2. PLANTS:
What are plants?
How are plants classified?
How are they related?
How are they different?
Nomenclature: (naming of species)
2
3. Plant Kingdom- members are multicellular,
autotrophic.
First organisms to live on land
What do plants need to survive?
• Sunlight
• Water
• Minerals
• Gas exchange
• Transport system 3
5. LIVING ON LAND
PROBLEM:
Reproduction- could not do like their relatives
the alga and split with binary fission
EVOLUTION: REPRODUCTIVE ADAPTATION:
• Spores
5
VIDEO: Fern: Life Cycle (2:20)
6. LIVING ON LAND
PROBLEM 3:
Nutrients and water from a rocky surface
• Rhyzoids-
simple
diffusion of
water
EVOLUTION: STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION:
6
12. Vascular System:
“having vessels” to carry water/minerals up
& down the plant (phloem & xylem)
cuticle
• Waxy, waterproof
cover
EVOLUTION: STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION:
12
13. Vascular:
Divided into Seedless & seeds
SEEDLESS SEEDS
Vascular
Produce spores using
two generations to
form the mature plant
Zygote produced from
sexual reproduction of
pollen and egg
13
14. SEEDLESS: do not have seeds;
use spores to reproduce, grow tall &
thick
EXAMPLE: fern
http://www.freefoto.com/images/9909/06/990
9_06_6179---Fern_web.jpg?&k=Fernhttp://www.shadegarden.net/wp-
content/uploads/2008/07/cinnamon-fern.jpg
http://eatdrinkbetter.com/2008/05/05/lovin-
fresh-fiddlehead-ferns/
14
16. SEEDS:
• Gymnosperms (naked seed); no
flowers; oldest kind of seed plants
• prefer cooler/dry climates,
• sexual reproduction- needs something to
spread the pollen (male part) to the egg
(female part) for a seed to be made… WIND
• produce seeds on female cones
GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS
EVOLUTION: REPRODUCTIVE ADAPTATION:
16
18. FLOWERS & FRUITS
Angiosperms (flowering)
produce flowers, form the largest division in
plant kingdom; live lots of places/climates
• sexual reproduction
• flowers attract pollinators
with bright colors, scents,
and nectar
EVOLUTION: REPRODUCTIVE ADAPTATION:
18
19. • Ovaries expand and fill with sweet sugars
around the seeds in the form fruit
• Fruits entice animals to eat it and pass the
seeds (with fertilizer) somewhere away
from the parent plant… less competition
19
VIDEO: Amoeba
Sisters: Plant
Reproduction (5 min)
24. TROPISMS: turning response of a plant
• Positive tropism (moving toward the stimulus)
• Negative tropism (moving away from the
stimulus)
EVOLUTION ADAPTATIONS:
24
26. Phototropism- all stems bend towards the
sunlight-
• Positive: plants grow
toward light
Thigmotropism: response to
physical contact-
Vines: special kind of
‘climbing’ stem
•Some grow along the
ground (runners) like
strawberries 26
28. 28
EVOLUTION: STRUCTURAL / BEHAVIORAL
ADAPTATION:
Carnivorous Plants
Some plants living in wet areas where
decomposition doesn’t happen easily have
adapted to obtain nutrients directly from the
trapping and digesting of animals! (mostly
insects)
31. LEAF CLASSIFICATION LAB
Shape: how is the leaf shaped?
Arrangement: how are the leaves attached to the petiole (leaf stem)
DEFINITIONS:
SIMPLE LEAVES (one leaf on a petiole)
Opposite arrangement leaves are across from each other;
opposite
Alternate arrangement leaves take turns on stem from each
other; alternating
COMPOUND LEAVES (multiple leaflets make up one ‘leaf’
stem)
Pinnately compound arrangement feather-like: many
leaflets are opposite each other on a large stem
Bi-pinnately compound arrangement many leaflets are
opposite each other twice (see picture)
Palmately compound arrangement many leaflets come from
a center ‘palm’
Whorled arrangement many leaflets go around the stem
Rosulate arrangement many leaflets around the stem in a
cluster (like rose petals)
simple
compound
31
32. PLANT LABS:
1. Leaves: Identify & graph your collection into journal; view & draw fern spores;
Answer questions in Plant Journal.
2. Flowers: identify & draw 5 local spring flowers on white paper. Glue into journal.
Roots: identify fibrous & taproots; draw 7 label root parts in journal; Answer
questions in Plant Journal.
3. Seeds: seed dissection: label 3 parts of the seed into journal; observe pine nuts
in pinecones-- sketch into journal; Answer questions in Plant Journal.
4. Stems: Compare three different types of bark. Notice the color & texture. How
do the grains run? Is there a pattern? Create a bark rubbing with a dark crayon
(rubbed sideways). Sketch the three specimens.
Header:
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