A Study On An Online Course
Scenario 1: A staff member scans photographs from some out–of– print books for use by a
professor on his course web site for an online course.
Scenario 2: The semester has started and some students have not received their textbook, so
one student makes electronic copies of the textbook and distributes the copies to others in the
course.
He does not collect any money from his classmates.
The above scenarios both take place in an educational environment, which immediately calls fair
use to mind. Fair use allows for a copyrighted work to be used for criticism, comment, news
reporting,
teaching, scholarship and research (Copyright.gov, 2011). In both of these cases, claims could be
made
that the people using the copyrighted work are doing so for teaching or scholarship purposes, which
would make both of them eligible for fair use. Yet, fair use has four factors that have to be taken into
consideration when determination if the use is indeed fair. These four factors are: commercial or
non–
commercial use, nature of the work, amount or substantiality of the worked used, and impact of the
use
on the work (Copyright.gov, 2011). These factors are what really make case for the difference
between
these two cases.
The first factor of fair use is commercial vs. non–commercial use. These two cases may seem

different initially, but they are actually the same in respect to this factor. The student in scenario 2 is
copying the textbook and giving it away free to their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Domains In The Purnell Model For Cultural Competence
The conscience decision to make health a priority in your life is very important. Without taking care
of yourself and making an effort, ones quality of life will consequently suffer. How an individual
may participate in their health depends on their culture. In the Purnell Model For Cultural
Competence by Larry Purnell (2002) there are 12 domains that influence an individual's health. I
believe two of the most important domains in the model are health care practitioners and
communication. Health care practitioners are a major influence on a person's culture as it pertains to
health care. Not only are they a representation of all practitioners to their patient, they are
ambassadors for the tools and practices they implement. They are also an educational resource for
many patients who will be listening to their advice. This domain is important to me because I am
training to become a health care practitioner. Not only will I be representing health care providers, I
will be striving to uphold the reputation of Physical Therapy as a practice of medicine. My ability to
educate patients and select appropriate treatments will have an affect on my patients physically and
culturally. For example a patient who sees a grumpy uneducated therapist now has the mentality and
belief physical therapy is an unhappy environment. If this same patient sees an uplifting, educated,
and thorough therapist they may think positively of physical therapy. Communication as a domain
goes hand in

Software Engineering : Design Rules For All Components
In software engineering, requirements from user met with available components, then following
activities needs to be performed
1) Component Qualification: System requirements and architecture define the components that will
be required. Reusable components (whether COTS or in house) are normally identified by the
characteristics of their interfaces. That is, "the services that are provided, and the means by which
consumers access these services" are described as part of the component interface. But the interface
does not provide a complete picture of the degree to which the component will fit the architecture
and requirements. The software engineer must use a process of discovery and analysis to qualify
each component's fit. 2) Component Adaptation: we noted that software architecture represents
design patterns that are composed of components (units of functionality), connections, and
coordination. In essence the architecture defines the design rules for all components, identifying
modes of connection and coordination. In some cases, existing reusable components may be
mismatched to the architecture's design rules. These components must be adapted to meet the needs
of the architecture or discarded and replaced by other, more suitable components.
3) Component Composition: Architectural style again plays a key role in the way in which software
components are integrated to form a working system. By identifying connection and coordination
mechanisms (e.g., run–time properties

Internet Copyright Laws Essay
Internet Copyright Laws
A student comes home to his dorm at the University of Scranton after a rough day of classes. With
the quick internet connection provided on the school's network, the student makes a few clicks and
logs into Morpheus, a program that enables music fans to download free music. Within a few
minutes he is on his way to owning an unlimited amount of songs at no cost. Everything this student
is doing is legal, right? Wrong. The downloaded music from the internet is copyrighted material.
Today's internet is considered an "information superhighway," a device where anything from music,
books, programs and information can be shared worldwide. Since billions of people have the ability
to access the internet, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The same is true for books, logos, and anything else that can carry a copyright.
An excerpt from Ann Okerson's article, "Who Owns Digital Works" (published in the magazine,
"Scientific American"), clearly explains what types of property are protected under the United States
copyright law:
"The most recent revision of the U.S. copyright law, made in 1978, is far more thorough than its
predecessors. It protects creative works in general, including literature, music, drama, pantomime,
choreography, pictorial, graphical and sculptural works, motion pictures and other audiovisual
creations, sound recordings and architecture. (Patents and trademarks are governed by their own
laws, as are trade secrets.) Copyright explicitly grants the owners of the expression of an idea the
right to prevent anyone from making co copies of it, preparing derivative works, distributing the
work, performing it or displaying it without permission"(Okerson paragraph 14).
The key is what type of works are protected by copyrights and the word
distribution. Many types of works that are protected by copyright can

The Military Events of the Meiji Restoration Essay
In this investigation I will look at the major historical and military events of the transition of the Edo
period to the Meiji Period and the Meiji Restoration and look at how they relate to the freedom of
Japanese people.
Japan during the periods of 1600 – 1868 A.D. was a land of seclusion, military power and
oppression. This was known as the Edo period. This however was one of the most peaceful times in
Japan's history. This peace was established through the military powers of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
This peace brought with it no real individual freedoms. The supposed ruler of Japan the emperor
was known as a du jure emperor, ruling by permission from the Tokugawa Shogunate. In 1868, the
Tokugawa shogun lost its power and the emperor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Black Ships (1853–56 A.D.)
During the rule of the Tokugawa Shogunate, there was a policy in place that cut ties with any other
countries. This policy was known as the Seclusion Policy. This policy limited the amount of trade
with other countries. This policy was still in place during the arrival of the Black Ships. The Black
Ships were a series of American gunships with the intent on establishing diplomatic and trade ties
between Japan and the United States of America. This was an invitation delivered from the president
of the United States, Millard Fillmore, through Commodore Matthew Perry. After Perry had
delivered the message from the president, the ships left and promised to return in one year's time.
This ultimatum intimidated Japan. This started a negotiation that ended the Seclusion policy. The
document known as the Harry Treaty, negotiated by the first U.S. consul, Townsend Harris, gave
special provisions over the other nations and started to end the Seclusion Policy. This treaty leads to
further oppression of the Japanese but not by their own government but the Western world. This will
be discussed later.
The Fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate (1867 A.D.)
This series of events began to undermine the Shogunate. The Japanese people began to have a
foreign influence that was intimidating. This intimidation was crucial as the people were scared of
the American forces that also returned a year later. This left

The Asbjectages And Disadvantages Of Simulation
benefits and limitations. A review of the literature indicated that no academic exercise has been
undertaken to assess the full potential of simulation tools either in the design and manufacture of
airframes or any other industrial sector. Therefore, it is vital to assess the role of simulation tools
throughout the product life cycle and define the best use of these tools within selected areas. There
are a number of US companies that are leading the way forward through full corporate investment,
time and collaboration partnership (simulation vendors) in developing simulation as an integral
element in their company. These companies have planned in detail their approach to simulation to
allow them to gain the full benefits simulation can provide:
Allow identification of design errors earlier in the product ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The use of simulation capabilities in the 'right–first–time' approach has become an important tool in
product and process design and development.
Simulation is used for tooling design and development and runs concurrently with product design in
the right–first–time approach , which reduces lead times to shop floor activities.
When simulation is adopted there is also a requirement for some thought to the way they are used
within the business process.
The interaction process between simulation types has to be appropriate and highly efficient to ensure
that the benefits of simulation integration are not lost through isolated activities.
Even though data transfer techniques have advanced significantly, internal business system
configurations need to be developed to allow for these transfer techniques to be used efficiently.
Product data management must ensure that all participants involved in product and process design
work from the same data source for process coherency and prevent none value–added

The Meiji Restoration of Japan Essay
Between 1968 and 1912, Japan was going through a reformation called Meiji Restoration in order
make the country strong as western countries. It had caused changes in many parts of Japan such as
society, government, military, etc. Some of these changes still can be seen in the Japanese society
today such as emperors are honored by Japanese citizens and seen as a special figure. Since this
reformation had a great impact on development of Japan, it can be consider as a very important part
of Japanese history.This study will seek to answer the question: To what extent did the Meiji
Restoration succeeded to reform and strengthen Japan? In order to answer the question, the
investigation will analyze military reform and economic reform caused by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall all be allowed to pursue their
own calling so that there may be no discontent.
Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of Nature.
Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.
By this reformation, Meiji Constitution was created by the government and all of the laws were
renewed.
Emperor gained control of the government and shogun and daimyos lost their power. Also, emperor
were seen became the commander of the military and head of shintoism. He was seen as a god–
figure.
Due process was introduced for punishing the criminal
Citizens were allowed to have many rights (freedom of speech, freedom of religion, etc) unless the
emperor allows it
This reformation changed the system of Japanese military which samurai lost their power and they
weren't be able to hold their swords anymore. Instead, Japan started to develop western weapons and
draft system was adopted into Japanese society. This led to Satsuma Rebellion where group of
samurai, leaded by Saigo Takamori tried to defeat the shogunate, but they were defeated by new
Japanese army.
The growth of Japanese military was proved by their victory in Sino–Japanese War and Russo–
Japanese War
There was massive increase of production and infrastructure in Japan during this reformation and

Essay on New London Eminent Domain
Justice Stevens believes that is it the right of the government for taking land from private owners
under eminent domain and using that land for public use. Steven believes that eminent domain is
constitutional as long as the public welfare is increased such as increasing tax and other revenues
and stimulating a troubled city. New London was an economically insufficient city compared to the
averages in Connecticut. He believed that making the city more attractive was making good use of
the Takings Clause in the U.S. Constitution. He also thinks that the city carefully constructed a plan
in order to benefit the community rather than hinder it. Overall, Stevens believes that by helping and
benefiting the city New London should follow their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The authors of these majority and minority opinions are quite different. Steven believes that making
a city more attractive and profitable is worth using eminent domain while O'Connor believes that it
makes every home and business be put in jeopardy for an unnecessary use of overused power.
Although both agree that in some instances eminent domain is appropriate, they disagree on this
particular case of the New London community.Before I began to read this case I made my own
assumptions about eminent domain. Although I believe that it is not alright for eminent domain to be
applied to all cases, I do believe that eminent domain is necessary in this case. The city was very
apparently deteriorating and it is part of the cities job to make the community appealing again. Like
it was stated, the population has not been as low as 24,000 residents since 1920. That was over 50
years ago. I may not always agree with using eminent domain in all instances but to make a city
more profitable and more appealing to residents seems to me like a good use of property. Just
compensation is something I may have a problem with. From what I have heard, the government
does not always give the

A Citation Count Prediction Model For Stem Publishing Domains
A Citation Count Prediction Model for STEM Publishing Domains
Goals
I attempt to tackle the task of citation count prediction using existing and new features. Looking at
multiple domains, I identify differences both in the ability to predict citation counts as well as the
nature of features that contribute to the prediction. For instance, the phenomenon of famous authors
attracting more citations is more apparent in Biology and Medicine compared with other domains.
Additionally, while the popularity of a paper's references is predictive of the paper's success in most
domains, this is clearly not the case in Engineering and Physics. The following is a model that can
be used to predict citations 5 years in the future (using data from 2005 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Table 1. Domain–specific Statistics
Domain Affiliations Papers – 2005 Papers – 2015 Authors per paper – 2005 Authors per paper –
2015
CS 4,851 59,116 110,506 2.43 2.75
Biology 2,082 59,395 93,792 3.58 4.04
Chemistry 811 26,496 50,381 3.56 3.99
Medicine 5,524 125,113 214,854 3.52 3.67
Engineering 2,589 43,440 77,664 3.20 3.53
Mathematics 581 11,057 17,317 1.75 1.90
Physics 688 25,393 42,955 4.41 5.05
Methods & Techniques
Feature Engineering – I consider four groups of features: Authors, Institutions, Affiliations,
References Network. The first three (group 1)–Authors, Institutions and Affiliations–describe the
reputation of the paper's venue, of its authors and of its author's institutions. I start by calculating the
following features for each venue, author and institution in the dataset: the sum of citation counts of
papers published by the entity, mean citations over papers published by the entity, and max citations,
e.g. the citation count of the most cited work by the entity. I also calculate the h–index and g–index
of these entities. The h–index is defined as the largest h such that at least h papers by the entity
received at least h citations. The g–index is defined as the largest g such that the top g papers by the
entity received together at least g2 citations. Both h–index and g–index numbers are easily

calculable using the capabilities in the Scopus database. For each paper I aggregate the features of
the entities (authors, institutions and

Jason Swartwood Wisdom
Wisdom is a bit of an elusive topic. There seems to be a general consensus of what counts as
wisdom, however, when asked for a definition 'acting with regards to knowledge and understanding'
is commonly used. While this definition is certainly workable, it does not go very deep into this vast
concept. How exactly do knowledge and understanding interact to reach the level of wisdom? There
is not a whole lot of work done analyzing the process of acting wisely. One such attempt is made by
Jason Swartwood, who claims that wisdom can be thought of as an expert skill. He claims that
wisdom is the same kind of epistemic achievement as expert decision–making. This approach to
wisdom allows for interesting insight into this topic and can begin to look ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the more pressing questions is the ability to identify wisdom. Identifying wisdom is
something that is fairly common among people even without such in depth knowledge. Along the
lines of identifying wisdom, how do heuristics play into this discussion? Heuristics are any sort of
approach to solving a problem that is sufficient in achieving immediate goals. Typically when
applied to games, they are approaches at playing in the most optimal fashion in the widest variety of
scenarios. One of the great things about heuristics is that it is not always necessary for these
heuristics to be developed by an individual and can be passed to people who may be very new to
these situations or scenarios. Someone fairly new to the game of chess could be given a set of
heuristics with which to play by such that they could fair very well in the tournament. There are a
couple main components to the notion of heuristics, which could cause interesting cases under
Swartwood's account for wisdom. This beginning chess player could very well appear to be acting
wisely in this tournament, but would they actually acting wisely? The first aspect of heuristics is
their ability to achieve short–term goals. Now the part of Swartwood's argument that this would
focus on is the domain in which his argument is concerned and the ability to grasp success reasons
to perform an

Software Patents, Copyright, and Piracy Issues in India...
Software Patents, Copyright, and Piracy Issues in India
Introduction
India has developed enormously in the field of science and technology. Information Technology has
been one of the fastest growing sectors in the country and a major contributor to the economy.
India's economy has boomed over the past decade due to Government's initiates. With it vast pool of
educated population and its leading presence in the Software arena India is fast becoming a
knowledge hub.
This paper gives an overview of Patent, copyright and Cyber laws, software piracy issues, and
analyses the economic benefits of reducing piracy and the ethical issues of piracy.
Overview of Patent, Copyright and Cyber Laws
The protection regarding Intellectual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The legislation is supported by the Patents Rule, 1972("the Rules") which have been amended and
update periodically, the latest amendment being Patents(Amendment) Rules, 1999.
Key Features of Patents:
*) the term of the patents was originally 14 years. This was amended under TRIPS obligations to 20
years
*) Software can probably be patented in India. In the US and the European Union it can be patented
if it shows technical effect. Article 27 of TRIPS lists out the patentable subject matter.
*) Business Method cannot be patented in India as of now. It can be patented in US and European
Union if it uses technology in a unique manner.
*) The international governing patents include Paris convention and the Patent convention treaty.
Copyrights:
Copyright is about protecting the expression of an idea, rather than the idea itself. It covers original
literacy, dramatic, musical or artistic work. Literacy works include computer programs, tables and
compilations including computer database.
Copyright Law:

In India the Intellectual Property rights of computer software is covered under copyright law.
Accordingly the copyright of computer software is protected under the provisions of the Indian
Copyright Act 1957, which was substantially amended in 1994 and reintroduced in 1995. With these
changes, the Indian Copyright Law has become one of the most stringent laws in the world.
The 1995 law clearly explained for the

Disadvantages Of Travel And Tourism
The Travel and Tourism economy is one of the fastest growing activities in most countries around
the world [1]. For many developing countries it is one of the main sources of foreign exchange
income and the number one export category, creating such needed employment and opportunities for
development [2]. According to World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTO), the Travel and Tourism
industry have generated US$7.6 trillion (10% of global GDP (Gross Domestic Product)) and 277
million jobs (1 in 11 jobs) for the global economy in 2014. In Malaysia, for 2014 alone, a total of
RM72.0 billion receipts and 27.22 million arrivals were registered [3].
However, the Travel and Tourism industry has not only some benefits and also drawbacks. Tourism
can cause its share of problems such as social dislocation, loss of cultural heritage, ecological
degradation, pollution and noise. For instance, much of the corals on Pulau Payar Marine Park,
Langkawi, Malaysia were damaged due to mass arrival of tourists as the travel operators has
allowed 600 to 700 tourists on the island at a time [4]. One hand, there is a push to bring in tourists
dollars but on the other little is done to protect the precious biodiversity which is its main attraction.
These problems have been recognized by many involved in tourism and have become ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It will also helps making knowledgeable decision as well as fills the gap of literature in developing
ontology for the sustainable rural tourism domain. The rest of this paper is structured as follows:
Section 2 describes the related works. Section 3 describes the system architecture and presents
decision making knowledge as a Unified Modelling Language (UML) class diagram. Section 4
details the process of ontology development and gives the statistics about the ontology. Section 5
closes the paper with the

Pharmaceutical Practices
Obstruction of Generic Pharmaceuticals in the Marketplace
It has been estimated that most of the major pharmaceutical companies have engaged in some
unusual practices to keep generic equivalents of their products from entering the marketplace. These
measures usually have a negative effect on consumers and health care plan providers, prohibiting
them from buying equally effective products at a discounted rate. The objective of the major
pharmaceutical companies in attempting to prevent generics from entering the market is clearly to
provide their shareholders with exceptional profits. Some would argue that there is a morality
argument to be made against "big pharma" in these cases of market manipulation. We will explore
the moral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trying to delay this patent expiration is the most common method of keeping generics off the street.
Every single hour that a generic is kept off of the shelves, it only means more sale of the original
pharmaceutical. Even if the patent lawsuit has no merit, the delay due to legal filings and court tie–
ups can buy valuable time for the original patent holder. Below you will find several examples of
brand name pharmaceuticals that have enjoyed a longer monopolistic life due to some innovative,
yet highly controversial techniques:
 Tamoxifen, which is sold under the brand name Nolvadex, is an example of company collusion.
The generic version only sells for about 5 percent less than that of Nolvadex, which is made by
AstraZeneca. The meager discount is a result of a private agreement between Barr and Zeneca, made
after they left the courtroom. Under that pact, Zeneca paid Barr $21 million and Barr agreed to sell
Zeneca's drug rather than produce its own version. Zeneca became AstraZeneca in a 1999 merger.
 An often repeated example is the way Eli Lilly prevented the Lupin group from entering into the
generic market for a drug. It got a patent for about 70 different chemical processes used to make the
relevant drug.
 The example of Cephalon has truly become the way that businesses have skirted the 1984
legislation acts. Instead of defending its patent in court, they paid the competing generic
manufacturers

Lifespan Development And Communication Development Essay
Paper: 555101
Lifespan Development and Communications
Assessment 3: Individual Development Narrative (IDN)
Hoori Wilcox
Student ID: 14861456
This assignment identifies and discusses the relevant theory and theorists and discusses the
influences possible on lifespan development from the time of conception to 20 years of age. I will
analyse my own life story in relation to theories of lifespan development participating my
understanding of the domains of development and the age old argument of nature versus nurture
concerning the Biological and Environmental influences on one 's development and whether they
may or may not have influenced my development during that stage of my life.
The narrative participates the age stages and at each stage discusses in depth the relevant 'domains'
and their influences on my development. Theses domains are Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and
Socio–cultural/moral. While illustrating my lifespan development I will using a range of relative
theorist's beliefs and their relationship and relevance to and with the domains of development. Each
stage theorist will have their own different periods of development. I will then discuss relevant
'domains' and their influences on my development. The Domains are as follows:
At the conception stage of life, as organs and bones are been developed and the baby is yet to be
born the environmental domain means what was the surroundings at the time. According to Wilcox
et al (1995) "Most

Why D = Average Control Delay
where, d = average control delay (s/veh), cm,x = capacity of movement or shared lane (veh/h), T =
analysis period (h) and vx = demand flow rate for movement or shared lane (veh/h)
The HCM 2000 also defines a relationship for the queue length expected to be formed at the
intersection. The equation is similar to the delay equation.
Q_95x=3600/c_(m,x) +900T[v_x/c_(m,x) –1+√((v_x/c_(m,x) –1)^2+(3600/c_(m,x) )(v_x/c_(m,x)
)/150T] ) (c_(m,x)/3600)
(10)
where the Q95x represents the 95th percentile queue length for the movement x.
5.3.4 Microscopic Delay models at Uncontrolled Intersections in Mixed Traffic Conditions (India)
Chandra et al. (2009) presents a study on the delay at uncontrolled traffic intersections with mixed
traffic type at 4 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This part of the paper will focus on comparing these developed models and recommend the more
suitable ones.
6.1 Signalized Intersection Models
Three queue–delay models for signalized intersection were described in the previous section namely
the deterministic model, shock–wave delay model and the steady–state stochastic model. F. Dion et
al. (2004) presents a comparison of the different models for signalized intersections. The paper
followed a simple example of an intersection to develop the comparison.
A single–lane approach with a 60 s cycle length and 30 s effective green time was used to compare
the models. The situation is further described in Figure 7. Figure 7: Delay Evaluation Scenario
(F. Dion et al., TRB, 2004)
The Integration Microscopic Traffic Simulation Software was used to predict delay and apply the
models. The output of the test is presented in Figure 8. Not only were the three models described in
this used in the comparison, capacity guide models of different countries are also presented. Figure
8: Delay estimates for different models for undersaturated and oversaturated conditions
(F. Dion et al., TRB, 2004)
For undersaturated conditions, it can be seen from Figure 8 that most analytical models agree with
each other at low v/c ratios. However, it is observed that agreement tends to decrease with
increasing v/c ratio. From the figure it can also be inferred that the deterministic and stochastic
models estimate the lowest delays for the

Research Examining a Previously-Developed Domain Model...
Introduction An essential component of access control has been secure and safe domain which is
composed of a collection of end users as well as objects handled with a typical security plan and
based on an individual authority. Together with the rising of shared sources, unauthorized
accessibility to data by unlawful users additionally heightens, it has been essential to secure
information via user validation and access control procedures (Yang, 2007). Domain Name Service
(DNS) The explanation of domains usually presumes that there has been a system that allows a
domain host to intercept communications. This type of system might permit domains to always be
added as well as removed devoid of influencing the whole process of servers interior or exterior the
domain. Preferably, this could be achieved by supplying a safe system for the domain host to
identify, within the IP routing stage, that network visitors headed for a specific server should be
directed via the domain. Sadly, no such system presently is available. This paper provides some
alternate systems as well as their weak points (Condell, 1996). To be able to streamline our
argument, we'll present a brand new phrase, the path. A path has been a listing of domains via which
some sort of request should travel to be able to get to the specific server that may process the actual
request. We'll enforce an ordering around the domain names inside a path from most common to
most precise. A domain has been much more

Using Uniform Resource Locator ( Url )
Websites are made up of webpages each of which has its exclusive addresses called uniform
resource locator (URL). URLs direct users to get to a unique web page through web browsers. URL
naming and managing are considered two important issues as it is crucial for a webpage to have an
accurate address which appropriately represents content of the page and also generate helpful
application in web analytics. Protocol identifier, hostname, path or stem and parameters are core
components of URLs as they generate the frame of each URL. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
is one kind of protocols used to reach hypertext documents on the Net. Protocol and resource name,
which is the address of webpage are attached with a colon and two slashes. Host ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additional information is gathered as campaign medium is added to the parameters as it provides
extra data such as email or cost per click (CPC). Campaign name identify a specific product,
promotions and etc. Campaign term is applied for paid keyword search. Campaign content is used to
separate ad, content or link, which refer to the same URL. The fact that the functionality of the page
or its content is not affected when extra parameters are added to the URL is crucial to know as
parameters are applied in web analytics tools such as Google analytics to get traffic source data.
Web analytics tools such as Sitecatalyst, Webtrends and Google analytics uses parameters
differently. Sitecatalyst is highly depended on page names than additional parts of URLs so
parameters do not make further data. Webtrends mainly uses hostname and path to identify pages,
however, Webtrends is able to recollect disregarded parameters when they are needed to separate
unique pages. Google Analytics applies three main campaign parameters which are campaign
source, campaign medium and campaign name. In Google analytics there is an option to have
additional campaign such as campaign trend and campaign content. URLs in Web analytics are of
high importance as they define data strategy, cookies strategy, sessions and etc. The domain segment
the URL makes a mandate rule when it

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives
Technology has become a part of our lives and culture, because of it convenience and easy to use
factor that it able to make many things in our lives a little bit easier. Many services that derive from
technologies that includes paying our bills and/or taxes, way to interact with people from many
social sites like Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, etc.. and finally how we able to gain our day to day
information through media. Technology can also help us in many ways, such as acquiring
information from the internet or book for education purposes, or watching clips from the movie that
you enjoy on a train. But, there are also many aspects of technology that can be used against
innocent people with things such as copyright laws that can restrict a person access to the
information. In many instances, people that control these type rights prevents access to use the
information are influential corporate institute, who act as a gatekeeper on the public trying to access
information or restricting movement from the public's point of view due to the ownership's right of
the content of information. The problem of public's access and the restriction of information is not
something that happens in our lifetime. But in fact, the problem with copyright and the issue of
access occurs throughout many time in history. Two of the prime example that was able to capture
these issues are Siva Vaidhyanathan's book "Copyrights And Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual
Property and How It Threatens

Domains Of Family Practice Model
Discussion #1
According to the book, "The Domains of Family Practice Model states that Hallmarks of FLE,
Family Therapy, and FCM have similarities and differences" (Walsh, DeFlorio, Burnham, &
Weiser,110). Some of the main points for the three domains of family practice are:
Family Life Education Family Therapy Family Case Management
Teaches families certain skills
Promotes healthy family interaction
Proactive in prevention and teaching families Help families/individuals solve problems
Help others with their problems
Help people deal with the worries and problems in their family Problem solving and assessing a
situation for a solution
Learn about available resources in the community and helping people access them
"The similarities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One key principle of the Human Ecology theory is development occurs through the interaction of a
mosaic of factors family microsystems influence and are influenced by transactions with other
systems (neighborhood, peer group, school, workplace).
Each profession is required to implement the latest research and theories into their work. According
to the book, "staying current and preparing can include reviewing research on a topic, implementing
various theories in work, collecting a list of community resources, and updating a personal
philosophy statement" (Walsh, DeFlorio, Burnham, & Weiser,114).
In addition, each profession value and respect diverse families. According to the American
Association for Marriage and Family Therapy website Ethical Standard 1.1 Non– Discrimination
states, "Marriage and family therapists provide professional assistance to persons without
discrimination on the basis of race, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability, gender, health
status, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity or relationship status"
(www.aamft.org). Some of the core values of AAMFT

Essay Music Copyright
What is a Copyright?
Music Copyright is a very important aspect of the music industry. The Copyright law was
established to preserve the creativity and rights of authors, composers, performers of expression.
Copyright is the law that protects the property rights of the creator of an original work in a fixed
tangible medium. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/copyright) A fixed tangible medium is
something substantial like copying lyrics on paper or putting a song on tape or CD. Copyright can
be seen every where in the music industry. Many music artist of our culture today have been
involved in copyright issues. Recently, on MTV news it was stated that, "As the music industry
becomes increasingly concerned about protecting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This establishes the artist as the creator of that work. It is not illegal for a person to write the symbol
on their work themselves. The correct way to place a copyright symbol on your original fixed
tangible medium is like this:
Copyright © 2001 Aja Star Lane
For record companies it, looks like this:
© 2001 Virgin Records. All Rights Reserved. (http://askjeeves.com/copyright/html)
This states the day of creation of a musical work. If you do not have the money for the legal fees of
the federal copyright process yet, the first thing an artist should do with a musical work is the "poor
mans copyright". Poor mans copyright is when the artist puts their fixed tangible medium in an
envelope with appropriate postage stamps and mails it back to themselves without opening it. This
postmark creates proof of the creator and is the date of creation for the musical work.
Why should an artist copyright an original work?
Copyrighting a musical expression just ensures that an artist is the creator of that work. There are a
couple of reasons why an artist should copyright their original works. The main one is the creator of
a work wants to be able to protect his or her work. Also, financial gain from suing. There would not
be any purpose in creating music without financial gain for some. If you live in the United States
and legally registered your musical works you have

Internet Service Providers ( Isp )
INTRODUCTION
In this assignment I will talk about internet services, describe a few computing terms as HTTP,
WWW and other, then I will talk about security and what could cause the trouble on your machine
and then, I will put all of the useful links in bibliography.
WEB ARCHITECTURE
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
To connect to the Internet, you need an ISP. It is the company that pay for each months to use the
Internet. If you use a modem to connect to your ISP, (point–to–point protocol) connection is
connecter to another modem on the ISP end. That modem connects to one of the routers. From there,
you can access information from anywhere around the world, from your couch.
Worldwide web
An Internet is a big collection of computers and cables.
The WWW is a big collection of HTML pages on the Internet.
Bandwidth is the bit–rate of available information capacity, typically calculated in metric multiples
of bits per second. Narrowband describes telecommunication that carries voice information in a
narrow band of frequencies.
Data transfer is basically what bandwidth is all about. It's transferring the data, so to make it easier
to remember and to make it obvious what it's all about.
http://www.domainname.com/folder–name/web–page–file–name.htm http:// The first part of the url,
which indicates the protocol of the url. www.domainname.com This portion is your domain name. It
is also shown to us as the host or server id.
/folder–name
This shows that the web page in "filed"

Affiliate Marketing Using E Mail
* About Affiliate Marketing Using e–Mail
Affiliate Marketing using e–Mail is an Internet based business model that is easy to start and has
great potential for success if you are willing to learn and put in some consistent work. It 's not
difficult to learn, but does require effort on your part.
This article will guide you through the essential seven steps involved in the process of Affiliate
Marketing using e–Mail. After learning these steps you 'll be ready to start setting up a small
Internet business.
This article, along with our free e–zine, will describe in great detail how to combine a series of well
planned emails with a simple website. You will then use these to create valuable and effective
communications for those who ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, we recommend eliminating any distractions as you proceed to read the entire page below. As
you familiarize yourself with these seven steps you can view your Membership Options to assist you
in getting the results you desire.
After completing this article, you will have the answers to these questions.:
* What is Affiliate Marketing and where do I locate the best affiliate offers for promotion?* How
can e–mails be used as a primary strategy to promote affiliate offers and gather leads?* How can I
create and set up a lead capture or squeeze page (a web page with a sign up form)?
* What Is Affiliate Marketing Using e–Mail?
STEP 1: Getting Started and Needed Tools
–Step 1.1 : Watching our free videos on WordPress is the first part of Step 1 and involves getting
your website set up. The website is where you will display your offers to the online world.
Experience has shown us that the best way to present affiliate offers and other offers to a large
listening audience is through Web presence. Affiliate Profits shows you how to use a 100% free
software called WordPress to build your Affiliate marketing website.
Top marketers from all over the Internet have hailed WordPress as being the best way to get started
building websites as a hobby or for use in Affiliate Marketing. WordPress offers users a way to get

Internet Services Providers : An Internet Service Provider
Internet Service Providers:
An internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides you with an internet connection.
Companies connect you to the internet in two different ways, by using a phone line, also known as
dial up, or a broadband connection, also known as cable or DSL.
Some examples of internet service providers are Sky Broadband, Virgin Media, BT Broadband and
Talk Talk. The majority of internet service providers require a monthly fee in which a person pays to
be able to access the internet.
Web Hosting Services:
A web hosting server is a server which provides web services. They are often used for hosting
websites but they can also be used for hosting files such as games, images, music etc. There are
three main types of web hosting. 1) Dedicated web hosting where the server is reserved for a single
website and is leased. 2) Shared web hosting, where there are many various website on the same
server. 3) Virtual private server hosting, a mix of the first two different servers except the website is
hosted on its own virtual server so it has no interruptions and won't be affected by other customers
web sites.
Domain Names and Structures:
Domain names are used to identify IP addresses. Domain names are used in URLs to identify web
pages. For example in http://google.com/settings , the domain name is google.com. However the
domain name is split into two levels the "google" in the web address is called a sub–level domain
and the ".com" in the address is called

Phishing Is A Social Engineering Luring Technique
Phishing is a social engineering luring technique, in which an attacker aims to steal sensitive
information such as credit card information and online banking passwords from users. Phishing is
carried over electronic communications such as email or instant messaging. In this technique, a
replica of the legitimate sites is created, and the users are directed to the Phishing pages where it's
required for the personal information.
As phishing remains a significant criminal activity that causes great loss of money and personal
data. In respond to these threats, a variety of Anti–Phishing tools was released by software vendors
and companies. The Phishing detection technique used by industries mainly includes attack tracing,
report generating filtering, analysing, authentication, report making and network law enforcement.
The toolbars like spoof guard, trust watch, spoof stick and Net–craft are some of the most popular
Anti–Phishing toolbars services that are used. The W3C has set some standards that are followed by
most of the legit websites, but the phishing site may not develop these standards. There are certain
characteristics of URL and source code of the Phishing site based on which we can guess the fake
site.
The goal of this paper is to compare different methods that are used to determine the phishing web
pages to safeguard the web users from attackers. In [2] lexical signature is extracted from a given
web page based on several unique terms that is used as a dataset

Fashion Art : Artistic Rights In The Fashion Industry
Natalie Langdale
Law and the Arts
Professor Collins
December 8, 2017
Artistic Rights in the Fashion Industry
Upon recognizing that marks on fabric are the same as paint upon canvas or ink upon paper, the
United States Copyright Office expanded the scope of its coverage to include textile prints and lace
patterns as copyrightable material in 1958. Despite this enactment, which served as a significant step
in establishing the artistic legitimacy and profitability of the fashion industry, fashion designers still
cannot protect their actual clothing designs today. So how exactly could this be? In order to
understand the technicalities of copyright in the fashion world, one must not necessarily look at the
guidelines of what is protectable under copyright law but rather, they must examine what is not.
According to the United States Copyright Office, anything that is functional cannot be copyrighted
and with good reason. For example, if a company were to copyright something as functional as a
window, then every window–baring structure built from then onward would have to clear the usage
of windows in their design and perhaps even pay large licensing fees. If such a scenario were reality,
the copyright would not be contributing to the advancement of culture and technology within a
society, as copyright laws were originally established to do, but rather it would be hindering this
process of development. So, like windows which are designed to let in light and allow for

Software Product Lines and Architecture
IV. SOFTWARE PRODUCT LINES
A software product line (SPL) is a set of software–intensive systems that share a common, managed
set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are
developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way.
Software product lines are emerging as a viable and important development paradigm allowing
companies to realize order–of–magnitude improvements in time to market, cost, productivity,
quality, and other business drivers. Software product line engineering can also enable rapid market
entry and flexible response, and provide a capability for mass customization.
The various product variants can be derived from the basic product family. The purpose is to reduce
the time and cost of production, and to increase software quality by reusing core assets. The general
process of product lines is based on the reusability of requirements, documentation, architecture and
components.
The process of product lines is based on the reusability of requirements, architecture and
components. It consists of two phases:
Domain Engineering.
Application Engineering. Fig.1 Software Product Lines Process
The above figure shows the three different aspects of the Software Product Line,
Core Assets – are the base used to produce new software products. They are defined on the basis of
preexisting products and future products. Core assets that evolve as new products are developed.
Domain Engineering – or

Pros And Cons Of Exercise Eminent Domain
Although eminent domain is sometimes necessary, there should be limits placed on it to ensure that
individual property rights are never trampled on. This essay will explain at what times government
officials should have the right to exercise eminent domain, the extent of which the current occupant
should be satisfactorily compensated, and an engineer's duty to the public to only accept projects
where the previous property owners are content in the arrangements of their dismissal.
The government should exercise eminent domain cautiously to ensure that individual property rights
are seldom taken away. In 2005, the ruling of Kelo v. City of New London "allowed state and local
governments to take private property and transfer it to other private owners to promote 'economic
development'" (Somin 1). The promotion of economic development, however, is not sound
reasoning to transfer private property from one private owner to the next. The only instance when
this may be acceptable is when the property in mention is no longer in use. Some examples include
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Texas law, "the landowner [should] be compensated for the portion of the property
actually taken and the damage to the landowner's remaining property" (Ellis 6). However, the
compensated cost should include more than just the price of the land and the cost of damages.
Efforts should be made to compensate for all relocation costs. This compensation includes but is not
limited to, costs of finding and establishing a new location, costs for advertising a new location and
the costs required to model the new area to suit the individual's needs. In the end, if it is to society's
benefit that a business or person relocates, all efforts should be made to fully compensate the
individual in his/her relocation process, otherwise the owner has the right to refrain from giving up
his/her

To what Extent did the changes Brought in by the Meiji...
The Meiji Restoration brought enormous changes in Japan's structure. It eliminated the Tokugawa
Shogunate, which allowed the emperor to regain full power, and transformed Japan from a feudal
system to a modern state. The new era established the Meiji Constitution, which created a new
structure for the government and laws, reformed the military and education system, experienced
westernization and was the catalyst towards industrialization. However, it cannot be completely
considered as a revolution. Although there were changes in the nature of Japan's economic and
social system, and some aspects proved itself to be a complete transformation, a few were still
practiced traditionally, mainly the political structure. Also, a revolution is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Meiji era also promoted women's education through a separate girl's system, unlike in the
Tokugawa era, where girls were usually educated informally at home. The curriculum was based
centrally on moral education, mathematics, reading and writing, composition, Japanese calligraphy,
Japanese history, geography, science, drawing, singing, and physical education, which was a mix of
the new and the old. Though this showed westernization in the education system, the process was
also very slow in pace because there were many changes made throughout the Meiji era such as the
change from an American model to a Prussian one, and the constant centralizing and decentralizing
of the administration of education. Industrialization is also another factor that can be considered a
break from the past, but was not a straight line development. The industries in Japan were
intoxicated with western thought as Story puts it 'the entire apparatus of Western material
civilization seemed to find some reproduction, some kind of echo, in Japan' free from the Tokugawa
beliefs. The Meiji government adopted a policy that stated she will develop Industries herself. It
developed modern communications, constructed railways, established telegraphs, shipbuilding
yards, gun–powder and munition factories, and artillery works and even created a

Copyright Law On The Planet
"Only one thing is impossible for God: To find any sense in any copyright law on the planet" (Mark
Twain). The concept of copyright in the United States has a large history. The first form of copyright
in the United States stems from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8 of the U.S. Constitution in the year
1787, where "Congress shall have power . . . to promote the progress of science and useful arts, by
securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings
and discoveries." These "exclusive rights" were originally extremely limited, as the first Copyright
Act of 1790 only applied to maps, charts, and books. As time has advanced, copyright practices in
the United States have undergone several reforms, among the most recent being the infamous
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of 1998. Said act updated United States law to the
requirements of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), such as placing limitations on
the liability of online service providers for copyright violations made by users. The act, however,
has been a subject of controversy in recent times, as some content creators abuse it to control access
to their content. This is accomplished through methods such as copyright trolling, in which the
copyright holder produces works solely for the purpose of litigation rather than distribution.
Oftentimes, these practices are thought to be a violation of fair use, which enables copyrighted work
to be used without

Theory And Practice Of Supervision
Theory and practice of supervision
Supervision theories and practices began emerging as soon as counsellors started to train other
counsellors (Bernard & Goodyear, 2009). Several different theoretical models have developed to
clarify and support counselling supervision. The focus of early models of supervision had generally
been based on counselling theories (such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Adlerian or client–
centred), but these orientation–specific models have begun to be challenged as supervision has many
characteristics that are different to counselling. Competency as a counsellor does not automatically
translate into competency as a supervisor, and when supervisee/supervisor orientations differ,
conflicts may arise (Falender & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A range of different models have evolved to provide a framework for these topics within which
supervisors of can organize their approaches to supervision, and act as an aid to understanding
reality (Powell, 1993).
Agency Model of Supervision – Kadushin
Kadushin describes a supervisor as someone "to whom authority is delegated to direct, coordinate,
enhance, and evaluate on–the–job performance of the supervisees for whose work he/she is held
accountable. In implementing this responsibility, the supervisor performs administrative,
educational, and supportive functions in interaction with the supervisee in the context of a positive
relationship" (Powell, 1993).
In educational supervision the primary issue for Kadushin is the counsellor knowing how to perform
their job well and to be accountable for work performed, and developing skills through learning and
feedback. The object is to increase understanding and improve skill levels by encouraging reflection
on, and exploration of the work (Tsui, 2005).
In supportive supervision the primary issue is counsellor morale and job satisfaction, as well as
dealing with stress. The stresses and pressures of the coaching role can affect work performance and
take its toll psychologically and physically. In extreme and prolonged situations these may
ultimately lead to burnout. The supervisor 's role is to help the counsellor manage that stress more

Web Architecture Paper
Web architecture:  Internet service providers – a service provider (SP) is a company that provides
organisations, education, communications, storage, processing, and many other services with
internet. Service providers such as virgin media, BT, EE, Tesco etc.  Web hosting services – this is
where a user will buy a certain amount of storage space on a company's network, which will then be
visible to the public through a IP address, and store their website files so a third user can visit the
website. This allows users to view the website by downloading packets of information.  Domain
structure – the Domain Structures allows the users or the program to interpret different information.
For example take the address: http://www.netflix.com/ The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
User side factors:  Download speed – the amount of data the user can download per second and is
capped by their ISP. The slower the download speed for the user the slower the user can download
the webpages and assets to view the website so the company will have to have to take their
customers download speeds into account to decide what size of files is appropriate for their audience
to access their website as quickly as possible.  PC performance factors – if the user is running
multiple applications at the same time as trying to view the companies website then the website will
load slower as the processor is trying to cope with all these operations. The company will then need
to optimise their website to be less CPU intensive as possible by not running performance intensive
scripts that operate on the users computer.  Browsers – there are many different types of browsers
and most browsers conform to the same standard of interpreting and displaying the code but may
differ from browser to browser so the company has to do some thorough testing to make sure the
user is not left not being able to view the website due to the browser they are

Website Report On Website Performance
Website performance
This report is created for Net–connect Network Solutions (NCNS). Within this report I will be
talking about web architecture:
Internet service providers
Web hosting services
Domain structure
Domain name registrars
The World Wide Web.
I will also be talking about web components:
Mail
Proxy servers
Routers
Browsers
I will be explaining client side settings such as graphics settings, browser choice
bandwidth/connection speed and cache, server side issues such as connection speed, bandwidth
allowances as well as the web space provided all impact on web performance. I will also be
commenting on security and how data is protected.
Web architecture
Internet service providers
Internet service providers are mainly big businesses such as sky, virgin and BT which are known for
their internet services. These are all companies that provide a service for a large area for opening,
consuming or contributing for and on the internet. These service providers are here to provide many
organised forms like commercial, zero profit, privately owned parts of the service meaning they own
part of the company allowing them to have their own part of the service and finally commercial.
Most of the services provided by the internet service providers are commercial meaning more
business for them and the providers e.g. The post office they spend money on pages giving their
service providers money for the websites and monthly for such websites along with the money paid
monthly

An Interesting Software Design Technique
3.3 DOMAIN DRIVEN ARCHITECTURE
An interesting software design technique to understand and solve complexity is Domain Driven
Design (DDD). Domain Driven Design advocates modeling based on the reality of business as
relevant to our use cases. As it is now getting older and hype level decreasing, many of us forget that
the DDD approach really helps in understanding the problem at hand and design software towards
the common understanding of the solution. When building applications, DDD talks about problems
as domains and subdomains. It describes independent steps/areas of problems as bounded contexts,
emphasizes a common language to talk about these problems, and adds many technical concepts,
like entities, value objects and aggregate root rules to support the implementation. Sometimes these
technical rules are perceived as hard barriers implementing the DDD, but at the end, people tend to
forget that the important part is to organize code artifacts in alignment with business problems and
using the same common, ubiquitous language.
Domain modeling helps to identify and separate tangled implementations, if you are lucky to have a
domain model to guide you. If you don 't already have a domain model for an existing application
(which is generally true in most cases), instead of going through the code to understand the different
responsibilities, building a domain model and mapping the capabilities to the application at hand can
probably be a better approach. This will both save

Cause And Effects Of The Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration provided a catapult of overhaul within Japan. During the Tokugawa era,
Japan was split amongst hundreds of feudal domains, and the emperor was little more than a symbol
compared to the rule of the bafuku government. The advent of Western dominance in the late 19th
century demonstrated the regime's vulnerability to foreign pressure, and incapability to deal with it.
The Meiji restoration aimed to modernize, strengthen government control, and achieve unity of
ideas across the nation ─ all factors of which the Tokugawa regime could not properly demonstrate.
The 1858 US–Japan Treaty of Amity and Commerce wasn't approved under imperial sanction,
leading to accusations of treachery, provoking a major military crisis. The development of foreign
contacts showed the bafuku to be militarily weak and ineffective, forcing many to realize the need
for nationalization and reform. By the late 1850s, there was a growing call for sonnō (respect for the
emperor). The imperial court became a haven for bafuku opposers, particularly radical samurai from
Satsuma and Chōshū. An alliance between the two domains concerned the bafuku, leading to an
attempted military expedition to chastise the Chōshū in 1866 for its insubordination. The failed
expedition proved the bafuku no longer possessed the strength to impose its will on even a single
domain. Following the victory, anti–bafuku forces abandoned their domain affiliations, instead,
naming themselves the 'imperial troops'.

Dreyfus Model And The Seven Domains Of Nursing Practice
Benner's Competency Assessment
The Dreyfus Model explains that a learner goes through five levels when learning a new skill, and
these levels are novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert (Benner, 2001). The
Helping Role, the Teaching–Coaching role, the Diagnostic and Patient Monitoring Function,
Effective Management of Rapidly Changing Situations, Administering and Monitoring Therapeutic
and regimens, Monitoring and Ensuring the Quality of Health Care Practice, and the Organizational
and Work–Role Competencies are seven identified domains of nursing practice (Benner, 2001). The
Dreyfus Model of skill acquisition and the seven domains of nursing practices can be incorporated
and applied to nursing (Benner, 2001). As an ICU ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, I also understood that simply by providing handouts and telling her what the
medication is not enough. I needed to ensure that patient has a full understanding of when, how and
why to take medications. From my experience, I knew that in order for me to provide the education,
the patient has to be ready to receive it. I also included patient's spouse , gave them opportunities to
ask questions, and I used the teach back method to ensure that the patient has a full understanding of
her disease and medication regimen. This situation is an example of teaching–coaching function
domain of nursing

Statistical Weather Prediction And Regional Climate...
One–way nested Limited–Area Models (LAMs) are used in numerical weather prediction and
regional climate modelling to downscale coarse–resolution global/regional simulations or analyses
that are provided as the time–evolving Lateral Boundary Conditions (LBC). The LAM integrations
are sensitively dependent on infinitesimally small modifications. The so–called twin simulations,
i.e., LAM integrations identical in all respect, except having slightly different initial conditions, may
with time lead to substantially different solutions. This phenomenon has been referred to as internal
variability (IV) in the existing literature [e.g., Giorgi and Bi, 2000; Christensen et al., 2001; Rinke et
al., 2004; Lucas–Picher et al., 2008a; Crétat et al., 2011; Done et al., 2014].
Internal variability is usually quantified in terms of the inter–member standard deviation between
the simulations pertaining to the different initial conditions. In extended–range LAM integrations
conducted over months to years, the IV varies with several factors that include the synoptic
situation, season of a year, the size and position of the computational domain and the spatial and
temporal scales under consideration. For computational domains centered over midlatitudes, IV is
typically larger in summer [e.g., Caya and Biner, 2004], increases with the size of the computational
domain [Alexandru et al., 2007; Rapaić et al., 2011] and increases downstream with respect to the
inflow lateral boundaries [e.g.,

Definitions And Historical View Of Gartner
1.3.1.3.1 IoT Definitions and Historical View
Gartner (2015) forecasts that in 2020 almost 20 billion devices will be connected together and form
the Internet of Things (IoT) of the future, which is a rise by fairly 2000% from 0.9 billion in 2009
(Gartner.com, 2015).
The topic of IoT has hoarded much interest to the point that it has been classified as a disruptive
technology (Downes, 2013, Feki et al., 2013). The concept of the Internet of Things is not new; it
has been around since the early 90s. It has been envisioned in many forms yet all the different
visions have one thing in common, the connectedness of devices (Donovan, 2014). In 1991, it was
already foretold that specialized elements of hardware and software connected together ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the Internet of Things, or as called by others, the Internet of Everything is a seen as a
global network of devices and machines that have the ability to interact and communicate with each
other (Kortuem et al., 2010, Lee and Lee, 2015). Seven years later, the International
Telecommunication Community adapted the definition of IoT in the ITU–T Y.2060 (06/2012)
publication stating that the IoT is a global infrastructure for the information society that enables
advanced services by interconnecting physical and virtual things on the foundation of current and
developing information and communication technologies (ITU, 2015).
In addition to how the IoT has been defined by the ITU, there have been many variations of the
definition that revolve around the same centre but adapted to the view of the organisational entity
that is looking at the IoT model. In Atzori, Iera and Morabito (2010), the authors gather and funnel
the different IoT visions that had been proposed over the past years into three main groups. These
groups are: (1) Things oriented, where the emphasis is on the objects and finding models to integrate
them, (2) Internet oriented, where the focus is on different networking possibilities that would
establish efficient connections between the objects, and (3) Semantic oriented, which by using
semantic technologies the

Works Made For Hire : The General Rule Of Copyright Ownership
Question 1:
Works made for hire is an exception to the general rule of copyright ownership. It is a category,
defined by copyright law, which states that the author of a work is the commissioning party, not the
actual creator of the work. Within this category, there are two classifications: (1) works created by
an employee within the scope of employment and (2) specially commissioned works (Bouchoux,
2012).
Employees, under the first classification, are determined by common law agency principles
(Bouchoux, 2012). Meaning that "[i]f the person doing the work is an employee under common law
agency principles and the work was done in the scope of employment, the employer...is the
copyright owner" (Bouchoux, 2012, p. 232). While the determining factors are not exhaustive, some
include: the employer maintains control over the work and the worker, the employer's status is such
that supports a business relationship, duration of the relationship, skill level of the employee, and
benefits provided to the hired individual (Bouchoux, 2012).
On the other hand, specially commissioned works is a work that is created by an independent
contractor, but owned by the commissioning party. To meet this exception, three conditions must be
met: the work must be specially ordered, the parties must agree to such in writing, and the work
must fall into a category governed by section 101 of the Copyright Law. If all the conditions are met
except the last one, it is not a work for hire.

Requirements For Querying The Web Of Linked Data
5. Requirement for Web of Linked Data.
5.1 Approaches for Querying the Web of Linked Data.
5.1.1 Live Exploration Approaches.
This kind of approach make use of the character of ("Webs of Linked Data"), in the existence of data
links. To execute a requested Linked Data query, live exploration systems perform a recursive URI
lookup process during which they incrementally discover further URIs that also qualify for lookup.
Thus, such a system explores the queried Web by traversing data links at query execution time.
While the data retrieved during such an exploration allows for a discovery of more URIs to look up,
it also provides the basis for constructing the query result. Live exploration systems may not need to
look up all URIs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, a hybrid approach may use an index to determine a suitable set of seed URIs as input
for a subsequent live exploration process. This process may than feedback information for updating,
for expanding, or for reorganizing the index. An alternative idea is a hybrid approach that uses an
index only to prioritize discovered data links and, thus, to control a live exploration process.
5.2 Querying of Web of Linked Data using SPARQL.
We observed two interesting findings from the history of relational and XML databases. Firstly,
from query perspective, it is desirable that an existing query language is extended to retrieve a new
type of data, allowing information from two formats to be correlated. For instance, use SQL to query
both existing relational data and new XML data. Secondly, from data management perspective, it is
valuable to express existing data with a newly–defined data model and query them with the
corresponding query language. For example, publish relational data in an XML form for exchange
purpose and use XQuery to retrieve them from databases. Here, we briefly summarize the potential
interoperability of semantic web with relational and XML databases from data management and
query perspectives.
Table 1 illustrates some extensions of existing query languages for access to new types of the data. It
is well–known that SQL is extended to query both relational and XML data, namely SQL/XML,
allowing SQL queries to create XML structures with a few

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