Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: Pharmacopoeia, Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test for Chloride and Sulphate

1. PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
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UNIT 1 1.Impurities in pharmaceutical substances
UNIT 2 2.Acids, Bases and Buffers
3.Major extra and intracellular electrolytes
4.DENTAL PRODUCTS
UNIT 3 Gastrointestinal agents-
5. Acidifiers 6. Cathartic 7. Antacid 8.
Antimicrobials
UNIT 4 Miscellaneous compounds-
9. Expectorants 10. Emetics 11. Haematinics
12. Poison and Antidote 13.Astringents
UNIT 5 14. Radiopharmaceuticals

2. IMPURITIES
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 The limit test involve simple comparisons of opalescence,
turbidity, or color with standard.
 These are semi-qualitative reactions in which extent of impurities
present can be estimated by comparing visible reaction response
of the test and standard.
 By this way, extent of reaction is readily determined by direct
comparison of test solution with standard. So pharmacopoeia
prefers comparison methods.

14. Limit test for Chloride and Sulphate
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15. Limit test for Heavy metals and Lead
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16. Limit test for Iron and Arsenic
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18. QUESTIONS …….
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