Environment
Appearance of the sender
Eye contact during the interaction process
Posture of the sender and receiver
Facial expressions
Timing of communication
Vocal clues such as tone, volume and inflection.

67. Communication skills contd…
Verbal communication skills
•Reflection of message in appropriate situation
•Repeat the assertive message.
•Point out the implicit assumptions
•Restate the message by using assertive language.
•Questioning of an unwarranted action.

68. Communication skills contd…
Listening skills
Active listening
Using silence
Listening with purpose
Acknowledgement of message
Giving feedback

69. Communication skills contd…
Group communication skills:
Managers must communicate with large and
small groups as well as the individual
employees.
Jenses (1977) labelled to the stage of
grouping us

70. Group communication skills contd…
Forming stage
Storming stage
Norming stage
Performing stage and
Evaluation stage
Each stage the manager will work
effectively to perform group activity.

71. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN NURSING MANAGEMENT
The effective communication between nurses and patients has many benefits.
The importance of communication in the health care industry can help prevent injuries
and death, increase trust between the patient care.
•Communication in a healthcare setting is one of the most important tools we have the
proper we have for providing great patient care and improving patient satisfaction.
•The ability to communicate effectively is an essential skill for nurse leaders.
•Good communication skills are associated associated with better patient outcomes and
higher employee satisfaction

72. Summary :
So far we discussed about “communication,
channels, barriers and problems” seminar in
nursing management meaning, definition,
importance, purposes, principles, elements
essentials, levels of communication, types, factors
influencing communication, factors impair
communication, channels, barriers and methods to
overcome the barriers in communication,
communication skills and importance of
communication in nursing management.

73. CONCLUSION
Communication is an integral part of management
and involve an exchange of facts, feelings and information by
two or more persons and provides means of putting the
channels into action in an organization. communication is a
regularly established channel upon which many employees
depend to provide quality improvement of care with their
patients effective cooperation and satisfaction of services.

74. THEORY APPLICATION
Herberg’s Two Factor Theory
Barriers,
problems of
communicatio
n decrease the
quality care
& satisfaction
in nursing
Methods of
overcoming
barriers of
communication
by follow up of
communication
skills , improve
the quality
nursing care.

75. Journal findings :
Topic : Communication barriers to education to referrals from
the perspective of referrals to health centres and health care
providers.
Author : Iranpour et.al (2022).
Results:
Referral health centres mostly affected
communication barriers were related to environmental and
then socio - cultural factors. Healthcare providers face a
variety of barriers in educating people, most of which are
related to environmental factors. Cost effectiveness of
education to the public, it is essential that planners and the
policymakers use strategies to eliminate environmental factors
as well as placement of indigenous healthcare providers in
health facilities to reduce communication barriers.

76. Assignment :
Write an assignment about communication
barriers experienced by your healthcare settings and
the methods to overcome the barriers.