2. GENESIS 1:11-13
11Then God said, “Let the land produce
vegetation: seed-bearing plants with seed in
it, according to their various kinds.” And it
was so.
12The land produced vegetation: plants
bearing seed according to their kinds and
trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to
their kinds. And God say that it was good.
13And there was evening and there was
4. 1. Roots
Anchor the plant in the soil
2. Stem
Transports water and minerals to the leaves
3. Leaves
Makes the food that keeps plants alive and helps them grow
4. Fruits
Tastes sweet, so people and animals like to eat it
5. Flowers
Produces seeds which grow into new plants
PARTS OF
PLANTS
5. ROOTS AND STEMS
Shoot system—every part
visible above ground including
leaves, stems, twigs, trunks,
flowers, and fruit
Root system—located below
ground
Many plants’ root system
growth shoot system growth
6. ROOTS AND STEMS
Roots purposes—plant warehouse
1. Anchor the plant
2. Soil conservation
3. Absorb water and minerals
4. Ship water and dissolved minerals up to the
leaves
5. Store extra glucose and convert it into
starch
7. ROOTS AND STEMS
Root Systems
1. Taproot System – primary root grows
straight down and is bigger than the secondary
rootlets
2. Fibrous Root System – primary root remains
small and secondary rootlets grow out from it
8. ROOTS AND STEMS
Stems transport water and
minerals upward from the
roots to the leaves and carries
dissolved food from the
leaves to the roots.
Xylem – carries water and
nutrients from root hairs to
leaves
Phloem – carries sugars from the
stem/leaves to the roots
10. ROOTS AND STEMS
Special Stems
Stolon—aka runner—stem
that grows along the ground
Rhizome—thick storage stems
below ground that produce
new plants
Tendrils—a specialized stem
with a threadlike shape used
by climbing plants for support
and attachment
11. GENESIS 3:18
It will produce thorns and thistles for you,
and you will eat the plants of the field.
12. LEAVES
Parts of a Leaf
Petiole: stalk attaching node to a leaf blade
Sessile: leaves which attach directly to the
stem by a sheath without a petiole
14. LEAVES
Simple vs. Compound Leaves
• Simple—One leaf on each petiole
• Pinnately Compound—leaves attached at
different points on the petiole
• Palmately Compound—multiple leaves at
one point on the petiole
Sketch these on your notes!
16. LEAVES
Leaf Venation: vein patterns
Parallel: monocots
Pinnate: dicots
Palmate: dicots
Sketch these on your notes!
17. PROVERBS 11:28
Those who trust in their riches will fall,
but the righteous will thrive like a green
leaf.
18. LEAVES—FUNCTION
Photosynthesis—chemical process by which
plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
to create oxygen and energy in the form of
sugar (glucose)
Stoma (plural=stomata)—pores or tiny holes
which allows air to enter and exit. Plants take
in CO2 (carbon dioxide) and releases O2 (oxygen).
Chlorophyll—the pigment that makes plants
green
Chloroplasts—tiny packages of chlorophyll
20. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Carbon Dioxide + Water
With light and chloroplasts
=
Glucose + Oxygen
And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the
LORD be his land, for the precious
things of heaven, for the dew, and for
the deep that couches beneath,
And for the precious fruits brought
forth by the sun, and for the precious
things put forth by the moon,
Deuteronomy 33:13,14
21. CREATOR GOD’S INFINITE
WISDOM
Plants are the only living things that can
make their own food. God created them
before humans and animals.
God made plants to be useful.
Plants and other living organisms(human
and animals) co-exist. Plants release
oxygen into the air and people and
animals release carbon dioxide into the
air. Both need the other to survive!
22. LEAVES
Special Leaves
Tendrils—A leaf tendril is a thread-
like part of a leaf that attaches to a
surface in order to help a vining
plant secure itself
Spines—A special leaf on cacti that
contain no chlorophyll, but whose
function is to protect the water-
storing stem.
Bulb—many layers of lower leaves
that remain below ground ex:
24. GENESIS 1:11
11Then God said, “Let the land produce
vegetation: seed-bearing plants with seed in
it, according to their various kinds.” And it
was so.
25. 1. Sepal
Leaf like structure at the base of the petals
2. Petals
Modified leaf which attracts insects/birds to pollinate
3. Pistil—center
Stigma—sticky top
Style—stalk-connects the stigma to ovary
Ovary—holds the plants future seeds
4. Stamen
Anther—holds pollen grains
Filament—thin stalk holding the anther
PARTS OF A FLOWER
26. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Flowers—primary function is
the reproduction of the plant
Pollination—transfer of pollen
from the anther to the stigma
Fertilization—the uniting of a
sperm cell from the pollen
grain with an egg cell in the
ovary
leads to a seed
27. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Pollination
1.Pollen tube forms
2.Sperm cell of the pollen grain
divides in 2
3.1 of the sperm cells unites with an
egg cell in the ovary
Ovule begins to develop into a seed
4.Other sperm cell used for food
storage
Flower Fades
28. 1 PETER 1:24-25
“All flesh is like grass and all its glory like
the flower of grass. The grass withers, and
the flower falls, but the Word of the Lord
remains forever.”
29. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Fruit– ripened ovary of a flower
Scientific fruit=anything that forms from the ovary of a flower.
Nuts, beans, peas, olives, grains, “vegetables” such as tomatoes
and cucumbers
Can be edible or inedible
1.Exocarp-outside skin of a fruit
2.Mesocarp-flesh, middle layer which is usually eaten
3.Endocarp-inside layer surrounding the seeds
30.
31. Fruit– Function
1. Ovary becomes a fruit
2. Ovule develops into a seed
3. Fruit leads to dispersal of seed
FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
32. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Fruit– Function
Dispersal—spreading of seeds after they have
matured
1. Mechanical dispersal—ripened fruit bursts
open and scatters the seeds
a. Ex. Impatients, witch hazel, violets
2. Agent Dispersal
a. Wind; ex: milkweed, maple, dandelion
b. Water; ex: lotus, cattail, coconut
c. Humans and animals: ex: sandbur, beggar—ticks
33. GENESIS 1:29
And God said, Behold I have given you
every herb bearing seed which is upon the
face of all the earth, and every tree, in
which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed to
you shall be for meat.
34. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Seed Parts
1. Embryo—an undeveloped plant inside a seed
2. Cotyledon(s)—stored food for the growing plant
Monocots vs dicots
1 Cotyledon vs 2 Cotyledon
3. Seed coat—protects seed as it grows
35. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Embryo—mini plant
1.Radicle—small root which will develop into
the root system
2.Plumule—shoot that will become the
stem/leaves
3.Cotyledon—absorbs stored food from the
endosperm (endosperm—stored food)
36. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Germination—the growth of a seed into a
young plant or a seedling.
Dormant-inactive
1. Right amount of water
2. Right amount of oxygen
3. Right temperature
Non-Dormant
1. Seed swells by absorbing water
2. Downward growth—radicle grows
3. Upward growth—plumule grows
Seedling—new plant once germination is
finished
37. FLOWERS, FRUIT, AND
SEED
Plant Duration
Annuals—live one growing cycle (wheat, corn, rice)
Biennials—live through two growing seasons (carrots,
cabbage, lettuce)
1st year—leaves and roots
2nd year—flowers and seeds
Perennials—live multiple years and bloom each
growing season (strawberries)
38. CREATOR GOD’S PERFECT
DESIGN
Beauty—Flowers attract
Reproduction—Pollination
Beneficial to flowers and animal(bee attracted to nectar which feeds it while it also
transfers pollen grains)
Distribution—Fruit
Sweet, burs, wings or parachute structures, exploding
pods
Growth—Delay mechanisms to remain dormant
Some seeds have especially hard coat; others contain chemicals
that keep them from sprouting until they’ve been exposed to
long period of cold temperatures.
39. CLASSIFYING PLANTS
Gymnosperms: non-flowering seed plants
(pine cones)
Angiosperms: flowering plants
Family groups are classified by their flower and
fruits
Flowering families are grouped by monocots
and dicots
40. MONOCOT VS. DICOT
1 cotyledon 2 Cotyledon
Petals in multiples of 3 Petals in multiples
of 4-5
Fibrous root system Taproot
system
Parallel Veins Branching veins
41. DICOT FAMILIES
1. Composite family
*Disk and ray flowers
Insect pollinated
Ex: daisy, aster, goldenrod, sunflowers
42. DICOT FAMILIES
2. Pea Family—legumes
2nd largest plant family
*Fruit is a pod that splits along two sides
Important for the nitrogen cycle
Ex: peas, beans, lentils, peanuts, alfalfa
43. DICOT FAMILIES
3. Rose Family
Woody stems
*cup shaped blossom: flower
parts in multiples of 5
*fleshy fruits
Ex: plums, cherry, apple,
almonds, raspberry
44. DICOT FAMILIES
4. Buttercup Family
*Five rounded petals
Non-woody stems
*dry fruits
Herbaceous Plant: dies during winter
and grows and new shoot each spring
Ex: common buttercup, peony,
columbine
45. DICOT FAMILIES
5. Mint family
*Stems are square
Flower clusters form
spikes
Ex: basil, sage, thyme,
peppermint, spearmint
46. DICOT FAMILIES
6. Honeysuckle family
Flowers have a sweet nectar inside
(attracts hummingbirds)
*trumpet-shaped flowers
fruits are berries
*leaves grow opposite each other
Ex: honeysuckle, trumpet honeysuckle,
Japanese honeysuckle, snowball bush
47. DICOT FAMILIES
7. Parsley family
*Flower arranged in clusters called
umbels
Ex: celery, parsley, carrots, dill
48. DICOT FAMILIES
8. Milkweed family
*Every flower has 5 nectar horns
*Fruit is a pod which opens on one
side
Ex: Common milkweed, butterfly weed,
wax plant succulents
49. MONOCOT FAMILIES
1. Lily family
*6 Petals per flower
*Grow from a bulb: thick, fleshy leaves
surrounded by a short stem
Store food thick leaves or bulb
Ex: Daylily, tulips, aloe, yuccas, Joshua
trees
50. MONOCOT FAMILIES
2. Amaryllis family
*Grow from bulbs, corms, rhizomes
Corms: thick, vertical underground
stems
Rhizomes: horizontal stems along or
just under the ground
*Inferior ovary: ovary attached below
other flower parts
Ex: Amaryllis, onion, garlic, daffodil
52. MONOCOT FAMILIES
3. Grass family
Leaf
*Blade: flat part
*Sheath: where blade
attaches to stem
Stolon: stem along the
ground
*Fruit called grains
Ex: rice, barley, wheat,
sugar cane, oats, corn
Editor's Notes
Soil conservation: keep the soil from being washed away by water or blown away by the wind
Soil conservation: keep the soil from being washed away by water or blown away by the wind
Soil conservation: keep the soil from being washed away by water or blown away by the wind
Soil conservation: keep the soil from being washed away by water or blown away by the wind
As sunlight enters the leaf, some of its energy is absorbed by tiny packages of chlorophyll called chloroplasts contained in the cells of the leaf. The energy of the sun splits the water, provided by the roots and stems, into simpler chemicals called hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen (a gas) is released throught he stoma into the air, where it is available to be breated by people nad animals. The hydrogen is combined with carbond dioxide ( a gas taken from the air to form a type of sugar called glucose—the food plants need to live. The glucose is shipped away for storage or is used in other parts of the plant.