East Vs West Germany Research Paper

East Vs West Germany Research Paper
Not surprisingly Germany, like many other countries, has different types of people and work in
different parts of the country. Nothing exemplifies this better than East and West Germany. The
country originally split into four sections after the collapse of Germany in WWII. Each world
superpower (United States, France, Britain, and Soviet Union) had a section of the country. In 1946,
reparation talks broke down between the Soviet Union and western sections which made the
Americans, French, and British merge their areas into what is called the west. The west's mission
was to revive the German economy, and this scared the Soviet Union because the merging of these
sections and them working together would give them more power than they had in the
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Angela Merkel Research Paper
Merkel was born in Hamburg, Germany to a Lutheran pastor father and a Latin and English teacher
mother. After her birth, her family moved to communist East Germany, then known as the German
Democratic Republic. In the same year Merkel's family moved east, 20,000 other Germans fled
west. It was her time under a communist regime where, "she gathered the qualities cultivated as a
necessity in the East–patience, blandness, intellectual rigor and an inconspicuous but ferocious
drive–and changed not only her life but the course of history" (Vick).
Merkel became involved in politics as a youth, joining Germany's Young Pioneers and Free German
Youth in the 1960s. The group was technically voluntary but, for children in the east, it was
practically necessary if you wanted to be accepted into any university. In 1973, Angela began
studding physics at Karl Marx University (now known as University of Leipzig). In 1986, she ...
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Angela was working under and was considered the protégé of Helmut Kohl, the first Chancellor of
reunified Germany. By this time, Angela had risen to party–secretary general under Kohl's
leadership. He often referred to her as "my girl." The mentor mentee relationship between the two,
however, meant nothing when Angela saw her shot to take his position as party leader. When Kohl
was implicated in a financial scandal, the majority of his party stood idly by. Not Merkel, she
shocked the political world when she not only spoke out against her mentor but also called for his
resignation as party leader. Angela replaced him in 2000 (Huggler).
In 2005, Merkel won her seat by a narrow 3 seat margin defeating Chancellor Gerhard Schröder.
However, under the German election procedures this did not award her with the win. It was not until
two weeks later when the CDU agreed to a coalition deal with the Social Democrats (SPD) was
Angela declared Germanys first female Chancellor. She has been reelected twice

The Brandenburg Gate Essay
The Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate is the trademark of Berlin and over the coarse of its life has been the symbol
of peace, victory, power, division, hope, and a united Germany. The gate is a symbol for Germany
much like the Eiffel tower is a symbol for France. The gate is located on the Pariser Platz. It is the
only gate of a series of gates that once stood in Berlin. The gate is located on Berlin's most famous
street the "Unter den Linden," or "Under the Lime Trees." This street is straight as an arrow, a mile
in length and leads directly to the royal residence. Due to these conditions the gate is visible from a
great distance.
Karl Gotthard Langhans was the designer of The original Brandenburg Gate which was ... Show
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The main architectural design of this landmark has not changed since it was first constructed in
1791. However its symbolism has evolved over the course of Germany's history and has had some
minor architectural changes as a side effect.
In 1806 Napoleon passed beneath this gate as conqueror of Prussia and ordered that The Quadriga
be sent to Paris and that a gate be built for it to sit on. It was exhibited at the Louvre museum, until
the Arc de Triomphe in Paris was finished at which point The Quadriga was placed atop the Arc de
Triomphe. In 1814 The Quadriga was recaptured and brought back to Berlin. This symbol of peace
was changed after the German victory over France and the woman became Victoria, the goddess of
Victory by adding a Prussian eagle on an iron cross to her ensemble. They also named the square in
front of her "The Place of Paris".
In 1933 the National Socialists marched through the gate in a martial torch parade, with them came
the darkest chapter of German history, The gate went from being a symbol of victory to a symbol of
the Third Reich. The gate became the starting point for parades down the Straße unter den Linden,
for the Nazi military, that used the gate to symbolize their power. (source 3)
The Gate was seriously damaged during the Second World War and was restored in the

The War Of The Cold War
How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War?
The Cold War was a "competition" between the Soviet Union and the United States of America,
occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did
not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46–year–long war began immediately after
the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, "He
hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated Jews." In contrast, others believe that it was
America who had started the war, by stating, "Among democratic countries it was only in the USA
that presidents were elected against communism." To others, the bombing of Hiroshima, which took
place on August 6, 1945, sent a signal to the Soviets that the USA had used the atomic bomb on
Japan, and would not hesitate using it on other countries. The war, characterized by the icy
relationship between the two countries, included a number of aspects: the economic impact on both
sides, the Space Race, the strong military coalitions, the sophisticated weapons development, and
the steep financial costs. The Cold War ended in 1991, during Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's
tenure. Gorbachev introduced Glasnost, the allowing of western goods to be imported, and
perestroika, the easing of the government's control on the economy. The reality set in that the Cold
War was over when the Soviet Union dissolved into 15 separate and independent countries

West Germany Research Paper
In this lesson, we explore the evolution of Germany after the reunification of East Germany and
West Germany in 1990 and the lasting legacy of communism.
!!!Germany After Communism
Breakups are hard. Whether it's a divorce or the split of two long–term partners, the process is never
easy. As difficult as breaking up can be, the same two people coming back together is usually an
even more arduous task. It's not that much easier for countries. But it was exactly this process which
occurred in 1990 in Germany. What made it even harder was that Germany's two halves had
completely different economic and political legacies; West Germany was a democratic, capitalist
state, while East Germany was a single–party communist country. In this lesson, we ... Show more
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East Germans tended to view the attitude of West Germans as competitive, arrogant, and aggressive.
Moreover, they resented the prosperity of western Germany. West Germans found East Germans'
behavior similarly peculiar. West Germans viewed East Germans as passive at best, lazy at worst.
They were resentful of the reopened east, which many western Germans viewed as a drain on their
economy.
While these differences persisted, German politicians worked to get Germany out of the deep
economic rut into which it had fallen. In the late 1990s, the government of Chancellor Gerhard
Schroder attempted to streamline Germany's highly bureaucratized public welfare system and lessen
the system's costs in preparation for the large number of Germans who would soon reach old age. In
addition, the German government lowered taxes to encourage domestic business and foreign
investment.
These policies, coupled with a period of global economic prosperity in the early 2000s, helped make
Germany the economic powerhouse of Europe. Today, with Chancellor Angela Merkel (first elected
in 2005) Germany remains the economic backbone of the European Union and is a major player
internationally as a G7 country and a regular rotating member of the UN Security

The Lack Of A Central Holocaust Memorial
ecrying the lack of a central Holocaust memorial in Germany, a group of German citizens begins a
decade–long campaign for a highly visible, national "Memorial to Europe 's Murdered Jews." The
idea for the memorial is first proposed by journalist Lea Rosh and historian Eberhard Jaeckel who
together had made a documentary about the deportation and mass murder of Europe 's Jews between
1933 and 1945.
November 1992
Key decisions
The German government decides that the memorial should be devoted only to Jewish victims of the
Holocaust and designates a prominent location in the center of the newly–unified city of Berlin: The
five–acre site will lie due south of the Brandenburg Gate, which until 1989 had divided East and
West Berlin. The site is also just a few steps from the buried remains of the bunker where Adolf
Hitler committed suicide. Amidst the Berlin 's tremendous construction boom (which garnered it the
nickname "Europe 's Hong Kong"), the monument is but one of many construction projects that
anticipate the relocation of the German federal government from Bonn to Berlin by the year 2001 ––
the same year that the monument is scheduled to be unveiled.
November 1993
Another memorial is dedicated
Germany dedicates one of its central monuments, the "Neue Wache," or New Guard House, to "the
victims of war and tyranny." Inside is a classical statue of a woman cradling her grown, slain son, an
enlargement of one of German Chancellor Helmut Kohl 's favorite works. Critics

Essay about Germany
Germany
Basic Facts
Germany is in central Europe, at 50 degrees latitude, and 10 degrees longitude. It is bordered by
Denmark, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg,
France, Switzerland, Austria, Czechs Republic, And Poland. The capitol of
Germany is Berlin.
The population of Germany is 81,264,000. The estimated population for
Germany in the year 2000 is 82,583,000. Germany is smaller than Texas, or about 4 1/2% of the size
of the U.S.A.
The German flag has black, red, and gold, horizontal stripes without any symbols on it. In 1950
when Germany was divided, West Germany's flag was black, red, and dark gold, with no symbols.
East Germany's flag was black, red and, yellow with a coat of arms symbol in ... Show more content
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They have the same kinds of domestic animals we do, and as well as forest animals. In the North
German Plain which is mostly farm area, there are sheep, cattle, horses, hogs, poultry, and dairy
cows.
There are five different land regions in Germany. The first is the
North German Plain. It is the largest land region, and is low and nearly flat. The southern edge of
this area has very fertile soil. There are many farms here, and many people here and in cities such as
Bonn, and
Cologne.
The second land region is The Central Highlands. This area is a series of plateaus that range from
almost flat to mountainous. There are steep, narrow valleys, and the Rhine River runs through this
area. It is one of the most beautiful sights in Germany.
The South German Hills, have long parallel ridges that go from southwest to northeast. Sheep are
raised here, and the lowlands between the ridges have some of the best farm lands in Germany.
The fourth land region in Germany is The Black Forest. Many old

German legends and fairy tails take place here. The Black Forest gets it's name from the thick
forests of dark fir and spruce trees that are on the mountainsides. The fifth land region is the
Bavarian Alps. It is part of the largest mountain system in Europe, the Alps. They rise more than
6,000 feet, and
Zugspitze is the highest point in Germany at 9,721 feet. This region has
many

Demographic Transition and Environmental Timeline of...
Demographic and Environmental Timeline
Demographic transition is the process by which a nation/country moves from high birth rate and
high death rates to low birth and low death rates as the growth population in the interim (Weeks,
2005). Some of the nations that have gone through this transitions are; Canada, Germany, United
States and England. The demographic transition to an industrialized society is harmful to the
environment. Industrialized countries also have the largest ecological and carbon footprint
comparative to developing/non–industrialized nations. Nevertheless, demographic transitions have
some notable advantages. Countries that have gone through demographic transitions have low birth
and death rates. Citizens in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hitler can reduce the number of unemployment from 6 million in 1933 to 2.6 million in December
1934. Additionally, women are encouraged to venture into businesses.
Changing Population Size: With the signing of Versailles treaty in 1919, the population size is on the
increase as the country is stable due to the peaceful agreement. Besides, the nation is becoming
industrialized as it started some activities such as mining hence people are confident of residing in
Germany.
Birth and Death Rates: During this period, there are high birth rates compared to death rates
following the end of the world wars. Peace is slowly coming in the country thus encouraging
women to bear children once more.
Environmental Impact: Environmental impact is on the increase due to Industrialization. The nation
is advancing slowly in technology.
Stage 3 1960 Major Historical Changes: The East Germany government erects a wall to prevent its
citizens from going to West Germany. Another historical change was the voting system that changed
the voting age from 21 to 18 years (Coy, 1970). The Social Democratic Federal Chancellor Willy
Brandt leads the West in easing tension with the East. He kneels in Warsaw before the memorial for
the victims of Jewish uprising as a symbol of a German plea for reconciliation. However,
subsequent terrorist acts followed which made Germany to debate on the usage of Atomic Weapons.
The Berlin Wall fell in

Analysis Of Brezhnev 's Policies During The Soviet Union
Brezhnev's policies, although initially stemming as negative towards easing relations and tensions
both at home and at the international level, they usually ended up benefiting in one way or another.
And even though the USSR invested heavily in agricultural production and failed to increase
production proportionately, the standard of living for those living on the country side improved
greatly.
The same equation could be applied to Brezhnev's biggest international policy which, although
wanting to aid Arab wars and fund communist movements while holding down movements against
communism, eventually brought to Russia an agreement with the US to limit arms and later on with
the rest of the powers to finalize the border adjustments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "Perestroika" policy was announced in 1986 and was another attempt to reorganize the
economy.
For the first time in Soviet history, the word "Glasnost" was spelled out to the nation.
Gorbachev wanted to bring freedom to the people, ease the Party's control over the media and
release thousands of political prisoners.
This was a radical change since control of speech and suppression of any government criticism had
previously been the foundation of the Soviet regime.
In 1988 the Law on Cooperatives became among the most radical economic reforms Gorbachev
started.
For the first time since Vladimir Lenin's "New Economic Policy" in the 1920s, the bill permitted
private business in the country.
As a result, private restaurants, shops and other businesses were introduced to the Soviet public,
while several major "All–Union" companies fell into restructuring.
Air giant Aeroflot was split up, eventually becoming several independent airlines that were
encouraged to seek foreign investment.
In his strive to reduce the Party's control over the government, Gorbachev proposed a change to a
presidential system and created a new political body known as the Congress of People's Deputies
which was formed in the Soviet Union's first free democratic election.
On 15 March 1990, following another vote, Mikhail Gorbachev became President of the USSR.
By the end of Perestroika more Soviet republics wanted to

Foreign Policy And Trade Regulation
Over the course of the semester we have discussed the European integration in areas such as justice,
currency, foreign policy and trade regulation. As it stands, member nations are incredibly
intertwined in common policies which serve to create a unified Europe. However, one large area that
has been left untouched by integration has been a common, European military. Though European
member states are highly integrated as part of their membership in the EU, Europe's currently
military policies are insufficient, and their inability to create a military force is shaped by issues of
sovereignty and identity. In this paper I will examine why Europe struggles to coordinate defense
efforts. I will do so by examining the history of European ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To best understand NATO and the EuroCorps, one must know the evolution of Europe's military
cooperation in conjunction with the Union's overall integration. Europe's military policy has been
shaped by The Treaty of Brussels, the European Defense Community (EDC), the North Atlantic
Treaty, and the Western European Union respectively. In 1947, as part of the aftermath of WW2,
Britain and France signed the Treaty of Dunkirk. The two parties agreed to provide mutual
assistance to one another in the event that Germany again showed aggressions as it did during the
war. The Treaty of Dunkirk was the first treaty of military cooperation in Europe, and it ultimately
paved way for the Western European Union. Two weeks after signing the Treaty of Dunkirk, the
partnership was extended to Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, and was renamed the
Treaty of Brussels. The Treaty of Brussels contained only ten articles, but its comprehensive content
gave the signatories power to defend themselves collectively. Most important to the treaty was
Article 4, which stated that if any of the parties should be the object of an armed attack in Europe,
the other parties would give necessary military assistance, and provide any other aid they could
feasibly give to the country under attack.

The Berlin Wall Of Berlin
The years following the fall of the Berlin wall brought Germany closer together as one country. The
east side of Berlin was communist, whereas the west side was socialist/democratic. The Berlin wall
was often referred to as a symbol of the cold war and the inner conflict of Germany. It showed the
different ideologies of the USA and USSR and their systems of government. Officially known as the
"Anti–Fascist–Protective Wall" by the east, and the "Wall of Shame" by the West, it physically
divided the city of Berlin from August 13, 1961 to November 9, 1989. The fall of the Berlin Wall
was beneficial for the economies of Germany and the US.
The reunification of Germany happened on October 3, 1990 when East Germany joined the Federal
Republic. Guenter Schabowski announced the opening of the Berlin wall, putting an end to the 28
years of division. He announced this offhandedly during a press conference, by saying that the East
was lifting the travel restrictions across the border to the West. He then looks down at his notes,
stammering "As far as I know, this enters into force...this is immediately, without delay" (East
German announces Berlin wall open). Upon hearing this, East Berliners stormed to the wall and
demanded to be let through. Although border guards had not been given this order, they let people
through after seeing the numbers. Soon after the opening of the walls, the Soviet Union fell apart.
Representatives from eleven of the fifteen Soviet Republics

Case Study: The Airbus Affair in Canada
The Airbus Affair Introduction The scandal in Canada involving Brian Mulroney and Karlheinz
Schreiber revolving around deals with the Airbus Company is said to be the longest–running scandal
in the history of Canada. The official government report published by the "Commission of Inquiry
into Certain Allegations Respecting Business and Financial Dealings Between Karlheinz Schreiber
and the Right Honourable Brian Mulroney" concluded that on three different occasions Mulroney
received ""¦thousands of dollars in cash, in envelopes," from Schreiber. This paper delves into the
illegal arrangement and reports on the results of investigations as well as noting what questions
might have been left unanswered at the conclusion of the official investigations. The Airbus Affair
The CBC News team called "The Fifth Estate" has published stories about the scandal and provides
videos of its reports on the Internet based on the events surrounding the scandal. Their summaries of
the various phases of the corruption are succinct and direct. In 1988 Air Canada made a deal to
purchase 34 Airbus jets (A–320) but right away, according to The Fifth Estate, there were "rumours
and allegations that the deal was tainted with secret payouts" payouts based on the suggestion that
Airbus needed assurance that it indeed got the lucrative contract (CBC). This secret "deal" involved
German businessman who had Canadian citizenship, Karlheinz Schreiber, and his "European shell
company" called

The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, also known as the Holocaust Memorial, is a
monument in Berlin to commemorate the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. The Memorial for the
Murdered Jews of Europe causes us to reflect on how the transgressive gesture of architecture puts
the issue of balance between the medium and the message into question. The memorial could have
been viewed as a way to threaten the importance of remembrance. According to Elke Grenzer,
"Architecture itself in a commemorative gesture because it wants to commemorate its action in its
present as something that might not be lost in the future." An abundance of political drama about the
memorial almost caused the world to forget the significance of the structure. After the Berlin Wall
came down, Germany had to find their own self–identity while memorializing the Jews, which led
to a debate on how to successfully move on as a nation. The monument appears to be the preserver
of Holocaust memory, however it is the people of Germany and what they created after visiting the
memorial that safeguards the Holocaust memory. The Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe
avoids giving a full description of Germany's role in the 'Final Solution.' As noted in the article, The
Topographies of Memory in Berlin: The Neue Wache and the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of
Europe, Elke Grenzer pointed out that Germany was responsible for creating a memorial that not
only included Germany or Berlin's Jewry, but also the

Essay On How Did America Win The Cold War
How Did America, With the Help Of Ronald Reagan, Win The Cold War?
The Cold War was a "competition" between the Soviet Union and the United States of America,
occurring from approximately 1945 through 1991. The Cold War received its name because it did
not evolve into armed warfare or physical conflict. The 46–year–long war began immediately after
the conclusion of World War II. Some believe it was Joseph Stalin who started it by saying, "He
hated westerners in the same way as Hitler hated Jews." In contrast, others believe that it was
America who had started the war, by stating, "Among democratic countries it was only in the USA
that presidents were elected against communism." To others, the bombing of Hiroshima, which took
place on August 6, 1945, sent a signal to the Soviets that the USA had used the atomic bomb on
Japan, and would not hesitate using it on other countries. The war, characterized by the icy
relationship between the two countries, included a number of aspects: the economic impact on both
sides, the Space Race, the strong military coalitions, the sophisticated weapons development, and
the steep financial costs. The Cold War ended in 1991, during Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's
tenure. Gorbachev introduced Glasnost, the allowing of western goods to be imported, and
perestroika, the easing of the government's control on the economy. The reality set in that the Cold
War was over when the Soviet Union dissolved into 15 separate and independent countries

The Many Forms of Hate Crimes Essay
The Many Forms of Hate Crimes
The issue of hate crimes has greatly affected the way in which people interact. A hate crime is
defined as any act of violence or verbal slashing of a person based upon race, religious belief, or
one's sexuality. There are several other grounds for determining a hate crime depending upon
guidelines in written laws. Hate crimes are said to have originally derived from the unjust treatment
of Jewish cultures during the Holocaust in World War II. Slavery of African Americans in the early
to mid 1900s has also been deemed a cause of hate crimes. The issue of hate has completely
engulfed the media with questions and proposed answers on how and why some of these ungodly
acts could have taken place. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan serve as a basis to the ideology of white supremacy and anti–
Semitism. Recently, several white supremacists have been arrested for threats on anti–hate group
officials. Alexander James Curtis and Michael Brian DaSilva were arraigned in federal court with
felony charges of a two–year hate crime spree against Hispanic and Jewish Politicians. Both
politicians had spoken out against unjust treatment of minorities in the past. (Article 3) The ideology
of the Ku Klux Klan has also appeared in Moscow recently as former member David Duke spoke
against "world Zionism" and preached of expulsion of dark skinned people. The slogan of the Ku
Klux Klan, "Glory to Russia" and "White Power" is still evident the crowd in Moscow. (Article 4)
Aside from the rise in racial discriminative acts, hate crimes against homosexuals pose as the one of
the largest problems in recent news. With the current rise of gay and lesbian marriages, many
individuals are protesting that this action is not acceptable and in violent ways. Police and Congress
have their hands full sending out large task forces and passing laws to put a stop to harmful protests.
The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force declared October 19th "National Hate Crimes Call–In
Day." The

Boundestag Essay
BUNDESTAG:
This article is about the current parliament of Germany. For the governing body of the Germany.
Confederation from 1815 to 1866, see Bundesversammlung (German Confederation).
Confederation from 1815 to 1866, see Bundesversammlung (German Confederation).
The Bundestag (Federal Diet; pronounced [ˈbʊndəstaːk]) is a legislative body in Germany. In
practice Germany is governed by a bicameral legislature, of which the Bundestag serves as the
lower house and the Bundesrat the upper house. The Bundestag was established by the German
Basic Law of 1949, as the successor to the earlier Reichstag. It meets in the Reichstag Building in
Berlin. Norbert Lammert is the current President of the Bundestag. With the new constitution of
1949, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Understandably, the opposition parties are active in exercising the parliamentary right to scrutinize
government actions.
One striking difference when comparing the Bundestag with the British Parliament is the lack of
time spent on serving constituents in Germany. This is in part due to Germany's electoral system. A
practical constraint on the expansion of constituent service is the limited personal staff of Bundestag
deputies. Despite these constraints especially those deputies that are elected directly normally try to
keep close contact with their constituents and to help them with their problems, particularly when
they are related to federal policies or agencies.
Constituent service does also take place in the form of the Petition Committee. In 2004, the Petition
Committee received over 18,000 complaints from citizens and was able to negotiate a mutually
satisfactory solution to more than half of them. In 2005, as a pilot of the potential of internet
petitions, a version of e–Petitioner was produced for the Bundestag. This was a collaborative project
involving The Scottish Parliament, International Teledemocracy Centre and the Bundestag 'Online
Services Department'. The system was formally launched on 1 September 2005, and in 2008 the
Bundestag moved to a new system based on its evaluation.[1]
ELECTION :
Members serve four–year terms; elections are

The Soviet Union During The Cold War
In 1989, history in the West abruptly shifted course. The communist regimes in Eastern Europe fell,
severing these nations' ties to the Soviet Union and sparking unprecedented political and economic
reforms. Two years later, the Soviet Union itself disintegrated. The Cold War ended along with it, a
sharply defined historical era stretching back to 1914. The end of the Cold War renewed the
commitment to democracy and capitalism in the West, accelerated the existing movement toward
unification in Europe, and left the United States standing as the sole military superpower in the
world. But the collapse of communism did not end all the anxieties present during the Cold War era.
The transition in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union proved ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It changed from a communist dictatorship into a multiparty democracy in which ofﬁcials are chosen
in regular elections. It's centrally planned economy was reshaped into a capitalist order based on
markets and private property. Its army withdrew peacefully from eastern Europe and the former
Soviet republics, allowing the latter to become independent countries. Russia is doing very well
after Communism, it now has economic success and general equality.
3.Issues and Points
a.The collapse of communism
i.The Soviet Union to 1985
ii.Solidarity in Poland
iii.Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union
b.The revolutions of 1989
i.The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe
ii.The disintegration of the Soviet Union
iii.German unification at the end of the Cold War
c.Building a new Europe in the 1990's

i.Recasting Russia
ii.Progress and tragedy in Eastern Europe
iii.Unity and identity in Western Europe
d.New challenges in the twenty–first century
i.The prospect of population decline
ii.The growth of immigration
iii.Promoting human rights
iv.The al–Qaeda attacks of September 11, 2001
v.The West divided and war in the Iraq
e.The future in perspective
4.Main People
a.Gorbachev
i.Instituted a dual program of perestroǐka (restructuring) and glasnost (openness).
ii.He introduced profound changes in economic practice, internal affairs, and international relations.
iii.He brought an end to the Cold War (1945–91).

The Narrative Style Of Angela Merkel, Chancellor Of Germany
Narrative intelligent leaders are significant to organizations, as they lead by storytelling, they are
simultaneously influencing others through trust and communication. The purpose of this
communication analysis is to highlight and describe how the narrative leader style of Angela
Merkel, Chancellor of Germany, ultimately inspires her followers. First, it will provide insight by
outlining her narrative approach based on her speeches, presentations, and podcasts in addition to,
the literature available in narrative communication and leadership. Next, it will delineate the
strengths of her communication style thus enhancing her narrative method. Then, the focus will shift
to bring attention to potential areas of improvement to the narrative approach. Finally, this analysis
will conclude with recommendations which in turn will refine her delivery, aid in conveying her
intended message, and ultimately enrich her narrative intelligent leadership style.
Narrative Communication
Narrative Intelligence is the capacity to understand the world, being familiar with the multi–
dimensions of narratives, to know different patterns of stories exist, to know which narrative
patterns are likely to have what effect in which situation, knowing how to overcome the
fundamental attribution error, and understand the audience's story. Narrative intelligence has been
undeniably dynamic in the leadership style of Chancellor Merkel. Her experiences growing up in
East Berlin were significant in

European Union ( Eu )
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a politico–financial union of 28 part expresses that are found
predominantly in Europe. The EU works through an arrangement of supranational foundations and
intergovernmental–arranged choices by the part states. The establishments are: the European
Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the
European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament.
Every five years, the European Parliament is chosen by the votes of the citizens of the EU.
The EU follows its roots from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European
Economic Community (EEC), framed by the Inner Six nations in 1951 and 1958, ... Show more
The money related union was secured in 1999 and came into full constrain in 2002. It is presently
made out of 19 part expresses that utilization the euro as their circulating medium. Through the
Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has built up a part in outside relations and resistance.
The union keeps up lasting strategic missions all through the world and represents itself at the
United Nations, the WTO, the G8, and the G–20.
With a joined populace of more than 500 million tenants, or 7.3% of the world populace, the EU in
2014 produced an ostensible total national output, or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 18.495
trillion US dollars, constituting give or take 24% of worldwide ostensible GDP and 17% when
measured regarding acquiring force equality. Starting 2014 the EU has the biggest economy on the
planet, producing a GDP greater than some other financial union or nation. Furthermore, 26 out of
28 EU nations have a high Human Development Index, as indicated by the UNDP. In 2012, the EU
was honored the Nobel Peace Prize.
History
Preliminary
After World War II, European assimilation was looked at as an outbreak from the extreme
nationalism that had ravaged the entire continent. The 1948 Hague Congress was a crucial crossroad
in the European government history, as it prompted the formation of the European Movement

Economic Prosperity During The Soviet Union
Economic prosperity was seen between the years of 1965 and 1985, however the division between
Eastern and Western Europe still remained. Also, the disparities in prosperity remained as well. One
of the countries that seen major political developments was the Soviet Union. The years of change
seemed rather unlikely between 1964 and 1982 as Leonid Brezhnev became the man in charge. As
his slogan was "no experimentation" he became the head of the state and the communist party in
1964. Even though he was optimistic and calm, the Brezhnev Doctrine, which stated that the Soviet
Union had the right to intervene if socialism was a threatened in another state, led to Soviet Union
troops being deployed in Czechoslovakia in 1968. The détente allowed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another problem for the Soviet's was that a series of droughts, heavy rains, and early frosts forced
the Soviet's to buy grains from the West, particularly the United States. Nonetheless, by the 1970s, a
ruling system that depended on patronage as a major avenue of advancement was created by the
Soviet's. Ten years later the system did not work as a declining economy led to an increase in
mortality rates, a surge in alcoholism, and a deterioration in working conditions. Within the
Communist Party there was a group of individuals who understood the real condition of the Soviet
Union. Yuri Andropov was a member of this group who understood the condition of the Soviet
Union, however with his deteriorating health, party leaders chose Gorbachev as the Party Secretary
in 1985. His appointing of Gorbachev, allowed for a new era to begin.
Another country that seen major political developments was the Eastern Europe. The attempt for the
Poles and the Hungarians to gain freedom from Soviet domination in 1956 only seen problems. As
Moscow could maintain control over its satellites in Eastern Europe by granting them leeway to
adopt domestic policies appropriate to these conditions, the Soviet leaders began to recognize this
fact. To make socialism more acceptable to their subject populations, as a result Eastern European
Communist leaders adopted reform programs. Continued

The Beveridge Report
World War Two had sharply exposed the imbalances in Britain's social, economic and political
structures. In 1942, a report by Sir William Beveridge, chairman of a Ministry of Health committee,
had advocated a system of national insurance, comprehensive welfare for all and strategies to
maintain full employment. The 'Beveridge Report' formed the basis of Labour pledges in the 1945
election and resulted in a landslide victory. Clement Attlee's (Labour, 1945 – 1951) government
successfully harnessed the wartime sense of unity to create the National Health Service, a national
insurance scheme, a huge programme of nationalisation (including the Bank of England and most
heavy industries) and a massive building program. He also made Britain a nuclear–armed ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On June 1946, 54 percent of Italians had voted to abolish the royal monarchy and they royal family
is expelled from the country to avoid uprisings. Now, they had to create an Italian Constitution, in
which was put into the hands of the Constituent Assembly. This Assembly was made up of the
Christian Democratic Party, the Socialist Party, and the Communist Party. World War II caused high
inflation in Italy and they did not stabilize their economy until 1947. However, once the economy
was stabilized a time called the "Italian Economic Miracle" emerged. This time was of great
economic growth and urbanization. Italy was in ruins after the second world war but it was given
$1,5000 million from the US' Marshall Plan. This was due to the fact they were seen as a democratic
ally and the US was afraid a communist country would take Italy. This money allowed Italy to build
up its steel industry which happened to come at a crucial time when the Korean war was in need of
steel products which boosted the economy. This sudden expansion in industry made Italy a safe
haven for immigrants. Due to the sudden influx of people, suburbs and cheap apartments became
common. The common life for people became much better as products become cheaper and more

German Unification Essay
Germany unification
Why?
Growing ties between the two Germany's and a certain revival of a sense of German national
identity preceded reunification during the 1980s. With the decline of the USSR and the end of the
cold war and the fall of the Berlin wall allowed for German unification in 1990s.
When? How?
On October 3rd 1990 GDR and FRG were formally united.
German reunification posed the challenge of introducing new markets to an economy with none.
The formerly communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) joined the Federal Republic
of Germany (west Germany) It was part of the dramatic demise of communism in Europe as well as
a significant event for economic and political reasons.
It occurred at a time when the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These huge investments gave East Germany the highest growth in Europe.
CONSENSUS??
CHANCELLOR post unification
Kohls prediction that any economic difficulties of unification would be quickly overcome was
proved false, no surprise that this disappointment was widely expressed in both the east and West
Germany.
The government faced a whole range of problems requiring a new style of political leadership.
Four areas which the role of chancellor was affected.
First – Strength of party system was eroded, weakening the supportive infrastructure the chancellor
depends on.
Secondly – Intensification of distributional conflict makes the politics of allocation harder to

manager.
Thirdly – Pressures on federal sustem add complexity to the policy making environment.
Fourthly – Germanys new foreign policy responsibilities heavy burden on the chancellor.
Chancellor and party system Striking features of unification was the way the existing west germany
party system was successfully grafted onto the east. Avoiding unstable coalitions and the need to
deal with different party systems in the two parts of Germany. Although it seems the chancellor
faces no greater difficulties than those of managing the coalition and in dealing with his own party
than he did in the past, his problems although largely the same have intensified. Chancellors from
both major

The Differences Between West Germany And South Korea Essay
Lessons from German unification for the two Koreas: the comparison between West Germany and
South Korea
II. International Relations
International relations of West Germany followed its policy toward East Germany. West Germany's
unification policy can be divided into two major doctrines. First doctrine is the Westpolitik of
Konrad Adenauer, who was the first leader of CDU and the first post–war Chancellor of West
Germany from 1949 to 1963. Adenauer 's policy was based upon Policy of Strength (Politik der
Stärke), and upon the so–called "magnet theory", in which a prosperous, democratic West Germany
integrated with the West would act as a "magnet" that would eventually bring down the East German
regime (Large, 1996). Thus, the two main points of Westpolitik was a reconciliation with France and
participation in the Western alliance system. Adenauer's Germany vigorously sought to solve
vigilance and hostility of the Western countries under the binding force as a member of the alliance
(Kim, 2016). In the Cold War era after the Second World War, the U.S. preferred Adenauer's well–
established pro–Western foreign policy to another alternative, SPD's pro–Russian game. In this
context, Adenauer denied the suggestion of the Soviet, demilitarization of Germany; because he
believed West Germany would be able to absorb East Germany some day with the economic and
military superiority under the NATO treaty. However, Westpolitik faced a criticism after the
construction of the Berlin Wall

The Holocaust : A Profound Effect On Modern History Essay
Final Paper
Dr. Holly Hurlburt
Holocaust Memorial
The Holocaust had a profound effect on modern history. Millions of European Jews lost their lives
during this brutal extermination period. Many Jewish professionals were removed from their
businesses and denied education. Thousands of Jewish businesses were ransacked and destroyed
throughout Germany. In the middle of the night, Nazi officials broke into Jewish homes kidnapping
all Jews regardless of age and gender. These men, women, and children were now confined in
Jewish Ghettos as they awaited deportation to the concentration camps. In these brutal concentration
camps, men, women, and children faced terrible conditions. Forced labor was common and
individuals often died from exhaustion and poor working conditions. Prisoners were denied medical
care and food leading to disease being rampant and many dying from starvation. Brutal executions
were commonplace, and many were shot upon entrance to the camp. Those who were lucky to
survive entry were often sent to showers and gassed. The holocaust is a chilling memory of both the
brutality of humans and the atrocities of World War II at the hands of the Third Reich. In August of
1988, German citizens became outraged over the lack of a central Holocaust memorial in Germany.
A group of them started a decade–long campaign for a strong, national memorial dedicated to
Europe 's Murdered Jews (PBS Frontline). The memorial was first proposed by journalist Lea Rosh
and historian

An Evaluation Of A Democratic Republic
Democracy is a multi–dimensional complex system of which the sum is greater than its individual
parts. Another perspective that can be used to better understand the conceptual framework of
democracy is its identity as a contrast of communism. In the recent century, there have been periods
of revolution where regimes have fallen and a democratic system replaced the oppressive
communist system. The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze Hungary's attempt to
function as a democratic republic beginning with the preceding factors that lead to the transition
from communism to democracy followed by the transition process itself from 1990 to 1991. An
evaluation of the political system fifteen years after the transition will be included in ... Show more
Preceding Factors
In order for a society to progressively function, regardless of what type of political system it adheres
to, the quintessential factor determining its success in this regard requires a stable economy. The
dismal state of the economy in the late 1980's sealed the fate of communism in Hungary by
delegitimizing both Kadar's regime in addition to the communist system as a political and economic
conceptual framework all together (Bigler, 1992). As a result, the loss of faith from the Hungarian
public set the tone for a peaceful political revolution that differed from the prior attempts,
historically known to have been riddled with violence. Firstly, the oppressive political grip of the
Soviet Union known to the Hungarians for the previous four decades was not just absent, it was
replaced with encouragement. Secondly, this newfound encouragement was accompanied with a
lack of suppression; a sharp contrast of the 1956 revolution where the bloody retaliation of the
occupying Soviet Troops successfully suppressed the uprising (Bigler, 1992). The end of Kadar's
rule (1988) was followed by a critical change in political and ideological pace beginning with the
removal and banishment of Kadar and within a year, the complete abandonment of the communist
party's monopoly on power all together. The party itself was renamed from the Communist Party to
the Hungarian Socialist Party and was headed by Karoly Grosz who was the leader behind the coup
that overthrew

Erich Honecker
October 6, 1989: Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev during a visit to East Berlin for the 40th
anniversary of the East German state humiliates the Communist regime of Erich Honecker by
calling for reforms.
The East German regime and other East Bloc governments were rattled by the Soviet leader and
father of perestroika. The previous June he said he supported self–determination for all European
countries, appearing to renounce four decades of Soviet control over countries behind the Iron
Curtain.
October 17, 1989: At least 120,000 demonstrators chanting "We are the people" march through
Leipzig, East Germany, to press demands for democratic freedoms. At the time, it was considered
the largest protest in the Communist state's 40–year history.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is succeeded by the younger Egon Krenz, effectively Honecker's deputy, who begins a new line
of conciliation but without yielding on communist rule.
October 30, 1989: Pressure builds as hundreds of thousands of East Germans gather in the streets of
Leipzig, Halle and Schwerin to call for internal freedoms and the legalization of the New Forum
opposition group. Leader Egon Krenz vows to preserve the Communist Party's hold on power.
November 4, 1989: Close to a million East Germans chanting antiregime slogans rock the
government by demonstrating unopposed in East Berlin, ignoring promises of reforms and adding to
signs that the freedom movement was becoming too large for the communist leaders to stop.
November 7, 1989: East Berlin's entire 44–member Council of Ministers resigns amid mounting
national unrest.
November 8, 1989: Promising reforms, Krenz resigns along with the entire Communist Party
Politburo. He is immediately

Point Of View: Was The Reunification Of Germany Necessary?
Subin Oh
Thomas Meyers
Modern World History 2
April 17, 2015
Point of View (POV) Research Paper
INTRODUCTION
This research paper is based on this controversial question, "Was the reunification of Germany
necessary?". Germany was reunited almost a year after the fall of Berlin Wall, in 1990. It was a
reunification between East Germany, or German Democratic Republic (GDR) and West Germany,
formally called Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Germany was divided after the end of World
War II in 1949. Moreover, Germany was divided because the Europeans wanted to moderate
Germany's power. This reunification of Germany have been viewed differently by East and West
German citizens, the West German chancellor Helmut Kohl, British Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher, and the two historian, Arthur Ciechanowicz and Gert Wagner. HISTORICAL
DEVELOPMENT Germany was formally divided into four Allied occupation zones. The eastern
part of the country went to the Soviet Union, and the western part went to the United States, Great
Britain and France. In fact, Berlin was also divided into these 4 zones. However, as the relationship
between the Soviet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Different points of view allowed controversial thoughts on the outcome of German reunification.
Even though Germans faced many problems after the reunification, Germany turned out to be one of
the big exporters in the world. Although Germany has become a big exporter, there are many inner
conflicts between East and West Germans. The poverty of East Germans are continuously high and
the economic income is low for them. Because there are huge gap between the East and West
Germany even they are united, the German reunification did not 'unify' them. To conclude, the
different aspects on German reunification help the understanding of necessity of German

Angela Merkel The Glass Ceiling
The term "glass ceiling" is an acknowledged barrier that women and members of minorities face
when they try to climb the ladder of success. They physically can see the next achievement, but
ultimately cannot reach it because of their gender or race. Angela Merkel is a product of East
Germany during the cold war, not only did she have the obstacle of being brought up by a
communist regime to overcome, but she had to prove that being a woman would indeed make her a
good leader of the people of Germany. Sometimes accused of being an anti–feminist, Merkel over
time developed here leadership skills to overcome her communist upbringing, major controversies
within her own political party, and the dreaded "Mommy Problem" to become Germany's first
Female Chancellor.
Angela Merkel might be the most powerful women in the world currently, ... Show more content on
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Around this time, Merkel's political career took off. She was elected to the Bundestag in 1990 as
part of the first election after the unification of Germany. Quickly thereafter, she allied with
Chancellor Helmut Kohl, which became her political ticket for the future. As Chancellor following
the unification, Kohl sat in an interesting position. He needed to unite the East and West, but also
there was beginning to be trend to see women in politics. "Seeking to bring in women and East
Germans, he asked her if she "gets along with women" Merkel said yes and become German
minister for women and youth in 1991" (Crawford 36). Since Merkel could "get along with
women," Kohl had his perfect fit and Merkel would begin to climb the political ladder. Not only
would Kohl have his eastern woman, but he would also have a loyal political ally. "Because Kohl
had plucked her from relative obscurity, he could also expect her to remain loyal to him, which she
did until the major campaign financing scandal broke in 1999" (The Rise of Angela Merkel

Essay on Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the...
Autonomy and Political Responsibility after the Cold War
After World War II, Europe emerged as a continent torn between two very different political
ideologies, Communism and Democracy. As the two major superpowers, the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics and the United States, struggled to defend their respective governmental
policies, the European Continent was caught in an intrinsic struggle to preserve the autonomy which
had taken so long to achieve. During the Cold War, Eastern European nations struggled to achieve
autonomy with the help of the West's dedication to break the Soviet sphere of influence. After the
disintegration of the USSR, the struggle for autonomy among nations shifted from an intense,
inward, nationalistic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believed it was necessary to destroy capitalism in their immediate neighboring countries as a
means to protect their own autonomy which had been seriously threatened during both the first and
second world wars. They did this by seizing control of the nearby Eastern countries and forcing
them to adopt the Communist Party policies. As Nikita Khrushchev described in his speech to the
22nd Communist Party Congress, "Our party clearly understands its tasks, its responsibility, and will
do everything in its power to see to it that the world socialist system continues to grow stronger,
gathers fresh strength and develops. We believe that in competitions with capitalism, socialism will
win."2
The Western nations reacted strongly to this Soviet policy of expansion and domination. Winston
Churchill described the growing Soviet control as "an iron curtain (which) has descended upon the
continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and Eastern Europe,
Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these famous cities
and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere."3 Churchill and other democratic leaders
believed that all the Western democracies should "stand together" and defend the Eastern nations
from the Communist influence or else "catastrophe may overwhelm us all."4
Among the Western nations, the United States took the strongest stance against the USSR.

The Skills Approach Analysis of Angela Merkel Essay
The skills approach focuses on the ability to use one's knowledge and competencies to accomplish a
set of goals and objectives. In terms of these competencies, the skills approach identifies three
particular competencies that are related to strong leadership which include: technical skills, human
skills, and conceptual skills. In terms of these competencies, Angela Merkel has demonstrated strong
qualities, made influential decisions, been elected through a public election process, and received
numerous accolades that indicate she has a high level of proficiency and effectiveness in all three
aforementioned competencies associated with the skills approach. The leadership competency of
technical skill can be defined as the knowledge about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Related to politics, high conceptual skills involves begin about to use ideas and policies to
effectively guide a nation to future goals. Further, conceptual skills in politics necessitate a need to
be able to be able to effectively explain these ideas and policies to other leaders and constituents.
Chancellor Merkel displays high conceptual skills, as exhibited by her current involvement in trying
to alleviate the European debt crisis. As noted in the New York Times recently, "The Federal
Constitutional Court in Germany gave Chancellor Angela Merkel a significant victory on
Wednesday in her bid to master the debt crisis that has buffeted the Continent for years and
endangered its common currency, granting approval to one of the main pillars of her strategy"
(Kulish). Further, Merkel possess the ability to explain her ideas effectively, which can be show by
her heavy involvement in negotiations for different debt relief plans in this year's G8 summit
(Rinke). Also, Lastly, the final competency identified by the skills approach is human skills, which
are the knowledge about, and ability to work with people. Further, these skills help a leader to work
effectively with follower, peers, and superiors to accomplish the organizations goals (Northouse, pg
45). A democratic political system such as Germany's necessitates the need

Essay On Reunification Of Berlin Wall
The spotlight of this research will be "To what extent the fall of the Berlin wall caused economic
issues and later the reunification of Germany?'' And will analyze how the fall of this wall cause the
reunification of Germany and the changes in economy and social aspects in this country by this
reunification. When this wall tear down it changed many aspects in all the world, but this
investigation will be center in how much the reunification of Germany affected in the economy and
social life in Germany. So, the speech gave by Günter Schabowski, the responsible of the fall, is
important to reach the purpose of this investigation. Also, an interview with Rudolf Seiters, an
important negotiator in the reunification of Germany, will communicate how it affected the German
Society.
Source: Extract from the speech gave by Günter Schabowski, Press ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In this speech, Gunter Schabowski talks about the new travel laws that would let people travel and
cross the wall into West Germany. He talks about the decisions that Politburo Party made, in order to
control the permanent exit of the Republic and communicate the creation of new travel laws for
people from the GDR. The value of this source takes root in how this speech or the incorrect
interpretation of this one, was a decisive factor for the destruction of the Berlin Wall. Günter
Schabowsi was the spokesman of the Party Politburo of the East German Communist Republic and
he was in charge of communicate an important notice that unintentionally, ended with the wall.
The purpose of Schabowski with his speech was to communicate the new travel laws and regulation,
and communicate that people immediately can travel across the wall. He said this in a press
conference, so his audience was people from the German Democratic Republic, to let them know
about the new regulations created by the Party

Erich Honecker's Monetary Union
After World War II West Germany and East Germany were divided , the West side being separated
into French, American, and British sections. The East was given entirely to the Soviet Union. After
people were flooding out of the country to escape the vengeful Soviets, they decided to put up a wall
around the Allied section of Berlin in 1961. After some time, the Allied Powers decided to reunify
West Germany and bring massive amounts of money into the country. After The Berlin Wall fell in
1989, which allowed for people to escape into the prospering West Germany. The Soviet Union fell
soon after in 1991. While all this was happening in the world, a very significant event was appearing
on the horizon. During the mid 1990's on a July night, West ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the East amenities like free nurseries and preschooling. Parents got 1000 Marks (the currency at
the time) for every child born. Free meals were also provided in these child care systems. As a result
of these policies, there were many more working mothers in the East than in the West. In the East
recycling was encouraged, because of lack of raw materials. When children collected bottles, scrap
metal, or paper. They got paid for their labors, but unfortunately As soon as the GDR agency in
charge of recycling stopped paying in 1990, the volume of materials it collected sharply dropped by
90 percent. Soon after, it was forced to close all 16,000 recycling centers and fire 11,000 staff. Life
in the West was flourishing, a lot of new businesses came about, new democratically elected leaders
brought about new social and economic policies. People were allowed to travel where they wished,
unlike their Eastern Counterparts, who couldn't travel into the West. One of the effects after the
breakdown of the socialist regime in East Germany and the reunification of the two German states in
the 1990, was the fertility and marriage rates dropping by more than 50 percent and divorce rates
decreasing. These rates started falling because of the younger generation avoiding

Essay on Angela Merkel
Tiffany Prill
Challenges of Leadership
Leadership Book Analysis
Modern World Leaders– Angela Merkel
The person chosen for this leadership report is Angela Merkel. I read "Modern World Leaders–
Angela Merkel" written by Clifford W. Mills. Being born in Berlin, with my pride in being German,
as well as being a female with my own leadership ambitions, I felt Angela Merkel was a perfect fit
for me. Gaining knowledge on the leadership style from one of the most powerful and influential
women in the world, while also learning the values and beliefs my country is grounded on, I find
Angela Merkel to be extremely interesting leader to study. Angela Merkel (born Angela Dorothea
Kasner), was born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954. Angela ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In Germany teachers quiet strict and at one point she had a teacher that would punish the entire class
if a presentation differed even slightly from what the teacher told them to do. Deep down inside
Merkel knew that the students put in extreme effort into the presentations and that this matter was so
serious that the students could all be expelled from school. After explaining the situation to her
parents, Merkel wrote a petition which she also presented to some GDR officials. Merkels class was
saved; the teacher was later disciplined. I characterize her leadership style as one that is based on
ethics and morals while also being very direct. She is both task oriented as well as relationship
oriented. Merkel focuses on the business task at hand while putting great emphasis relationships and
networking... "I don't think it make sense to go round and round in circles arguing about this crisis.
We have to manage it instead. But that's something we can only do together with our neighbors, our
partners, the big ones and the small ones. I think Germany is destined, partly as a result of its
geographic position, to be a mediator and balancing factor."
From this statement I feel as though Merkel is very direct and to the point– there is no point in
arguing, let's do something about it. At the same time Merkel puts emphasis on leader–member
relations. Previous chancellor Schroeder was known for his extravagant sleigh rides with

The Collapse Of Communism Was A Major Victory For The...
The most important event in the time period from 1980–1999 was the reunification of Germany.
This event brought East Germany and West Germany back together after being separated for forty–
five years.The country reuniting also brought democracy to the East Germans who had been
oppressed under communism in East Germany. The transition let Germany govern themselves,
ending the control of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union. This event was
important in America; because it symbolized the collapse of communism. It meant that the United
States cold war with Russia was over, It recreated a trade relation with America and countries all
over the world. The collapse of communism was a major victory for the United States. "By the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Even though the U.S.S.R.'s final collapse came two years later, the fall of the wall that separated
West from East in Berlin more than any other single moment symbolizes the end of the Cold War"
(Karon and Hayoun 1). During the cold war there was a constant threat of a third world war
breaking out. During the cold war most of the world was integrated into a an economy revolving
around either the United States or the Soviet Union. "Just as the wall had come to represent the
division of Europe, its fall came to represent the end of the cold war" (Office of the Historian). Once
the cold war was over there was no longer always fear of nuclear war, which calmed down the
national defense, and put an end of the need to keep spending millions of dollars on next–generation
weaponry. "Today, most of the world is integrated into a single global economy, unlike during the
cold war era" (Karon, and Hayoun 1). In today's economy, neither the United States nor Russia is
the largest player in the global economy, that position is leaning towards going to China in the near
future. The end of the world–wide political rivalry between Russia and the United States has
affected all other parts of the world as well." Latin America today is largely independent of the once
jealously enforced primacy of the United States; European influence over African politics has
waned" (Karon and Hayoun 1). Global communication has greatly increased as well, since the end
fall of the

Germany : The Economic Leader Of The 17 Nation Eurozone
Germany is seen as the economic leader of the 17–nation eurozone. Berlin has had a considerably
better public debt and fiscal deficit relative to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the most affected
eurozone members. The Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, insisted on 'austerity' by the
affected states, especially worst–case Greece, rather than 'bailout' with external help. Thus, resulting
in a polarized euro–opinion divided between the 'austerity' school and the more populist
'growth'/bailout school. Germany's action will be key to both the eurozone's and the euro's survival.
She [Angela Merkel] rejected renegotiations of a fiscal pact on Europe's belt–tightening, yet seemed
open to talks on growth in a CNBC interview. She said, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Germany, as the anchor economy of the Eurozone, has continued to benefit for over a
decade. Its advantages lie partly in the size and diversity of the eurozone. Berlin called for
demanding austerity measure that implied the belief of the Conservatives that intrusion of the
government in the realm of production was a minimal measure. Nonetheless, public spending should
have been cut drastically by eliminating deficits in the budget in order to empower private
entrepreneurs to invest in productive activities. Resistance to the strict German prescription of
austerity has grown since April 2012. It was no longer possible to ignore protests against budget cuts
for all. The growing sentiment rallied against budget cuts and in favor of growth across Europe.
Voters of Germany made the austerity–oriented ruling Christian Democratic Union (CDU) face a
stinging defeat in the elections of May 13, 2012. Whereas its rival, the Social Democratic Party
(SPD) opposed austerity and gained ground. Eurostat, which handles statistics for Europe, declared
in May that unemployment in the 17 states of the eurozone had risen to a new high of 10.9%.
Germany's social capitalism with its ecological sustainability has been a successful system of
organizing economic activity. It may have proved even superior to the US Wall Street capitalism.

Effects Of The Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall The years following the fall of the Berlin wall brought Germany closer together as
one country. The east side of Berlin was communist, whereas the west side was socialist/democratic.
The Berlin wall was often referred to as a symbol of the cold war and the inner conflict of Germany.
It showed the different ideologies of the USA and USSR and their systems of government. Officially
known as the "Anti–Fascist–Protective Wall" by the east, and the "Wall of Shame" by the West, it
physically divided the city of Berlin from August 13, 1961 to November 9, 1989. The fall of the
Berlin Wall was beneficial for the economies of Germany and the US.
The reunification of Germany happened on October 3, 1990 when East Germany joined the Federal
Republic. Guenter Schabowski announced the opening of the Berlin wall, putting an end to the 28
years of division. He announced this offhandedly during a press conference, by saying that the East
was lifting the travel restrictions across the border to the West. He then looks down at his notes,
stammering "As far as I know, this enters into force...this is immediately, without delay" (East
German announces Berlin wall open). Upon hearing this, East Berliners stormed to the wall and
demanded to be let through. Although border guards had not been given this order, they let people
through after seeing the numbers. Soon after the opening of the walls, the Soviet Union fell apart.
Representatives from eleven of the fifteen

Leadership Style of Angela Merkel
This dissertation will discuss Angela Merkel's Leadership style and ethics during the Euro crisis. It
will also compare Angela Merkel's leadership style to servant leadership style. It will also describe
how servant leadership may or may not change the outcomes of the Euro crisis. In the closure of the
dissertation, I will discuss my own leadership philosophy.
Angela Merkel
Angela Merkel is the Chancellor of Germany. Last fall, she was elected to her third term as
chancellor of Germany, making her one of the only two European Union leaders that survived the
economic crisis (The Guardian, 2013). Angela Merkel was named by Forbes in 2014 as the most
powerful women in the world (Forbes, 2014). Angela Merkel's leadership style ... Show more
In the closure of the dissertation, I will discuss my own leadership philosophy.
Angela Merkel
Angela Merkel is the Chancellor of Germany. Last fall, she was elected to her third term as
chancellor of Germany, making her one of the only two European Union leaders that survived the
economic crisis (The Guardian, 2013). Angela Merkel was named by Forbes in 2014 as the most
powerful women in the world (Forbes, 2014). Angela Merkel's leadership style is pragmatic and
methodical (The Guardian, 2013). Anne Applebaum (2013) states "She reigns. She doesn't tell
people what to do, she doesn't give orders, and she isn't bossy or pushy. She doesn't throw
Germany's weight around or make demands. She simply sets parameters, and then lets everybody
else make 'choices' themselves." Merkel's leadership style is prudent, democratic, and modest.
Merkel prefers discussion, deliberation and consensus (Zeeb, 2013). The Germans call her "Mutti"
(mummy), because she understands what her country wants and makes sure her country gets it
(Zeeb, 2013 & The Guardian, 2013). Angela Merkel is a no nonsense leader that is well
respected.
Merkel and the Euro Debt Crisis
The European sovereign debt crisis started in 2008, with the collapse of Iceland's banking system,
and spread primarily to Greece, Ireland and Portugal during 2009. The debt crisis led to a crisis of
confidence for European

Reunified Germany Timeline
February 7, 1990 – The Central Committee of the Soviet–Communist Party dissolves.
Feb. 11, 1990 – South African anti–apartheid activist, Nelson Mandela, is freed after 27 years as a
political prisoner in Cape Town, South Africa.
October 3, 1990 – East and West Germany come together on what is known as "Unity Day" in less
than a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Two months following reunification, Helmut Kohl
became the first chancellor of the reunified Germany.
April 1, 1990 – The 1990 census is conducted, counting 248,718,301, for an increase of 9.8% over
the 1980 census. This is the smallest increase in the population rate since 1940.
April 24, 1990 – The Hubble Telescope is placed into orbit by the United States Space Shuttle:
Discovery.

The Eurozone Faced Competition Among Actors
The Eurozone faced competition among actors regarding who can explain the reasons behind the
emergence of the crises and the best way to resolve the challenges facing them (Apak and Atay
2012: 561). Germany is always on the center stage in the Eurozone crisis due to its economy
strength and Chancellor Angela Merkel's ability to negotiate the response to the crisis (Apak and
Atay 2012: 562). According to Apak and Atay (2012), Merkel worked to promote the budgetary
rigor and austerity, hence portrays the overwhelming national debt as the cause of the crisis. Merkel
also disputes the structural weaknesses or imbalances in the Euro area as a cause of the crisis as
asserted by Feldstein (2010). Her aim is to dominate the narrative of the ... Show more content on
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The issues are: Strategic Narratives and the Eurozone Crisis Crises are social constructions forged
by the government officials while producing and reproducing the state identity (Feldstein 2010). The
German narrative seeks to between reinforcing its pro–integrationists credentials and their wish to
influence the EU's response according to the preferences and approaches of Berlin (Angelopoulou,
Balfoussia and Gibson 2014: 392–395). The EU member states cannot agree on a uniform
explanation and a viable solution that will overcome the Euros problems (Feldstein 2010).
Communication is vital to understanding the Euro crisis, in which the narrative analysis of public
policy emphasizes the processes of identifying the nature of the problem, outlining a solution, and
indicating the outcome (Feldstein 2010). The Euro crisis reinforced the interconnectivity of
European economies, leading to greater public awareness on the impact of European issues on
national policies (Fratzscher 2015). Political actors, through the strategic narrative, construct a
shared meaning of the past, present, and future of international politics with the aim of shaping the
behaviour of domestic and international actors. For example, in the Eurozone crisis, narratives
legitimate policy responses reinforce domestic and international support and challenge the counter–
narratives as Fratzscher (2015). Narratives are strategic anthems to the future of the state in which
the German government engages in

East Vs West Germany Research Paper

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