1) Numbers 1 through 3 in the DNA illustration indicate the phosphate backbone and the nitrogenous bases of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine that make up the DNA molecule. 2) If a DNA molecule contained 33% adenine, it could be calculated that it would contain 33% thymine, as adenine pairs with thymine. The other bases, guanine and cytosine, would make up the remaining 34%. 3) The guanine-cytosine base pair would be harder to break than the adenine-thymine base pair, as the guanine-cytosine pair forms three hydrogen bonds between the bases while adenine-thymine only forms two hydrogen bonds

1. Questions:
Questions pertaining to Lab Exercise 11, “DNA”
1. What is indicated by 1 through 3 in the illustration of the
DNA molecule?
2. If a molecule of DNA were found to contain 33% adenine,
could you calculate the expected amounts of the other bases?
What would they be?
Adenine pairs with thymine in a 1:1 basis. Therefore, there
would be 33% thymine.
3. Which would be harder to break, the adenine-thymine base
pair or the guanine-cytosine base pair. Explain your answer.
The guanine-cytosine base pair would be hardest to break, as
these two bases have three hydrogen bonds holding them
together. Adenine-thymine base pairs are only joined by two
hydrogen bonds.
4. List the parent strand of DNA you used in activity 11.2 and

2. then list its complimentary DNA strand.
Questions pertaining to Lab Exercise 12, “Protein Synthesis”
5. List the parent strand of DNA you used in activity 12.2 and
then list its complimentary mRNA strand.
6. List the sequence of codons you used in activity 12.3 and for
each, list its corresponding amino acid.
7. What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand given
on page 12/5?