Grading, Marking and Reporting in assessment. Presentor: Abdur Rehman Instructor: Unaeza Alvi Sukkur IBA University Department of Education

1. MARKING AND REPORTING
By: Abdur Rehman
B.Ed 7

2. PURPOSE OF MARKING AND REPORTING
-The task of reporting students progress cannot be
separate from the procedures used in assessing students
learning and development
Grading and reporting become a matter of summarizing
the results and presenting them in understandable form
and variety of users( students, parents,teachers,
councelors and administrators)

3. FUNCTIONS OF MARKING AND REPORTING SYSTEMS
1) Instructional uses
2) Reports to parents
3) Administrative and guidance uses

4. --the focus of the grading and reporting system should be
improvement of student learning and development.
-This is most likely to occur when the report:
-a) clarifies the instructional objectives
-b) indicates the student’s strengths and weaknesses in
learning.
-c) provides information concerning the student’s
personal-social development
- d) contributes to the student’s motivation
1) INSTRUCTIONAL USES
Function of marking and reporting system……

5. -These reports should help parents understand the objectives of the
school and how well their children are achieving the intended
learning outcomes.
-the importance of report to parents/guardians:
-1) parents are better able to cooperate with school in promoting
their children’s learning and development.
-2) enable parents to give them the emotional support and
encouragement needed.
-3) knowing their children’s strenght and weaknesses in learning.
2) REPORTS TO PARENTS/GUARDIANS
Function of marking and reporting system……

6. -Grades and progress reports serve a number of administrative
functions.They are use for:
-1) determining promotion and graduation
-2) awarding honor
-3) determining athletic eligibility
-4) reporting to other schools and prospective employers
3) ADMINISTRATIVE AND GUIDANCE USES
Function of marking and reporting system……

7. TYPES OF MARKING AND REPORTING SYSTEMS
TRADITIONAL LETTER-GRADE SYSTEM
PASS – FAIL SYSTEM
CHECKLISTS OF OBJECTIVES
LETTER TO PARENTS/GUARDIANS
PORTFOLIO OF STUDENT WORK
PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCE

8. -Is to assign a single letter grade such as A,B,C,D,F) for each
subject.
-In some cases a single number ( 5,4,3,2,1 or 100 ,95,90) is
used instead of a letter, but the grading system is essentially
the same.
-The grades are easily averaged and useful in predicting future
achievement
1) TRADITIONAL LETTER-GRADE SYSTEM
Types of marking and reporting system……

9. -Two –category system example: satisfactory-unsatisfactory and pass-
fail) has been used in some elementary school.
- strength of this system are:
-- it permit students to take some courses(elective course)
--to encourage students to explore new areas.
--permit students to focus on those aspect of course that related most
directly to their major field.
-- to neglect those areas of little interest or relevance
--removing the fear of a lower grade-point average gives student
greater freedom to select their learning experience
2) PASS-FAILED SYSTEM
Types of marking and reporting system……

10. -Limitation of pass-fail system are:
-- offers less information
--provides no indication of the level of learning.
-- value for predicting future or describing present performance
achievement is lost.
2) PASS-FAILED SYSTEM con’t….
Types of marking and reporting system……

11. -Some schools have replaced the traditional grading system with a
list of objectives to be checked or rated.
--these reports typically include ratings of progress towards the
major objectives in each subject-matter area.
-- The following statements for reading and arithmetic illustrate
the nature of these report:
-Reading:
-1) reads with understand
-2) works out meaning and use of new words
-3) reads well to others
-4) reads independently for pleasure.
3) CHECKLIST OF OBJECTIVES
Types of marking and reporting system……

12. -Arithmetic:
-1) uses fundamental processes
-2) solves problems involving reasoning
-3) is accurate in work
-4) work at a satisfactory rate.
-- commonly use fewer symbols such as O(outstanding) , S
(satisfactory) , N (needs improvement) or P(proficient) , PP(partially
proficient)
3) CHECKLIST OF OBJECTIVES cont.
Types of marking and reporting system……

13. -Use of letters to provide for greater flexibility in reporting students
progress to parent.
-It possible to report on unique strengths, weaknesses, learning needs
and suggestion of specific plans of improvement.
-But limited to several factors:
-1) comprehensive and thoughtful written reports require an excessive
amount of time and skill
-2) students learning weaknesses are easily misinterpreted by parents
-3) fail to provide a systematic and cumulative record of student
progress towards the objectives of school.
4) LETTERS TO PARENTS/ GUARDIANS
Types of marking and reporting system……

14. -An effective of showing student progress, illustrating strength, and
identifying areas where greater effort is needed.
-Also an effective means of making grades more concrete for parents and
guardian.
-simply file which student work products are placed.
-The entries in the portfolio need to be selected to illustrate the range of
student work.
-Example: types of writing,mathematical problem or result of laboratory
experiments.
5) PORTFOLIO OF STUDENT WORK
Types of marking and reporting system……

15. -This reporting method is most widely used at the elementary level.
-Parent-teacher conference is a flexible procedure that provides for two-
way communication(home-school)
- parents have an opportunity to present information concerning the
student’s out-of-school life.
-useful tool but there are limitations:
-1) time and skill
-2) not provide a systematic record of student progress
-3) some parents are unwilling to come for conference
6) PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCES
Types of marking and reporting system……

16. MULTIPLE GRADING AND REPORTING SYSTEM
The typical multiple system retains the use of traditional
grading(letter grade or number) and supplement the
grades with checklist of objectives.

17. GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A MULTIPLE GRADING AND
REPORTING SYSTEM:
-The development of the grading and reporting system should be guided
by the function to be serve.
-The grading and reporting system should be developed cooperatively by
parents , students and school personnel.
-Should be based on a clear statement of educations objectives
-Should be consistent with school standards
-Should be based on adequate assessment
-Should be detailed enough to be diagnostic and yet compact enough to be
practical
-Should provide for parent-teacher conferences as needed.

18. DEVELOPMENT OF A GRADING
AND REPORTING SYSTEM
1. Based on clear statement of learning objectives
2. Consistent with school standards
3. Based on adequate assessment
4. Based on the right level of detail
5. Providing for parent-teacher conferences as needed