Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: IEEE 1547 and Microgrids, presented by Tom Key, EPRI, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.

1. © 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEEE 1547 and
Microgrids
Tom Key
Senior Technical Executive
EPRI
Baltimore, MD
August 30, 2016

2. 2
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEEE P1547 WG Meeting at National Grid
Collaboration with All Stakeholders
Including Regulatory/Policy Needed

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IEEE 1547 – 2003
 DR shall not actively regulate the voltage
at the PCC
 DR shall cease to energize if frequency
>60.5Hz
 Tighter abnormal V/F trip limits and
clearance times
IEEE 1547a - 2014
 DR may actively participate to regulate
the voltage by changes of real and
reactive power
 DR shall be permitted to provide
modulated power output as a function of
frequency
 Much wider optional V & F trip limits and
clearance times
 Under mutual agreement between the
EPS and DR operators, other static or
dynamic frequency and clearing time trip
settings shall be permitted.
Smart Inverters: Adjusting to the Times…
Straighforward… Unknown…
Voltage
Management
Bulk
System
Support
Comm. &
Interactivity

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Background on Interconnection Requirements for DER
2005
2011
FERC SGIP (Small Generator
Interconnection Procedure)
IEEE 1547-20032003
2000
California Rule 21, IEEE1547 project
Updated California Rule 21
(consistent with IEEE 1547-2003)
IEEE 1547a-2014
2014
2015
2016
Updated California Rule 21
(goes far beyond IEEE 1547a-2014)
2018
IEEE 1547rev-20xx
Revisions in IEEE 1547a-2014:
 Allows DER1 to support voltage
via real/reactive power
 Permits frequency/watt functions
 Optional widening of trip limits and
clearance times
 Dynamic trip limits now allowed
Refine in IEEE 1547rev-20xx:
 Ride-through
 Voltage Support
 Communication/Control
 Anti-islanding detection
1 distributed energy resources

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
We have well defined grid support functions
 Remote ON/OFF
 Power Factor Control
 Volt / var
 Volt / Watt
 Frequency /Watt
 Reactive Power Control
 Low/ High Voltage and Frequency Ride Through
 Power Curtailment
Go to www.epri.com and search 3002002233
IEC 61850-90-7
IEC 61850 Object Models for
Photovoltaic, Storage, and Other
DER inverters
Draft Version 10a

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Theory: Generation Should Have Ride-Through
Capability
Source: EPRI, Common Functions for Smart
Inverters, Version 3, 3002002233, Feb 2014
Voltage
Management
Bulk
System
Support
Comm. &
Interactivity

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Inverter Settings are Critical
Varying Impacts Based Upon Settings Chosen
%AvailableVars
% voltage
Unity Power Factor
%AvailableVars
% voltage
100%
0.95
1.05
-100%
1.0V
%AvailableVars
% voltage
100%
0.99
1.01
-100%
1.0
ReactivePower
Active Power
Constant Power Factor (absorbing)
Volt-var 1
Volt-var 2
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PVTerminalVoltage(pu)
Time (seconds)
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PVTerminalVoltage(pu)
Time (seconds)
Unity Power Factor
Volt-var 1
Volt-var 2
Constant power factor (absorbing)
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PVTerminalVoltage(pu)
Time (seconds)
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540
PVTerminalVoltage(pu)
Time (seconds)
If wrong set points are used, adverse impacts
can occur
0
0.5
1
PVActive
Power
Voltage
Management
Bulk
System
Support
Comm. &
Interactivity

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Daily Energy and Voltage Profile at one Customer
Solar Rooftop PVSolar Rooftop PV
With volt/var control
Primary Voltage
0.9
0.925
0.95
0.975
1
1.025
1.05
0 4 8 12 16 20
Hour
Voltage(pu)
Baseline – No PV
20% PV
20% PV with
volt/var control
Customer Load Customer PV
VARsGenerated
Capacitive
Inductive
System
Voltage
V1 V2 V3
V4
Q1
Q4
Q3Q2
Volt-Var Control
24 Hour Simulation

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PV without Smart Inverter Control PV with Smart Inverter Control
2500 cases shown
Each point = highest primary voltage
ANSI voltage limit
ANSI voltage limit
Increasing penetration (kW)
MaximumFeederVoltage(pu)
MaximumFeederVoltages(pu)
Increasing penetration (kW)
No observable violations regardless of PV size/location
Possible violations based upon PV size/location
Observable violations occur regardless of size/location
Minimum Hosting Capacity
Maximum Hosting Capacity
Minimum Hosting Capacity
Max Hosting Capacity
Theory: Inverter grid support makes a big
difference….reality is settings are critical
Voltage
Management
Bulk
System
Support
Comm. &
Interactivity

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Architecture for DER Integration
DERMS
SOLAR BATTERY PEV
MDMS OMS
Enterprise Integration
GIS Etc.
DRASDMS
DERMS = Distributed Energy Resource Management System
ADMS
GAP Area
Maturing, Well Defined Interfaces

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary IEEE P1547 Full Revision as of June 28, 2016
 Voltage regulation – near completion
 Under- and Over-voltage and frequency ride through – near
completion
 Power Quality (harmonics, flicker, TOV) – near completion?
 Communication (monitoring and control) – need additional
work
 Interoperability – need additional work
 Unintentional islanding prevention – need additional work
 Microgrid – early stage
 Interconnection test requirements – early stage
 Simulation and modeling data requirements – early stage

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
Contact:
Tom Key, EPRI Knoxville, TN
865-218-8082
tkey@epri.com

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Knoxville House PV/Load: 1-Minute Data

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© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Grid Provides Balancing without Battery –
For example the Zero Energy House