Energy Efficiency

Energy Efficiency
ENERGY EFFICIENCY: MISSIONS AND MEASURES INTRODUCTION Talking about the importance of energy efficiency measures in India, the
first thing that comes to the mind is JNNURM mission, a joint initiative by the Ministry Of Urban Employment and Poverty Alleviation and the
Ministry of Urban Development on behalf of the Government of India. But before going to the details of JNNURM mission it is important to first
understand the importance and need of Energy Efficiency in the Indian context. The need for Energy Efficiency reforms can be discussed under the
following headings:– 1) Need for Efficiency Enhancement:– There is an urgent need to take measures to enhance efficiencies in urban service
deliveries so that the problems arising out of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Strategies to implement the Mission:– The following strategies would be adopted to meet the objective of the mission 1) Preparing city development
plan:– Every city will have to formulate its City Development Plan(CDP) and indicate the policies, programmes and financing plans. 2) Preparing
projects :– The CDP would be used to indentify feasible projects the Urban Local Bodies /Parastatal bodies would be responsible for preparing
Detailed Project Reports(DPR) for undertaking projects in identified areas. It is essential that the project planning should optimize the life cycle cost
of project keeping in mind the O&M costs and their working conditions requirements in order to see JNNURM assistance projects to have to
demonstrate and ensure the life cycle cost over the planning period of the project. 3) Release and leveraging of funds:– Once the feasible project have
been identified and earmarked for implementation, funds would have to be arranged. It is expected that the funds allocated by the Central and the State
Government will flow through the assigned nodal agencies as grants–in–aid. These funds would be disbursed to the ULB/Parastatal agencies through
the designated State Level Nodal agencies. 4) Incorporating private Sector Efficiencies:– It is important to involve the private sector in this reform
program to ensure study progress and more efficient performances. This can be achieved by providing scope for Public
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Importance Of Energy Efficiency Essay
Energy efficiency is the goal to reduce the amount of energy used to provide products and services. Energy is wasted daily across the country due
to insufficient conservation. During the winter, heat escapes through poorly insulated and unsealed doors, windows, and attics. During the
summer, sunlight streams into the house, causing air conditioners to work harder and pump more air. Hallway lights and televisions are left on
overnight, wasting crucial energy. Each of these inefficiencies, while by themselves are very small, add up and waste our money and resources.
Energy efficiency is measured in many different ways. One of these ways is by performing an energy assessment, which is a series of tests on
your home to see where it's strengths and weaknesses are. The first major area to examine is insulation and air sealing. If a home is not properly
insulated, or if multiple cracks are not sealed, it could be losing heat or cooling. The second area to look at is space heating and cooling. Space
heating and cooling systems include thermostats and ductwork. Another area to look at is water heating. This is a very important part of a home's
makeup, since it supplies a home with all of the necessary water to run most household appliances, including showers and dishwashers. The next area
to check would be lighting and daylighting systems, like regular light fixtures and energy efficient light fixtures. Windows, doors, and skylights are
also other good places to

Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy
One thing is for certain, the cleanest and most inexpensive source of energy is the one that is inexhaustible and can also be naturally replenished and
readily produced. The next step would be to develop that type of renewable energy efficiently while also distributing it more effectively. The most
rational way to create and produce energy is to generate it renewably by utilizing naturally reoccurring resources. Perhaps, that is why energy efficiency
and renewable energy are gaining more and more attention from the largest names in the financial, energy, and industrial communities. Government,
manufacturers, and the consumer are all involved in the renovation of the energy system towards one that is cleaner and more proficient. According to
energy industry shareholders, it is the consumer that delegates that adjustment. Due to this enormous influence, consultants are seeking for government
to propose incentives to the consumer in order to surge the growth of renewable energy technologies (Bloomberg 2011).
As of now, the historical shifts in "new" renewable energy sources, as well as the growth potential of "old" renewable energy sources, such as
hydroelectric power, may suggest the adoption of new governmental policies and financing. These new policy adaptations may put a major emphasis
on the ecological and financial benefits of renewable energy. In recent years, the production of sustainable energy has provided a very prolific field of
research (Smil 2014).This mainframe

Political Power Of Energy Efficiency
Political Power in Energy Efficiency Energy, which has a bearing on both economic and national security, boasts its vital importance in that it gives
rise to the economic and social development of the whole world. Although the world teems with diverse energy, most of the energy that has been put
into application in our daily life or industrialized world is nonrenewable, with particular reference to the fossil fuels, which means once it has been run
out, it can never be reproduced. Moreover, conditions are getting worse as the increasing energy consumption caused by the high pace of the
development of industry and agriculture and the abuse of some energy, it seems that all nations to some extent have been stuck in the plight of energy...
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Political power can make a difference in arousing awareness of energy efficiency of the individuals. Even though common people are less exposed to
the storage and distribution of energy, after all, they are a large group of consumption. For example, according to the U.S. Energy Information
Administration, in 2012, the annual average electricity consumption for one U.S. household is 10,837 kWh. The residential electricity consumption
was more than 37 percent of the country's total consumption, compared to 26 percent for the industrial usage ("Summary Statistics for the United
States, 2002 – 2012"). However, if the political power enacts some policies or releases some norms and standards in energy efficiency, for sure most
of the individuals would be more concerned with their energy consumption and cater to the policies or norms and standards to make a difference in
energy efficiency for the sake of their own interests or national call. A individual's awakening awareness might be limited but the awakening awareness
of a majority of individuals is beyond our imagination. According to Ari Peskoe, "One individual's actions, like voting, protesting, or donating a small
amount to

Increasing The Efficiency Of Photovoltaic Panels By...
Increasing the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Panels by Trapping and Reflecting Light Energy Introduction: Objectives: To create a more reflective and
efficient photovoltaic roof panel in order to allow buildings with photovoltaic–panel roofs to meet LEED standards. Justification (need/specification):
This work is important as our carbon intake is much too high and if we are to reduce it so by 2050 we only have twice as much CO2 in the
atmosphere as we do now. At this point, we are due to have three times as much CO2 which is detrimental to a great percentage of Earth 's ecosystems
(Ex: the coral reefs will be extinct) (Powering the Planet: Nathan Lewis) and our general health. However, there are many efforts being taken to reduce
emission. LEED Standard buildings– buildings that use less water, energy, and to produce less waste; are becoming more widespread. In total, these
buildings have saved over a billion dollars in energy, about 1.5 million dollars in water, and about 5.4 million dollars in waste reduction (http:/
/leed.usgbc.org/leed.html?gclid=CNbk7PLXztACFc9ZhgodzPYJyw). However, these buildings have one problem: they are unable to have solar
paneled roofs because, in order for a building to meet LEED standards the building has to have a white roof. The design we are Acosta, Crawford 2
proposing could possibly solve that problem and increase the efficiency of photovoltaic lenses. Background: In the past there have been both mirrors
and lighter colors used for

Katie Ledecky : An Amazing Swimmer Essay
Katie Ledecky is an amazing swimmer and it is not because of genetics. Most people assume that Katie has an abnormal Vo2 max but this is not the
case. According to the article, "She has to have enormous lung capacity," mused Jack Roach, USA Swimming's consultant for athlete and coach
relations. "But we don't measure that. You don't really need to." This statement tells readers that for the events that Katie is competing in she does not
need a large lung capacity. Katie is not even a freakish athlete outside of the pool, it a well know joke by her supporting cast that she has no
characteristics of an elite athlete outside of the people. Katie supporting cast often joke around by calling her the best all–around athlete. Katie has the
heart of a champion and the mental strength of no other female athlete in her field, often being compared to male.
Katie perfection of unique mechanics is not common for female swimmers; the gallop is a technique that requires a lot of core strength that most
female swimmer does not have. Katie first was introduced to this stroke from the age range of 10–15, her coach watch many videos on the well
decorated Olympian Michael Phelps. Katie coach tells us, "it was more or less accidental: She was doing a drill where she was asked to reduce her
number of strokes per lap and had to lunge – or gallop – to reach the wall. He said, Ooh, that stroke looked really well; Let's try to hold that for a whole
125. But it was no accident, according to

Cost Efficiency And Actual Energy
Target 7.1 is largely measurable. Universal access to sustainable and modern energy can be measured by monitoring areas in the world where such
energy is unavailable. However, what is "affordable" is entirely subjective. What constitutes "affordable energy" is therefore impossible to measure in
general.
Since target 7.b is essentially an extension target 7.1 that includes sustainability of specific places, it is measurable similarly. It is simple to monitor
infrastructure development and sustainable energy technology improvement.
Target 7.2 is measurable similarly to target 7.1. Clearly, therenewable energy share in the global energy mix is measurable. However, what constitutes a
"substantial" increase is unspecified, which makes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How do we know whether it was indeed international cooperation that facilitated this access? As such, this target has limited measurability.
Current measurement of targets
Clearly, target 7.a is not currently measured besides the current degree of international cooperation on the subject.
Target 7.1 on the other hand, is currently measured. There are about 2.6 billion people in the world without dependable energy access ADDIN
EN.CITE Saygin201560(Saygin, Kempener, Wagner, Ayuso, & Gielen, 2015)606017Saygin, D.Kempener, R.Wagner, N.Ayuso, M.Gielen,
D.EnergiesEnergies5828–5865862015Jun1996–1073WOS:000357489700060://WOS:000357489700060http://www.mdpi.com/1996–1073/8/6/5828
/pdf10.3390/en8065828(Saygin, Kempener, Wagner, Ayuso, & Gielen, 2015). Also about 1.3 billion people do not have access to electricity ADDIN
EN.CITE Terrapon–Pfaff201464(Terrapon–Pfaff, Dienst, Konig, & Ortiz, 2014)646417Terrapon–Pfaff, J.Dienst, C.Konig, J.Ortiz, W.Renewable &
Sustainable Energy ReviewsRenewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews1–10402014Dec1364–0321WOS:000345473600001:/
/WOS:000345473600001http://ac.els–cdn.com/S1364032114006133/
1–s2.0–S1364032114006133–main.pdf?_tid=4117637a–66ea–11e5–8992–00000aab0f27&acdnat=1443559380_d3d89e222af1084f3893614c0714eac310.1
j.rser.2014.07.161(Terrapon–Pfaff, Dienst, Konig, & Ortiz, 2014).
Target 7.2 is also currently measured.

The Energy Efficiency Of Fossil Fuels Essay
INTRODUCTION "Every day we are paying more for energy than we should due to poor insulation, inefficient lights, appliances, and heating and
cooling equipment – money we could save by investing in energy efficiency", This is the words of Bernie Sanders, who was an American politician.
Fuel is the most indispensable thing that is utilized as a part of our everyday life. As we realize that the populace is expanding step by step it's seen
that the utilization of fuel is expanding even though we have to think about the energy efficiency as well as conservation. As aggregate people
continue to create and the confined measure of fossil fuels begin to diminish, it may not be possible to give the measure of imperativeness asked for
by the world by simply using fossil forces to change over essentialness. .There is data and eagerness today about the improvement and expanded
generation of our worldwide vitality needs from option vitality sources. Sun oriented vitality (Solar Electricity), wind control (Wind mill power) and
moving water (Hydro– Electricity) are all conventional wellsprings of option vitality that are gaining ground. The eagerness everybody offers for
these improvements has from various perspectives made a feeling of carelessness that our future vitality requests will effortlessly be met impressively
more unequivocally in the accompanying 20 years than in has in the past 30 years. Alternative sources is an intriguing idea when you consider it. In
our worldwide society,

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent,
intergovernmental and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states are Arab countries and it
aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the whole Arab region. It
collaborates –on regional basis– with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc. trying to achieve its
regional goals and objectives in a specific working areas. It works in specific areas: research and development, policies and regulations, capacity
development, private... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.2RCREEE's Approach The center developed KPIs or key performance indicators to keep an eye on the ac–complishment of its goals and objectives
and to measure the success of its different activities with the member states. These quantitative metrics and indicators are as–signed for each area of the
main five core results areas that help member states keep tracking, managing and benchmarking its local performance versus any other country in the
region or in the world (RCREEE, 2016c). The main five core impact areas are as following: 1.2.1Facts and Figures The center provides member states
with accurate facts and figures based on a high accurate analysis of data retrieved from accredited resources through a strong coop–eration and
partnerships with different local governorates. 1.2.2Institutions The center work closely with local institutions in the member states to unify the
tech–nical standards and frameworks of them which enable to decrease later on the costs of implementing new projects and make future research
more easier for analysis. 1.2.3People One of the main working areas of the center is the capacity building. The center work in this area intensively by
providing a wide range of activities such as trainings, semi–nars, workshops, internships etc. to maximize the potential of member states' people.
1.2.4Policies The center establish polices

Car Pollution Essay
The words pollution and automobile are synonymous, and as long as vehicles still use fossil fuels to run, that won't change. Consumers, communities,
and the environment are key stakeholders the auto industry has to consider when it comes to pollution. More energy–efficient, hybrid or electric
vehicles can increase customer satisfaction and add to the company's business performance. For instance, fuel consumption is an assumption of
performance and is very important for consumers. Thus, automotive companies have to come up with great designs with minimal consumption of
resources and raw materials; engines that give more mileage and less fuel consumption. Given that consumers are the most important stakeholders,
communities of these consumers also want vehicles with the lowest emissions possible with hopes of keeping the air around them clean and healthy.
Once again, these informal bands and communities of consumers have large amounts of power based on buying power alone, and can significantly
impact an automobile company's business.
A vehicle's environmental impact can be easily measured through miles per gallon and measures of emissions. In 2011, President Barrack Obama and
automobile companies agreed to raise fuel efficiency standards to meet an average of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. This will lead to more
fuel–efficient vehicles that will consume less gas, thus burning less fuel and emitting fewer emissions into the air. Also, according to the Obama
administration, this

Energy Efficiency and Sustaining Resources For the Future...
Energy Efficiency and Sustaining Resources For the Future
Do Americans or human beings as a whole need to be more energy cautious? I think we need to become better educated and make knowledgeable
decisions in how we use our energy and at what rate in which we use it. The brutal truth of the matter is that our resources of energy we are using
are not going to last forever. In the United States we consumed 94,231 trillion Btu during 1997. The state of New York alone used 4.24% of that total
energy, or about 4,000 trillion Btu of energy ("How much?", Internet). We need to move away from the excessive use of energy, especially energy
generated from fossil fuels. The main problem with fossil fuels is not that they are running ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Main Energy Goals:
In the beginning of every good plan, you have goals, something to work towards. In my energy plan I work towards four main goals. The first goal
that my energy plan contains is efficiency measures; one example being is the increase of fuel efficiency. This can be done by raising the miles per
gallon standards, or encourage design models for cars that are more efficient in gasoline use. Another efficiency measure is the introduction of
efficiency procedures people can take. Some examples: if they installed energy–efficient technologies, such as compact florescent light bulbs and
efficient appliances. One other method is to provide tax incentives for efficient new buildings and equipment. If the government offered tax credits for
the use of efficient equipment and building designs, this would bring immediate results in energy efficiency. One of the last ways I would like to
introduce efficiency is by strengthening energy–efficient standards on appliances and residential living.
The second of my four energy goals engages renewable energy. Wind power, when appropriately sited, can generate and provide massive amounts of
clean energy. This would be beneficial to the decrease offossil fuel use. Another source like, solar energy, can be implemented just about anywhere. It
is so abundant that

Green communication, emphasizing high energy efficiency in...
Green communication, emphasizing high energy efficiency in addition to traditional performance metrics such as spectral efficiency and bit error rate
[1]–[3], is becoming a mainstream in both academia and wireless communication industry. This is perhaps due to two reasons. First, with the increasing
demand for hand–held wireless devices and the related high quality of service (QoS) applications such as seamless world–wide network access, more
and more energy consumption gives rise to greenhouse gas emission and other environmental issues. Second, the slow growth in the capacity of the
wireless terminal batteries cannot meet the requirement of high energy consumption, making the battery disposal problem more critical. Therefore, the
high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The single relay scenario has been extended to the multiple relay case. A single–relay selection scheme from multiple SISO relays was proposed in
[10] to minimize the energy consumption of each data packet. In a tutorial article [11], some energy efficient approaches of MIMO techniques for the
enhanced IEEE 802.11a communications without using any relays have been reviewed. A randomized scheduling policy is proposed to pursue the high
energy efficiency in the point–to–point MIMO downlink channels using the singular value decomposition technique [12], which is then extended to
multi–user systems in [13]. For single–relay systems, several pieces of work are observed. For example, a lower bound of the energy efficiency
function is derived based on information theory in [14], a high energy efficient power allocation scheme is designed in [15]. The three–node relaying
system with each node having a single antenna, has been generalized by some researchers to multi–relaying systems, with an objective of obtaining
high energy efficiency. In [16], an analytical expression is derived for optimum power allocation design based on the minimization of per–bit energy in
point–to–point MIMO systems, where the performance of the derived minimum per–bit energy strategy is also analyzed. A joint cross–layer
cooperative technique has been developed to minimize the consumed energy [17]. In

Case Study : An Energy Efficiency Company On The Utility...
OPOWER is an energy efficiency company that provides a cloud–based software to the utility industry and their customers. They basically provide a
software which helps utilities engage their end–customers in ways that they can not only manage energy consumption but reduce it. When Ben Foster
(vice president of product) first arrived at OPOWER, the company was having issues with how to prioritize product features. Due to this issue, he
had been in the process of how to go about of the constant tension of whether to build custom functions in response to new customers, even if it meant
that they would have to accept highly priced requests of their new large and diverse accounts. This means that the company was put under a lot of
pressure because they didn't know whether if they should listen to new customers request in creating custom features even if costs the company
money. For this reason, Foster took the initiative to be vice president of product and tried to enforce some of his experiences with former tech
companies and introduce them to OPOWER. He's worked hard trying to find a beneficial system would solve the problem of product management and
engineering.
Before Foster worked at OPOWER, he had quite of a lot of experience from working with other tech companies. He's worked at a few tech companies
such as Barra, eBay, Webvan, and ThoughtWorks where he held many product management positions. For instance, Foster gained some experience
from working with eBay by touching

Essay about A Solution to Foreclosure
A Solution to Foreclosure The current issue of home foreclosure is based off of a long series of bad loans to people who were not able pay those
debts off. Based on nightly news reports over the past year, it appears that the majority of these foreclosures are on very modest homes. My solution to
this problem is to invest in those homes using green technology. President Obama has been a strong proponent of weatherizing homes. Simple
additions such as a rubber strip under the front door and a sealant around windows can lower air conditioning and heating costs tremendously. These
things are cheap and easy to buy, and can reduce homeowner's electric bills. In the state of Florida in 2006, only 1,315 households were reported to ...
With government support, this could be changed. Using a government subsidy, many more people will be able to afford to install solar panels. This
subsidy would be directed towards middle and lower income households who may be in danger of foreclosure. The energy generated by those solar
panels that are not used by house can be sent back to the power grid. Instead of the homeowner receiving the benefits of that excess energy, the funds
will go back to the government subsidy to pay for more solar panels, and so on.
Solar panels and other green technology require someone to manufacture them. As a person invests in green technology, they also invest in creating
more jobs. One of the leading causes of foreclosure is job loss. By investing in green technology, jobs can be created that require minimal training,
which people at risk of foreclosure can be easily trained to perform. In the 1930's, President Franklin Roosevelt created a large number of construction
programs in order to boost the nation's economy. His goal had two parts: to improve the quality of the country and to create jobs. While our national
unemployment has not reached the same level as it did during the Great Depression, it is hard to argue the effectiveness of this strategy.
Based on a variation of the theory of supply and demand, if people take a

Energy Efficiency Advancements
Mankind has endeavored to unearth the secrets of the universe since dawn of time. We have strived for each and every innovation. We progress onward
working to enhance the things around us whether it is through power, speed or intelligence. However, I posit Nikola Tesla to be correct when he stated,
" If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration." This demonstrates an understanding of the potential
that can be uncovered through advancements encompassing not only energy, but also sound waves and oscillations. The research conducted by these
scientific areas will impact future innovations for generations. Furthermore, with the expanding challenges upcoming generations will be facing we
must continue to further ourselves, progressing to a phase in time where a balance can be established between technology, humanity and our
environment. When looking at various evolutions of technology and improvements on past inventions plumbing is a good example of our prolonged
efforts towards energy efficiency and environmental safety. For example, 8000 B.C. Scotland provides evidence of the first development towards
reliable indoor plumbing. Additionally, this piping not only removed unwanted wastes it conveyed clean water back to the community through pipes
and troughs. Additional evidence can be found in Iraq, modern Pakistan, and Crete, all created between the years 4000–2000 B.C. These nations each
exhibited growth

A Project On A Company 's Energy Efficiency Profile Within...
A1. Reasons
The IT Consolidation project is being initiated, and requires your support to be successful. The main scope of the approved project is to consolidate
the IT infrastructure of Fresno, CA into the Chicago, IL location. This will require moving all application servers, backup hardware and network
connections to Chicago. There will also be a possibility of relocating employees to Chicago.
This project would standardize AEnergy's IT infrastructure to a much more cost efficient model. AEnergy would benefit from cost savings, redundancy
standardizations.
The key reason behind the project is the fact that AEnergy's current IT infrastructure is heavily over invested in its current design and needs to be
brought up to industry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Status reports should include high level information such as budget, risks, milestones and status. If requested, specifics should be readily available.
Emails of other reports should also be sent to Sabelle Arnold. Specific details of each project step status is not to be sent as she is at the highest level
of the company
Planned Component –
Sabelle is required to be involved as she is the person within the company who has the most power and authority. Sabelle can direct others to be
involved with the project at high levels. Without Sabelle's blessing of the project, the project is dead.
Planned Component –
Sabelle needs to be involved also from a financial perspective. While the Operations Manager has responsibilities to finance the project, Sabelle has the
final signoffs for the project.
Internal Stakeholder #2: IT Manager – Planned Components
Stakeholder Internal 2
Name: Cameron Kern
Position: IT Manager
Cameron Kern is IT manager for AEnergy, and is responsible for all of the IT infrastructure and services. Cameron Kern reports to Sabelle Arnold.
Cameron Kern should be involved with all decision making with the project as it deals with the area that he is responsible for.
All content should be sent to Cameron Kerns unless specifically requested not to be sent.

Face to Face meetings which will occur monthly, will include status reports pertaining to the project. Status reports should include high level

Improving The Accessibility, Quality, And Efficiency Of...
By 2030, the 7th UN Sustainable Development Goal aims to improve the accessibility, quality, and efficiency of energy. While some of the targets
are clearly defined, others use ambiguous terms, making them not truly measureable. Firstly, terms used in targets 7.1, 7.2, and 7.b are not clearly
defined, making them not truly measurable. Being able to provide a service universally, implies that every person worldwide should have access to
the service. This is neither reasonable nor measureable. The term 'affordable' is not clearly defined, therefore not measurable. Affordability differs
depending on economic status. With over 13% of the world's population below the poverty line, the definition of affordable varies and therefore needs
to be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also deals with the sociopolitical sphere, which makes it inherently complex to measure. For each target, different indicators of progress and metrics
for measuring these indicators vary which makes them truly immeasurable because of how inaccurate they may be.
Part 2
The targets are measured globally, but not absolutely. If we were able to truly measure these targets, there would not be controversy over the data.
While the UN insists that the plan for eradicating poverty is on track, other studies suggest that the rate at which poverty is declining is not as rapid
as is necessary (Reddy 485). For 7.1, it was measured that there are 1.4 billion people without access to electricity as well over 2.7 billion people that
depend on dangerous sources of energy in 2010 (IEA). It was also found that the methods of measuring accessibility of energy are inaccurate, but
"SE4All is planning to use a multi–tier metric for measuring access to electricity ("Indicators and a Monitoring Framework.")". The metrics for
evaluating the global energy mix for 7.2 are also being improved upon and improvement of global renewable energy is monitored closely (IEA).
Research shows the annual target rate for improving modern renewable energy is twice as much as what our actual growth rate is (World Bank). For
7.3, the rate at which global energy efficiency is improving is increasing, but not at the ideal rate. In fact, the current $400 billion in investments per year

Quality Control Of Car Emission Efficiency
QUALITY CONTROL OF CAR EMISSION EFFICIENCY
1. Introduction
Energy efficiency of vehicles have become one of the most fundamental issue for modern trade, business life and environment. Even though the zero
emission systems hast still progress, it is plausible to enlarge the fuel efficient vehicles with application of quality assurance practices. The idea behind
this is particularly true for the companies which is related to transportation, where even small difference can save considerable amount of money.
Moreover, in the fuel economy website, it is mentioned that the fuel economy predicts the fuel economy tags and to calculate a producer 's corporate
average fuel economy (CAFE) is received from car when the testing is done at EPA 's National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor
which is in Michigan, and by whole car producers who sent their own data to EPA. Every year, EPA supplies car efficiency data to the Internal Revenue
Service (IRS), the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Department of Energy (DOE) with this way they can manage their car efficiency which
is associated with programs. (http://www.fueleconomy.gov). Many companies have many instructions in order to inform the costumers aboutfuel
efficiency. However, on the other hand, none of these companies are certain on a particular car. That causes less motivation on drivers because they
encounter with something mindboggling. Therefore, we will use the quality assurance and quality tools which

Improvements Of The Energy Efficiency For Cloud Computing
University of Waterloo
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Improvements of the Energy Efficiency for Cloud Computing Self Study
Yuhan Wu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Introduction
Nowadays, with the development of technology, the demand for high speed computing for the computers increases significantly. Cloud computing is
the most emphasized Information and Communications Technology (ICT) which can effectively implement high speed computing [1]. Most common
products that people used in their daily life such as cloud drive and Google search are based on cloud computing, therefore it is necessary to ... Show
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The high rotation speed will cause not only the dramatic increase of temperature but also the loud noise. The low energy efficiency of HDDs is
due to the heat loss which is caused by high temperature, and the friction in mechanical content of discs and air. As for the SSD, the data will be
stored in the flash chip through the channel of transistors, so it does not require rotating [4]. It can save a massive range of energy which HDDs
will lose when HDDs are rotating. It is extremely energy efficient to use SSDs in ICT equipment because the demand for writing or reading data is
increasing dramatically. The drawback is that the price of SSDs is much higher than that of HDDs, so the SSD is difficult to be widely used until the
price is reasonable. In addition, improving the energy efficiency of cooling system is also effective [5]. To be specific, it is important to use
"right–sizing" cooling system, which can automatically adjust the power of cooling system [5]. The temperature for ICT equipment is variable,
therefore the cooling system can increase the power while the temperature is high. On the contrary, the cooling system can decrease the power while
the temperature is low. To successfully implement "right–sizing" cooling system, the data center operators should take additional methods to measure
the temperature [5]. Thirdly, the energy efficiency ofserver processors is also helpful for reducing energy consumption

Survey Of Technologies : Energy Efficiency
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES
ENERGY EFFICIENCY:–
1 Energy efficiency is one of important key factor in designing a wireless sensor network system. Large energy consumption will affect the lifetime of
the sensor networks.
2 Clustering is an important method for increase the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor network system. The sensor network is divided into
clusters.
3 In the first step the sensor nodes sense the physical parameter under consideration and collected data are sent to the cluster head. During second
phase the cluster head forwards the data to the base station in a single hop or multi–hop manner.
4 Two types of energy consumptions are associated with a CH, inter cluster and intra cluster energy consumption. The energy reduction during receiving
and aggregating the data from the cluster members is known as intra cluster energy consumption.
2.1 Energy–efficient Routing Algorithms:–
Energy efficient routing algorithm can be categorized as follows: data centric routing algorithm, location based routing algorithm and hierarchical
routing algorithm . Data centric routing algorithm uses meta data to find the route from source to destination before any actual data transmission to
eliminate redundant data transmission Location based routing algorithm requires actual location information for every sensor node. Hierarchical routing
algorithm divides the network into clusters. Cluster head (CH) is elected in

Make Your Garage Door More Energy Efficiency
How To Make Your Garage Door More Energy Efficient
If you're looking to improve the energy efficiency of your home so you can cut your monthly power bill, don't forget about your garage. If you use it as
a workspace or game room, you'll want to make sure it is well insulated so your portable heater or air conditioner won't have to work as hard. One
important step is to insulate your garage door since it is a likely source of air leaks. Here's what you need to know about making your garage door more
energy efficient.
Insulate An Existing Door
If you don't want to buy a new door, you can add insulation to your current garage door. An easy way to do this is with foam board. Foam board is
light so it won't add much weight to your door. The boards slide into the panels of your garage door and create an air pocket that acts as insulation to
keep cold air outside and warm air inside. You could also attach fiberglass insulation or another insulating material, but you have to be aware of how
much weight you add to the door, so you don't cause it to malfunction. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It will look much better than DIY insulation because the insulation is hidden inside the door. Since weight is taken into account when the door is
made, superior forms of insulation can be used. For instance, some insulated doors have spray foam inside them, which is the same type of insulation
used in the walls of modern homes. If you want the best insulation possible, choose a door with a high R–value. The R–value is a rating for thermal
resistance, and it indicates how well the door will insulate your garage.
Apply Weatherstripping And

While energy efficiency helps save money at home, it also helps businesses, cities, state, and the federal government save on a much larger scale.
Overall, energy efficiency is saving the American government, its citizens, and businesses more than $500 billion a year in energy costs. Efficiency
saving money, energy efficiency projects like building improvements and infrastructure repairs create jobs. According to http://www.ase.org/resources
/top–5–reasons–be–energy–efficient, "In 2010 alone, energy efficiency accounted for more than 830,000 jobs nationwide."
Industry and Government makes energy–efficient decisions and policy, that lead to standards among manufacturers. For instance, standards that started
in 2012 requiring light bulbs to be at least 25% more energy efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs. From LED street lights to, dimmable CFLs,
energy–efficient lights are just as pleasing to the eye as the old bulbs, but, use far less energy. In 2016, the average annual electricity consumption for a
U.S. residential utility customer was 10,766 kilowatt hours (kWh), an average of 897 kWh per month.
Significant efficiency improvements have been made for all major appliances, but an increase in the total number of consumers has offset the efficiency
gains of the individual products. Air conditioning standards have increased the efficiency of individual units, but many more homes now have air
conditioning. Newer homes are built with more efficient features, but

Energy Efficiency Of A Building
Abstract.
Energy efficiency in the building sector during the past decade has been a priority of the European Union, and many measures have been taken to
establish a building 's energy and to reduce emissions in the environment. Buildings because of their high internal gains, especially for heating and for
cooling have characteristically high consumption ability. Furthermore, the intermittent schedule in the early morning hours to heat or cool–down space
is needed with more energy and consumption. Building envelope and use energy audits and thermal modelling as a result of the demand for energy and
the consumption profile of a building, is presented. Through energy audit process and the electrical and fuel consumption were measured by ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of environmental building design to a comfortable interior environment creates energy savings. Comfortable climate for successful design
of buildings depends on a proper understanding. Climate–energy building design in a clear and where it needs to be stressed, climate relative to
visualize designs should be possible to compare.
Thermal performance of the building envelope design is a key issue in building energy consumption that impact directly on indoor thermal comfort, and
durability of the envelope. A translucent and glazed curtain walls have two different areas characterized by having to be glazed facades that are
lightweight. Thermal transmittance U–factor or vision and spandrel areas R– value of the thermal resistance, and overall U–factor or R–value of the
curtain walls usually is specific to the individual. To achieve good overall thermal performance, vision and spandrel contributed both. Curtain wall
spandrel panels in the project to improve the thermal performance of materials and technology. Thermal performance of a building is determined by a
number of factors. The best known element in the fabric of the building materials used (i.e. floors, walls, roof) is the insulation value. The U–value of
the property as most of us knows. Better U–value is low. U–value of a property to 0 (hypothetical) is reached when energy lost (heat) will prevent.
Different heat exchange processes between a building and the external environment are possible. These are

Energy Efficiency Comparison Between Hydraulic Hybrid And...
I am assessing a journal article entitled: Energy efficiency comparison between hydraulic hybrid and hybrid electric vehicles. The journal article was
published by Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, on May 26, 2015. Author Jia–Shiun Chen from the Department of Vehicle Engineering at
National Taipei University of Technology, submitted the journal on March 4, 2015. The purpose of this journal article is to inform the outcomes and
results of an experiment done at the National Taipei University of Technology. The experiment compared seven different types of hybrid vehicles in a
combination of electric, hydraulic, and internal combustion engine or no combination at all. The main question being addressed is which combination is
more energy efficient. The journal article was not focused to a main group, but can appeal to engineers, investors, vehicle companies, and consumers.
The journal article was written at an engineering level which included many equations, graphs and tables which may confuse the average consumer and
investor.
The journal article is well formatted and well organized including descriptive titles and subtitles while having a coherent development. The abstract
section of the journal enticed the reader with a typical argument against the

J.b. Hunt Transport Services, Inc.
The company that we will be covering is J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc. JB Hunt is a transportation company, primarily trucking, that is based in
Lowell, Arkansas and was founded in 1961. The company has 16,000 employees, with 12,000 trucks, and 47,000 trailers in operation; they offer their
transportation services to Canada, Mexico, and the continental United States. We chose J.B. Hunt because they are leading innovators in green
transportation by using environmentally friendly fuel, reducing empty miles, training drivers to drive in a fuel–efficient manner, and a myriad of other
green innovations (J.B. Hunt, 2015). J.B. Hunt's innovations have made them one of the most competitive transportation companies in the nation (J.B.
Hunt, 2015). Compared to their competitors, they have the same amount of drivers, but bring in double the profit margins. Among their extensive list
of awards and honorable recognitions are included the Most Innovative Third Party Service Provider from Voluntary Interindustry Commerce
Solutions, one of America's Most Admired Companies from Fortune Magazine, Top 500 Greenest Big Companies in America from Newsweek
Magazine, and Top 100 Companies for Employee Training from Training Magazine. They have been leaders in developing environmentally friendly
forms of product transportation and many companies have adopted their progressive methods (J.B. Hunt, 2015).
J.B. Hunt has developed Cool Transport, "an industry–first carbon–neutral transportation

Ecological Economics Vs. Welfare Economics Essay
Ecological Economics vs Neoclassicial Welfare Economics
In the past, economic school of thought regarded the resources as unlimited and focused on more production under the light of the unlimited growth
assumption. Every economic action was suggested to only consider about making more profit. While the economy and the human population are
growing; more natural resources are used and more pollution is observed. Human become to deal with the results of its production such as
enviromental problems and resource scarcity. A debate has emerged ineconomics and the mainstream economics is brought into question since its
unlimited growth assumption is collapsed. Ecological economists argues the neoclassical welfare economics for ignoring the enviromental and ethic
values by only focusing on the cost–benefit analysis. It also claims that the neoclassical economics fails to calculate the value of the enviromental
capital and the loss of the economic activities on the environment. This paper is going to explain the problems with the neoclassical welfare economics
and the alternatives offered by the ecological economics in terms of economic growth and environment.
The neoclassical welfare economics explains the economic production and behaviour by using the mainstream terms of economic literature.
Specifically, it focuses on the Pareto efficieny and suggests two theorems related to it. Firstly, the Pareto efficieny is stated by maximisation of
preferences under a restricted budget and

Essay on Fuel Economy in American Automobiles
Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental
devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers
money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into
making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer. During the late 1900's,
fuel efficiency was given very little thought by automakers. Instead, they competed with each other by coming out with larger and more powerful ...
The first law that was passed to enforce this was the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which was passed by Congress in 1975. This law established a
Corporate Average Fuel Economyprogram, commonly known as the CAFE program, and it required automakers to drastically increase the fuel
efficiency of their vehicles. Consequently, by 1985, the average fuel efficiency of automobiles had risen to 27.5 miles per gallon, which is very
close to what it is today (Bezdek 132,133). Because CAFE did not change the fuel efficiency standard until years later, by the early 1980's most
automakers had met the fuel efficiency that was required for their automobiles, so they started to pay more attention to the size and power of their
vehicles. Instead of building cars with better gas mileage each year, they built their cars bigger and with more power, while keeping the fuel
efficiency just high enough so that it met CAFE standards. Accordingly, the gas mileage of vehicles has not increased significantly since the 1980's
(Bezdek 133). In fact, the average fuel efficiency of new passenger vehicles steadily declined from the 1980's until 2004. This was due to the loopholes
which car manufacturers found in the CAFE standards. CAFE treated "light trucks" much more leniently than cars, and allowed them to have
considerably less fuel efficiency than cars. This caught the attention of car manufacturers, who then looked at how CAFE defined a light truck. They

Benefits and Methods of Achieving Home Energy Efficiency
Achieving Home Energy Efficiency: The achievement of home energy efficiency is a process that basically entails the reduction of unnecessary energy
consumption, lessening the emissions of greenhouse gases, and lowering the demands of non–renewable energy resources. Such efforts are taken to
ensure energy efficiency, which in turn provides healthier living conditions and resulting in considerable money savings. Furthermore, the achievement
of home energy efficiency is beneficial to the nation because it promotes cleaner air and a healthier living environment. Through these initiatives, the
nation can effectively protect the climate from diverse effects by lowering greenhouse gases. While there are various measures suggested for reducing
energy use, homeowners can be involved in the process by embracing energy–efficient initiatives in daily practices. Energy–efficient processes at home
include behavioral changes, managing electrical appliances efficiently, investing in home weatherization, and education. Behavioral Measures:
Behavioral measures towards achieving home energy efficiency can be described as the necessary lifestyle changes that an individual should take.
The first process in the behavioral approach towards energy efficiency is to identify any energy loss taking place through conducting an inspection
(Tremblay, 2012). The inspection will help in identifying the problem areas for inefficient energy use or loss and prioritizing these areas based on the

Adjusting to the Policy of Energy Efficiency: Hybrid Cars...
New technology has been emerging to help the environment. There have been many different inventions created in order to help protect our planet
and to help people be more efficient with using energy. A popular invention is hybrid cars. The question is should consumers invest in buying one?
Many people know about hybrid cars, but many people don't know exactly how they work, therefore they find no interest in investing to buy one.
Hybrid cars are extremely different than a gasoline car. Gasoline cars run off only gasoline, which produces more pollution that goes into the air. A
gasoline–electric car, which uses both systems of gasoline powered and electric powered cars, emits less pollution into the air (Nice). Many people
find it to be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hybrid cars are built with a smaller body for a reason. Due to aerodynamic drag, (which is the work the engine does pushing through the air) the
body of the car is smaller, which doesn't make the engine work as hard to move (Ajava). The tires of hybrid cars are designed to create less of a
drag on the road, making a smoother and more fuel efficient ride (Nice). When purchasing a hybrid car, there are two different types of hybrids.
One is a parallel hybrid, and the other is a series hybrid. A parallel hybrid's fuel tank and gasoline engine are connected to the transmission. In the
parallel hybrid the electric motor and gasoline engine adds more force power. The difference with a series hybrid is the engine is not connected to
the drive train of the car. The engine in a series hybrid doesn't turn the wheels when one pushes on the gas; instead it stores energy into the batteries
which the electric motor uses (Ajava). Although there are many advantages in purchasing a hybrid car, many people can also find hybrid cars to be
more dangerous. With the car being made out of lighter materials, if ever in an accident, a person can be severely injured. Even though hybrid cars
have smaller tires, during bad weather conditions it can be harder to control the vehicle. Another major concern consumers may have is to trust that by
using alternative energy in cars, it will help them save money. Energy

While energy efficiency helps you save money while at home, it also helps businesses, cities, state, and federal governments save on a much bigger
scale. Saving billions: Overall, energy efficiency is saving the American government, its citizens, and businesses more than $500 billion a year in
avoided energy costs. Creating jobs: In addition to saving money, energy efficiency projects (like building improvements and infrastructure repairs)
create jobs. In 2010 alone, energy efficiency accounted for more than 830,000 jobs nationwide.
Spurring innovation: Industry leaders make energy–efficient innovations, and energy–efficient policies lead to breakthroughs among manufacturers.
For instance, standards that started in 2012 requiring light bulbs to be at least 25% more energy efficient than traditional incandescent bulbs, helped to
create an array of new lighting products. From LED streetlights to flame–shaped, dimmable candelabra CFLs, energy–efficient lights are just as
pleasing to the eye as the old bulbs, but, use far less energy. In 2016, the average annual electricity consumption for a U.S. residential utility customer
was 10,766 kilowatt hours (kWh), an average of 897 kWh per month.
Significant efficiency improvements have been made for all major appliances, but an increase in the total number of consumers has offset the efficiency
gains of the individual products. Air conditioning standards have increased the efficiency of individual units, but many more homes

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent,
intergovernmental regional policy think tank and not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states
are Arab countries and it aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member states countries and the
whole Arab region. It col–laborates –on regional basis– with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc.
trying to achieve its regional goals and objec–tives in a specific working areas. It works in specific areas: research and develop–ment, policies and
regulations, capacity development, private investment promotion and technical assistance. RCREEE setup is sponsored and financed by the member
state contributions, GIZ, DANIDA and NREA (RCREEE, 2016a). 1.1Vision and Mission RCREEE has very ambitious vision and mission that
inspire a lot of stakeholders who cooperate with RCREEE to achieve a more sustainable region (RCREEE, 2016b). The vision and mission statements
respectively are: "The energy systems in the Arab region are characterized by a significant share of renewable resources and a highly–efficient use of
energy." "To initiate regional policy dialogues and promote strategies and partnerships favora–ble to renewable energy and energy efficiency
investments in the Arab member states." As

America Must Invest in Energy Efficiency Essays
America Must Invest in Energy Efficiency
In recent years our country has had many debates over what must be done to lessen the amount of oil that our country consumes. It is well known that
we need to make some type of change to help not only the environment, but also lessen our reliance on imported oil. President Bush recently announced
his new plan that could someday greatly reduce that amount of oil that Americans use by replacing oil with hydrogen fuel cells. Although this plan is a
step in the right direction, it is not the answer. There are far too many downsides that could actually hurt our country in thelong run. One problem is that
the plan proposed by Bush will take far too long before any changes will be seen. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
. If cars were required to run on 55 miles per gallon, the U.S. would save about five million barrels per day. This alone is about seven times the
amount of oil that was imported from Iraq alone last year (Kennedy 11). All major auto companies can already make cars that run on seventy miles
per gallon; meaning that Clinton's goal was nearly reached. However, because funding is being cut by the new plan, these cars will most likely
never be available in the large market. We do need to someday totally end our reliance on oil, especially in cars, but why stop funding a plan that
would have an immediate effect? Money is simply being wasted due to the fact that millions of dollars were spent on a plan that is being ended
because funding is suddenly being spent on new areas of research. We need to continue funding Clinton's plan even if we do start more research in
hydrogen fuel cells.
A second major problem with the plan is not easy to see at first. You must look much closer at what types of research is being done. There are two
ways that hydrogen fuel cells can be made. One is by a reaction with oxygen. These cells are about 70% efficient and the only emissions are water
vapor. The second way it by using oil or coal to make the cells. These cells are about 33% efficient and release harmful emissions into the atmosphere
(Abelson 1469). I feel that we should fund research into using oxygen as opposed to fossil fuels when making hydrogen

Advantages Of Compact Cities
Gordon & Richardson and Ewing raise different arguments in regards to different elements of compact cities and sprawls. These arguments are based
on their respective views and literature reviews that raises questions on the environmental friendliness, economic efficiency, social equity and the place
of technology on future development of cities. Gordon and Richardson arguments propose sprawls instead of compact cities. Although most planners
advocate for compact cities, they are convinced that compact cities are not always beneficial in the long run. Gordon and Richardson argue that auto
costs in compact cities are still higher than in suburbs even with the short distances found in compact cities (Gordon & Richardson 98). The average
dweller in the compact city travels more than the one in the sprawls which exposes the environment to risks from pollutions. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this case, compact cities are considered more leaned to environmental conservation than sprawls. Due to closeness between the cities and service
providers like schools, offices and shopping complexes, there is lower car dependency due to the reduced trip distance. Most people prefer to cycle to
work as compared to driving. In this case, there are lower emissions to the environment that reduces pollution. Development of compact cities helps to
free wetlands, water resources and encourages development of open spaces that can be converted to agricultural land. According o Ewing, loss of
environmental sensitive land is five times greater in suburban sprawls than in compact cities (Ewing

Fuel for Thought Essay
Fuel for Thought
Should our government regulate the fuel economies of our automobiles or should this be left up to the market? The Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency
(CAFE) standards that were implemented in the 1970s contributed to great improvements in vehicle fuel economies. While we have environmental and
political reasons to want cars with better fuel efficiency, there are also costs involved. The declining fuel economies of the last fifteen years seem to
reveal that many Americans are not willing to bear these costs. Still, the vehicles that we drive today may be a misrepresentation of our true values. We
may value environmental quality and/or independence from foreign oil, but sometimes our individual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The huge number of SUV drivers probably influenced Congress's decisionto reject a proposal for new CAFE standards, in 2003. The plan "wouldhave
required the auto industry to produce a fleet of cars, trucks and sportutility vehicles that averaged 36 miles per gallon by2015"(Mateja, F8).
There are three main reasons for the desire to increase vehicle fuel efficiency. First, the United States does not want to be dependent on foreign oil in
case of wars or other conflicts. Furthermore, oil is a limited resource. As Steven Plotkin points out, "Light–duty vehicles...account for about 40 percent
of U.S. oil consumption" (25). While estimates vary on how long oil will last, no on argues that it can last forever. Whatever cuts we make in energy
use today can help ensure a better future. Finally, a car that consumes more fuel per mile will produce morepollution than another, assuming they both
travel the same distance and arein similar mechanical conditions. U.S. citizens have become increasinglyconcerned about smog and the possibility of
global warming. As majorusers ofenergy and producers of pollution, our vehicles are good candidatesfor reform.
The CAFГ‰ standards helped to promote technological change, specifically improved engines and computerized controls ("Another Cup...", 1), but
there are also other ideas for reducing gasoline consumption. One idea is to increase fuel taxes. Increasing fuel prices would decrease driving and

Energy Efficiency Of Energy
Every minute of every day, valuable data is collected about energy consumption at the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE) headquarters in Atlanta. This data is accessible to researchers around the world, allowing them to monitor performance of the
building's resource–conserving systems and extract data for further study.
ASHRAE, the international oversight organization for the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) industry, completed a $6.2 million
renovation of its 30,000–square–foot headquarters in 2008, creating a sustainability showcase to promote renewable energy, water efficiency, indoor
and outdoor environmental quality and, above all, highlight the energy efficiency of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
VRF manufacturer Daikin disputes the findings reported by HIA. ASHRAE isn't formally endorsing one technology over the other, though the data is
available online for review by industry professionals.
While there is growing interest among consulting engineers, contractors and building owners to adopt new HVAC technologies such as VRF, a lack
of performance data should temper acceptance of manufacturer efficiency claims. The concern over sparse data has been noted in a number ofpapers
on VRF, including this 2012 report prepared by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory for the U.S. General Services Administration: "Surprisingly,
despite the long history with VRF technology in Europe, Japan and elsewhere, the U.S. research community has not found useful research on VRF
from these places. While some general literature is available about these systems, there is a lack of critical evaluation of actual field energy
performance."
In addition to strong mixed views on efficiency, a number of perceptions exist among industry professionals on the advantages and disadvantages of
VRF systems, driven in large part by aggressive marketing and education campaigns by VRF manufacturers.
Key areas of differentiation between the two types of HVAC systems are outlined as follows, along with important considerations for those who
influence system selections.
Evaluate the costs
Costs of VRF systems are

Energy efficiency is essential to provide citizens with...
Energy efficiency is essential to provide citizens with functioning electricity and fuel. The energy I would use to fuel my city is hydroelectric
because its pros and cons outweigh the pros and cons of solar, coal, wind, and nuclear energy. The most efficient energy source for my city is
hydroelectric energy. Hydroelectric energy is the most efficient for many reasons. Hydroelectric energy's power fuel is water, which does not give off
harmful chemicals or waste in the air or water; keeping our planet very clean. Hydroelectric energy also has constant power. Its power is generated by
moving water. Water is constantly moving. After hydroelectric plants are produced their energy can produce electricity very cheaply. Hydroelectric
plants can... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would not choose solar energy for my city for many reasons. Solar panels still gives off pollution produced as a result of manufacturing,
transportation, and installation. The production of energy is rather noisy from the use of fuels. Solar energy can only be used during daylight hours.
Bad weather can decrease the efficiency of solar energy. Modern solar panels are only around 20% efficient. The initial investment of solar cells is
extremely high. Solar energy has too many cons to be the best possible source of energy.
Coal is also a very destructive source of energy, and is definitely not the supreme source. Coal is a non–renewable resource. Coal creates the most CO2
in the environment. This destroys the ozone layer and leads to many climate problems. CO2 is toxic at concentrations above 5 percent. Coal is also
the largest contributor to global warning. Coal causes mass destruction of the environment around coal mines. Coal mining is the 2nd highest emitter
of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Coal mining has high levels of radiation. Coal plants energy sources release the more radiation than any other
energy source! Wind power is a very inconsistent energy source. The wind is unsteady and unpredictable. Wind power is quite expensive and hard to
manage. Both residents and commercials companies must pay for the expensive power wind turbines provide. Wind farms are located in rural areas
and sometime form now no

Importance Of Energy Efficiency Essay
Energy Efficiency
Humans today are using much more electricity than we need to in our houses and this is impacting our world more then we realise. Although
electricity is a huge advantage to humans it has the complete opposite effects on our environment. By using more electricity, we are using more of the
earth's resources and if we keep going down this road then we are going to run out. The solution for this mass overuse of energy is to build houses
which are more energy efficient. Features like LED lightbulbs, insulating and even positioning your house in the correct position for natural airflow
instead of using air conditioning are all ways we can help improve this problem.
What does energy efficiency mean?
"Energy efficiency means using less energy to provide the same service." An example of this is where a LED lightbulb uses less electrical energy than
a traditional incandescent lightbulb to produce the same amount of light. The phrase 'energy efficiency' can also be described as any kind of
energy–saving measure. (1)
How is electricity made?
In 1831, scientist Michael Farday discovered the first form of electricity. He found that when a magnet moved inside a copper coil it created what is
known as an electric current. This invention is known as a turbine generator. Even today, in full sized power stations this simple invention is still used
and works very effectively. These power stations create mass amounts of energy to turn the turbines. Most of the time the energy is made from the heat,
for example when coal is burned. More environmentally friendly power stations use wind or flowing water to turn these turbines. This is known as
renewable energy because it will not run out, unlike when oil and coal are used.(3)
How does the use of electricity impact our world?
Environmental Affects
Although humans use electricity for almost everything we do, we don't realise that this is harming our environment in many ways. The production of
electricity is causing a major loss of the earth's natural resources such as:
–Loss of coal and natural gases
–Deforestation for mining (loss of trees)
–Loss of habitat for rare and threatened species
Another environmental issue resulting from the production of electricity

Efficiency of Tidal Energy in the UK
Introduction The report will investigate the efficiency of tidal energy in the UK. With fossil fuel reserves declining and the increasing threat from
climate change has resulted in the emergence of the renewable energy market. This has led to significant tidal energy potential being identified in
the UK, in particular Scotland, Cornwall and Wales, that offer prospect of building large scale turbine farms or barrages to harness tidal energy.
New research has indicated that the UK is severely underestimating the amount of energy that could be generated from tidal sources and that a tidal
barrage would be expected to generate 15% of the UK's electricity needs, according to the BBC, (2013). While other forms of renewable energy
such as wind and solar power, have a lot of media attention because of there accomplishments. Tidal energy has not seen nearly as much, this is due
to tidal energy only recently being developed into a commercially viable technology and so has not yet proven its worth or potential. With the use of
a literature review, this paper will attempt to uncover tidal energy's potential in terms of a viable renewable energy. From the literature review, a
methodology, aim, research question and objectives will be set in order to achieve the answer. The Importance of Renewable Energy The need of
renewable energy is becomingly increasingly important to the UK as the reliance on imported fossil fuels becomes more risky as regions of the
Middle East and

A Report On Energy Efficiency
Abstract: Energy efficiency (EE) is an important objective in uplink wireless communications due to the limited capacity of batteries in user
equipment (UE). Consider the scenario in which the access point (AP) serves a subset of UEs when available resources cannot support all of the UEs'
quality–of–service (QoS) requirements. In this project, propose a scheduling metric to balance the tradeoff between EE and fairness. Based on the
scheduling metric, propose a suboptimal joint scheduling and resource allocation algorithm and a power allocation algorithm that maximizes the system
EE. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a good tradeoff between the system EE and fairness.
I.INTRODUCTION The booming demand for wireless applications and the relatively low battery capacity in UE puts a premium on achieving high
EE. With the growing popularity of green communications, EE is becoming increasingly important. Previous work on energy–efficient resource
allocation in OFDMA systems has mainly focused on downlink scenarios. Due to constraints on individual UEs and the discrete nature of sub channel
assignment uplink energy–efficient resource allocation is less tractable. In an uplink allocation algorithm is described to maximize the minimum EE
among all users.
In order to maximize the total EE of all UEs under individual power and rate constraints for the UEs an efficient suboptimal algorithms are proposed.
The proposed

Energy Efficiency

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