By the year 2022 in India we will face great challenge of integration of renewable energy to power grid.The slides give indication about it

1. Grid Integration of
Renewable Energy
By
Priyabrata Patnaik
Director (Regulatory Affairs)
Odisha Electricity Regulatory Commission
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2. Renewable Energy Capacity
• Govt. of India has ambitious plan of achieving 175 GW renewable
capacity by 2022.Out of this Solar-100 GW
Wind-60GW
Small Hydro-5GW
Bio Energy-10GW
• Total projected Installed capacity: 554GW, Renewable (Solar+Wind
=160GW) (around 30%)
• Grid Integration of Intermittent power like Solar and Wind is a
challenge
• Grid Integration Through Market operation
Through Standards

3. Net Load Curve (Duck Curve)
• Net load =(total demand) –( demand met through renewable sources). An
all India load curve and net load curve (called duck curve) considering 20
GW of renewable generation
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4. Types of Integration
Grid Integration Market Operation
Technical Standards
Market Operation
Imbalances Congestion
Management
Ancillary Market Scheduling and
forecasting
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5. Electricity Market
Imbalances
Congestion
Management
Electricity Market
Ancillary Services
Scheduling
and Dispatch
According to “Sally Hunt” famous author of the book Making Competition
work in Electricity ,the Market has four pillars
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6. Imbalance Management
•Flexi Generation(Load- Generation Balance)
Load Following Plant
FGMO
Droop characteristic is defined as the percentage change in speed for a
change in load from no load to full load. The droop of the hydro turbines will
be around 2 to 3% where as that of the steam turbines will be 4 to 5%. A 5%
droop or regulation means that a 5% frequency deviation causes 100%
change in valve position or power output.
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7. Imbalance Management cont…
• Advantage of FGMO
 Case-1
If due to some reasons, a generator of 200 MW trips
and no unit is under FGMO, the dip in frequency will be
50 X 200/10000 = 1 Hz.
 Case-2
If FGMO is available only for 5000 MW due to
disabling of the governing action in other sets, then the
frequency drop will be50 X (200/5000) X 5/100 = 0.1 Hz.
 Case-3
If FGMO is available for all the 10000 MW, the dip in
frequency will be50 X (200/10000) X 5/100 = 0.05 Hz only.
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8. Imbalance Management Contd…
• Spinning Reserve
 As per National Electricity Plan 5% of the installed capacity should be kept
as spinning reserve.
 Three types of spinning reserves-Primary control
-Secondary control
-Tertiary control
Area Control Error (ACE= Ptie+k f). Secondary control signals are generated
at control centres (RLDCs or SLDCs)
Automatic Generation
Control
Reserve Start Full availability End
Primary reserve Immediate < 30s >15 min
Secondary Control
reserve
> 30 s <15min As long as required or
till replaced by
Tertiary Reserves
Tertiary control
reserve (load
following, Manual)
Usually > 15 min to Hours
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9. Imbalance Management Contd…
Energy Storage
• Solid State Batteries - a range of electrochemical storage solutions,
including advanced chemistry batteries and capacitors
• Flow Batteries - batteries where the energy is stored directly in the
electrolyte solution for longer cycle life, and quick response times
• Flywheels - mechanical devices that harness rotational energy to
deliver instantaneous electricity
• Compressed Air Energy Storage - utilizing compressed air to create
a potent energy reserve
• Thermal - capturing heat and cold to create energy on demand
• Pumped Hydro-Power - creating large-scale reservoirs of energy
with water
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10. Imbalance Management Contd…
• Contribution of storage
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11. Imbalance Management Contd…
• Contribution of storage
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12. Imbalance Management Cont..
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13. Imbalance Management Contd…
• FERC has introduced pay for the performance which is based
on the mileage exactly provided by the supplier to the
frequency regulation.
Energy supplied by a fast asset for
frequency regulation
Energy supplied by a slow asset for
frequency regulation
• Pay for the performance
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14. Ancillary Services and Congestion Management
• CERC (Ancillary Services Operation) Regulation, 2015
promulgated
• Reserve Regulation Ancillary Services Regulation Up Service
Regulation Down Service
• CERC (Measures to relieve Congestion in Real Time Operation)
Regulation, 2009 Congestion charges levied if drawal is more
than schedule in a congested (>TTC) inter-
regional link or intra-regional link in addition
to deviation charges.
• Solar and wind should not pay the congestion charges since they are
not properly dispatchable.
• National Green Corridor programme (Rs.43000 Cr.)
Phase-I Phase-II
(Inter State Transmission) (Connecting 33 Solar Parks) (Odisha)
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15. Scheduling and Dispatch
• Deviation Charge in case of under injection
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16. Scheduling and Dispatch
• Deviation Charge in case of over injection
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17. Connectivity Standards
• CEA has introduced connectivity standards for the integration of
renewable energy which inter alia states as follows.
 Harmonic current injection as per IEEE Standard 519 and IEC
61000 respectively.
 The DC current injection shall not be greater than 0.5% of the
full rated output.
 The wind generating stations connected to the grid at 66 kV
voltage level and above shall have the fault ride through
capability for the fault time or for 300 ms whichever is less.
• LVRT
 Wind generator shall supply active power for voltage retained.
 Maximize supply of reactive current till voltage improves or 300
ms.
 Full active power after fault is clear.
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18. OERC interconnection provision
• Inter-connection point:
 In relation to wind energy projects and Solar Photovoltaic
Projects, inter-connection point shall be line isolator of the
outgoing feeder on HV side of the pooling sub-station;
 In relation to small hydro power, biomass power, renewable
based co-generation power projects, solar thermal power projects
and Municipal Solid Waste based projects the inter-connection
point shall be line isolator of outgoing feeder on HV side of the
generator transformer;
 Provided that in relation to Renewable Energy Sources having
installed capacity of less than 1 MW the interconnection point
shall be the nearest distribution system as agreed by the
Licensee.
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19. 19
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