A brief introduction about internet and its components

1. 1
SEMINAR PRESENTED
ON
General Introduction of Internet &
its Applications
IN
SESSION 2016-17
GUIDED BY:
Miss. Chitra Bhattacharya
(Asst. Prof) Dept. of BT/MB
SUBMITTED BY:
Miss. Saroj Singh
M.Sc. Semester II Biotechnology
Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology
Rungta College of Science & Technology, Durg

2. CONTENT
 Introduction
 Definition
 History
 Features
 Internet tools
 Internet addressing
 Architecture
 Basic services
 List of search engines
 Why Google
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Reference
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Internet is a global public network people all over the
world can search the net for information's and they
are also capable to add some new information's.
 Internet is the huge repository of information it
consist of all the type of information private, public,
academic, business etc.
 In the field of internet there is no boundary here
everyone has freedom to share their own views.
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4.  Internet is linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless and optical networking technologies.
 It is a network of network connecting million of
computers more than 190 countries are linked with it
for exchange of data, news and for other facilities.
 Internet is today one of the most important part of
our daily life. There are large number of things that
can be done by using the internet so now we can say
that with the progress of internet we are progressing
in every field.
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5. DEFINITION
 Internet is generally defined as global system of
interconnected computer networks that uses the
internet protocol suites (TCP/IP) to link devices
world wide which helps in communication and other
services.
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6. HISTORY
 The internet has its roots from the ARPANET system of
the Advanced research project agency of the US
department of defense. The internet evolved from the
basic ideas of ARPANET for interconnecting computers
and was used by research organizations and universities
initially to share and exchange information's and all
these things are happens in the year 1960.
 In the year 1970 in the field of internet some basic
services are launched such as TELNET application (1972)
and File Transfer Protocol (1973)…..etc.
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7.  In 1989 U.S. Government lifted restriction on the use
of internet to be allowed it to be used for commercial
purpose.
 In 1993 Tim Berners Lee releases the World Wide
Web (WWW) to make the use of internet easier.
 Since then the internet has grown rapidly to become
the world largest network.
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8. FEATURES
 It is a world wide and global public network.
 It has no central controlling body.
 A standard protocol suite for internet is TCP/IP (TCP is also
known as transmission control protocol & IP means internet
protocol they are the set of communication protocols used on
the internet which provides end to end data communication).
 It does not determine the profile of the users the user can be
machine or living beings.
 Internet is fully capable to handle increment of internet users
and increment if volume of traffic.
 Working with internet not required too much skills.
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9. INTERNET TOOLS
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1).COMMUNICATION TOOLS:
 E-mail
 Telnet
 Usenet
2).MULTIMEDIA INFORMATION TOOLS:
 WWW.
3).INFORMATION SEARCH TOOLS:
 WAIS
 ARCHIE
 VERONICA
4).INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TOOLS:
 FTP
 GOPHERS

10. INTERNET ADDERESING
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 Internet addressing is a systematic way to identify
people, computers and internet resources
 We can classify the addressing in the following manner:
1. IP ADDRESS: Is a unique number that identifies
computer on the internet.
2. DOMAIN NAME: is a unique way to identify people by
their domain name & other information's which are
provided by them.
3. URL ADDRESS: is the way to identify information
resources.

11. INTERNET ARCHITECTURE
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12. ARCHITECTURE
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The internet architecture can be classified into three layers shown in figure
no. 1
1 TOP LAYER -:
 The top layer consists of internet backbones and very high speed network
lines.
 The speed is usually 45 Mbps or more. And the nodes are known as Network
Access Points (NAPs).
2 MIDDLE LAYER -:
 The middle layer is usually known as Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
 The ISPs are connected to the backbones via high speed lines. The speed of
these lines is usually 1.5 Mbps and more.
3 BOTTOM MOST LAYER -:
 The bottom most layer is the end users (EU).
 The speed of communication is usually 9600 bps to 56000 bps.

13. BASIC SERVICES
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 There are five types of basic services provided by the
internet to its users. They are described below :
1. ELECTOMIC MAIL.
2. WORLD WIDE WEB
3. FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL.
4. USENET.
5. TELNET.

14. 1)ELECTRONIC MAIL :
 Electronic mail service is also known as e-mail. It enables its users to
send or receive a mail from one computer to another computer. In a
real time manner.
 An e-mail message takes a few seconds to several minutes to reach its
destination because it travels via network until it reaches its
destination.
 It can contain not only text documents but also image,audio,video, etc.
 it is originated in the year 1970 with ARPANET and is now the primary
method of business communication today .
 For any mail service an email account or address is required for both
mail sender and recipient.
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ADVANTAGES
 Faster than paper mail.
 It provides the 24 hours access.
 Unlike fax documents email can be stored in a computer and
can be edited easily.
DISADVANTAGES
 It doesn’t provide the security.
 It produced information overloaded by junk mail.
 Electronic technologies skills and data connection is require for
an email.

16. 2) WORLD WIDE WEB
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 World Wide Web is the most popular and promising method of
accessing internet service which is also known as www.
 The main reason of its popularity is use of a concept called
hypertext. Hypertext is a new way of knowledge.
 The www began as a project for sharing hypertext information's
over a network.
 Developed by Tim Berners Lee at CERN.
 WWW is the web consist of all client and server applications that
communicate over the internet.
 www also consist resources these resources are generally referred as
web sites and it also consist text files formatted in Hyper Text
Markup Language (HTML) and associated with image, sound,
multimedia and other files. each HTML file is called as web page.

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ADVANTEGES
 It provides the email services.
 It provides the chatting facilities.
 It provides the E-commerce and other E-services.
 It provides news group services.
 Its also provides many educational and
entertainment services.

18. 3) FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
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 The File Transfer service enables an internet users to
move a file from one computer to another.
 A file may contain any type of digital information
such as text documents, image artwork, movie,
sound, etc.
 Moving a file from a remote computer to main
computer(own) is called downloading and moving a
file from main computer to remote computer is
called uploading.

19. 4) USENET
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 It enables users to exchange their views, ideas,
information on some common topic of interest with all
members belonging to the same group.
 These types of groups are known as news groups. There
are 2 types of news groups which are discussed below:
1. Moderate: in a moderate news group only few members
have right to post a message and share their views.
2. Non moderate: in a non moderate news group any
member of a group is able to sand messages.

20. 5) TELNET
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 Telnet service enables an internet user to log in to another computer on the
internet from her/his local computer this action is also called remote login.
 For telnet service user has to login their user id & enter password. If the
user name & password is correct he/she logged on to the remote computer.
 Advantages
 For using computing power of remote computer.
 For using a software on remote computer.
 Accessing remote computer.
 For logging to once own computer to other.
 Disadvantages
 Less safe and secure.
 Risk of hackers and crackers.

21. SEARCH ENGINES
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 A web search engine is a tool that allows people to find
information on the world wide web.
 A list of some better known or top five search engines is
as follow:
1. Goggle
2. Bing
3. Yahoo
4. Ask.com
5. Baidu

22. WHY GOOGLE
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 Google has no need for further introduction today
everyone is know about it.
 It is the most used search engines on the world wide web,
handling more than three billion searches every day. It
consist a series of localized websites
 When Google released its search engine in 1998, its
search result were significantly better then its
competitors.
 It giant first place from all the search engines because it
consist number of information's and instantly gave that
information's to people.

23. APPLICATIONS
1)COMMUNICATION: Communication is the most important gift that the
internet has given to the common man, With the help of internet we can
communicates the people living far away from us. Now people can not only
chat but can also do the video call, conferencing, by the help of internet it
become extremely easy to contact our loved ones.
2)EDUCATION: Education is one of the best things that the internet can provide.
There are a number of books ,online help centers ,experts views and other
study oriented material on the internet that can make the learning process so
easier as well as fun learning with the internet you can gain the endless
amount of knowledge that you wish to have.
3)FINANCIAL TRANSACTION: Financial transaction is the term which is used
when there is exchange of money. With the help of internet financial
transaction become a lot easier. In the presence of internet now you don’t need
to stand in line of your particular bank or branch rather you can just log into
the bank website and then can do any transaction.
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24. 4)REAL TIME UPDATES: There are various websites on the internet which
provides you real time updates in every field. It regard the things
happening in different parts of the world. This function of internet helps to
connect with all over the world very easily and without any difficulty.
5)ONLINE BOOKING: Do you remember the time when the only way to book
tickets by visit their websites. That the time has completely changed and
today everything is available at the one click of the mouse this has been
possible only because the internet By the help of internet there is no need
to visit the booking counters to book tickets you can do all these things
sitting at home, this is the best resource that you have.
6)BLOGGING: Blogging is the way to share your views ,there is huge number
of websites over the internet which allows you to write blogs .You just need
to get yourself registered as per their procedure, there are many peoples
who are very much interested in writing blogs and for them internet is the
best place in internet they can not only write blogs as per their wish but can
also publicize their work and convert it in their profession.
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25. 7)JOB SEARCHES: There are many websites which provides us
various information's about various jobs and vacancies which helps
very much to our youth who want to work according to their interest
& internet provides all the information about job vacancies who
helps to find a proper job.
8)BUSINESS: Internet is one of the best place to promote your
products and to sell them and to run your business.
9)SHOPPING: shopping has now become one of the most pleasing
thing to do using the internet. Whenever you find time you can shop
anything and anytime through the internet by visiting the concerned
websites and order the items and those item will be delivered to you
in few days.
10)BASIC SERVICES: Usenet, mail, file transfer, telnet and many
other services are provided by internet.
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26. INTERNET IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
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 The world of modern biotechnology is based on internet and
recent developments in the field of biotechnology related to
new methods ,experiments, searches, therapies etc.
 Biotechnology is one of the new and rapidly growing branch
of biology which develops every time so how can teachers and
student know what is happening in the field of biotechnology
the answer of this question is internet which provide all the
information’s related to it .There were many sources are
available in internet which provides various information’s
related to modern biotechnology such as -: NCBI The
National Center for Biotechnological information
(Legislation,1988),The National Association of
Biotechnology (Rasmussen & Mtheson,1990) ,Ohio
academy of Bioprocessing (Wells ,1994) etc.

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 Biotechnology is one of the new subjects and related
materials of this subjects are not easily available in books
for that case internet plays very important role to give
information related to that topic.
 In research work.
 In thesis writing.
 To know about current affairs & researches.
 As a resource for research material.

28. DISADVANTAGES
 Risk of hackers and crackers: less security provided
internet so here is the big risk of hackers and crackers
both.
 Risk of cyber crimes.
 It has much garbage rather than valuable information's
 Wasting of time because searching takes two much time.
 It is an addiction which is harm our society and health
both.
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29. CONCLUSION
 Internet is the global public network and is the only way to connect
all over the globe.
 Linked with millions of computers.
 Helps to communicate is the fastest and cheapest way to
communicate.
 Provide all the types of information from educational to business.
 It has no limitations here everyone is enable to share their own
views.
 In the field of biotechnology and many other fields, is expanding
rapidly as well.
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30. REFERENCES
 K. Pradeep Sinha - Computer Fundamentals (page
number : 358-364), BPB Publications.
 K. Nitin Naik – Information Technology (page
number :219-250), Kamal Prakashan Indore.
 WWW.Wikipedia .Com and other online sources.
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THANK YOU