Artificial lights have evolved significantly from early incandescent bulbs to modern LED technologies. The document traces the history of major artificial light types including incandescent, fluorescent, and discharge lights. It also discusses how different light types are suited for various areas like homes, schools, and offices. Ambient, task, and accent lighting serve different purposes and are selected based on the needs of the space. Modern electrical distribution uses parallel circuits to efficiently deliver adequate and consistent power for lighting applications.

1. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS
Building science
Presented by: Shanti
Renu
Anzalee
1

2. Index
 Introduction to light sources
 History of artificial light types
 Evolution of light
 Basic types of lighting
 What Kind of lighting used in different areas
-Process of light used
 How are we Achieving the light
 Conclusion
2

3. Light
ArtificialNatural
3

4. Light sources
Light sources
Natural
Sunlight
Moonlight
and
stromlight
Artificial
Incandescent
Bulbs
Fluorescent
lamps, LED
lamps, etc.
4

5. What is Artificial lighting?
 Man made lighting
 For human to function properly
Kitchen area
5
All artificial light can be turned on
and off with a switch.

6. Artificial light and color
6

7. Artificial light types
 Three major types of light:
-Incandescent Light
-Fluorescent Light
-Discharge Light/ LED Lights
7

8. 8

9. History of artificial light types
1. Incandescent light
 Filament heated by an electric
current produces light rays
 Less energy efficient
 Thomas Alva Edison invented
the first electric light bulbs in
1879AD
9

10. History of artificial light types
1. Incandescent light
 Contains nitrogen or argon gas
 Tungsten filament with lead wires- burns
when electricity is passed
 Also called as tungsten filament bulb
 Advantage-light quality and color are
very consistent
 Disadvantage- requires lot of energy and
faster degradation of filament leading to
shorter lifespan
10

11. History of artificial light types
2. Fluorescent Lights
 low pressure mercury-vapor gas-
discharge lamp that uses fluorescence
to produce visible light.
 More Energy efficient than
incandescent light
 Peter Cooper Hewitt, Edmund Germer
invented mercury vapor lamp
 Firstly, fluorescent tube lights were
invented by and improved in 1934AD
by George inman and Richard thayer
11

12. History of artificial light types
2. Fluorescent Lights
 Contains argon/krpton as gas vapor
with phosper coating on the walls of
glass tube
 Secondly, CFL( compact fluorescent
lights) were developed in the shape of
incandescent lamps
 Edward hammer invented the CFL
bulbs in 1976AD
Advantage: cooler and more energy
efficient than incandescent
Disadvantage: mercury is dangerous- if
bulb is broken, it can present a health
hazard
12

13. History of artificial light types
3. Discharge Lamps
 Discharge lamps provide high
luminous efficacy combined with
long life, resulting in the most
economical light source available
 Types of gas-discharge
lamps:
A- Low pressure discharge lamps
B- High pressure discharge lamps
13

14. History of artificial light types
4.LED is high intensity discharge lights
LED(light emitting diode) use semi-
conductors to convert electrical energy
directly into light.
 Colorful LED indicators were
invented at the time of CFL invention
 LED began just as indicator in
calculators, traffic signs, etc.
 White LED lights were invented by
Nick Holonyack in 2006
 Become most efficient light sources as
it consumes less energy and lifespan
is higher than other
Advantage: colorful lights and highly
efficient
14

15. Types of lighting
1. Ambient lighting:
- Known as general lighting provides
an area with overall illumination
- It can brighten and enhance the
glow of the room
- Such as surface and recessed wall
light and uplight
15

16. Ambient lighting
16
Living room of house Cafeteria of

17. Types of lighting
2. Task lighting
- Helps to perform a task such as
reading, cooking food, involving in
any types of important task
- Should be free of distracting glares
and shadows
- Such as CFL, Tube lights are used
Table
lamps
Kitchen
downlightin
g
17

18. Task lighting
Study table Kitchen areaOffice task light
18

19. Types of lighting
3. Accent lighting
- used to highlight the certain features like
walls and object in the room.
- focal point of the room which draws
attention of people entering the room.
- Such as chandeliers, pendants, table lamps
and some wall lights.
- also considered decorative lighting as it
adds drama and style by highlighting key
objects and focal points in interiors
Table
lamp
A table lamp
casting
interesting
shadow and
light patterns
19
Chandeliers with
decorative wall lights

20. Accent lighting
Ceilings Object and outdoor
lighting
20

21. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
 Lights can be varied with the need of
the light to that space.
 Example places like , in school, in
houses, in office, in theatre, and more.
1. Inside school areas
 In school building area, natural and
artificial lights are equally need
 Learning spaces like classrooms, labs,
studios, etc. use types Fluorescent
lamps and LED lights rather than
incandescent bulbs
21

22. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
1. Inside school areas
 In classroom and hallways general
downlighting can be used
 In labs, art rooms and special areas, task
lighting are preferred
 Things like dimmers and occupancy
sensors make it possible to use only the
amount of light that’s needed
 Illuminate target areas, such as
whiteboards, chalkboards, and
presentation areas.
Hallways and cafeteria design
by AR.Chérine Saroufim Sacy
Making the switch to premier bulbs
and fixtures might demand
considerable upfront effort or
investment, yet it pays off in the end
with lower energy costs and healthier,
more productive students and
educators.
22

23. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
2. Inside house
 Incandescent lights were used
 Nowadays, CFL and LED lights
are mostly used
 General lighting are used in almost
all the place of home
 Task lighting are used in the study
room, kitchen areas- free of glare
 Accent lighting are used to
decorate the home
Designed by designer
Doris Pearlman
23

24. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
2. Inside house
 A decorative chandelier or hanging
foyer fixture can provide
significant illumination -serving as
a beautiful focal point for living
areas.
 General downlighting are avoided
and task lighting are used without
glare
24
Designed by designer
Doris Pearlman

25. Types of lighting fixtures and Lighting
layouts
25
Good and bad lighting locations,
causing or avoiding glare

26. How are we Achieving light?
Two types of electrical circuit: series and
parallel
 In a series circuit, the current
through each of the components is
the same, and the voltage across
the circuit is the sum of the
voltages across each component.
 In a parallel circuit, the voltage
across each of the components is
the same, and the total current is
the sum of the currents through
each component.
26

27. How are we Achieving light?
 Series connection- if one
connection fail other also fails
 Parallel connection- not affected by
any other connection
 Industries and houses uses parallel
circuit as it has equal amount of
voltage and sum of current- make
cheap with high voltage
27

28. How are we Achieving light?
 Used in most homes
 Able to supply ample power for
most smaller customers, including
homes and small, non-industrial
businesses
 Adequate for running motors up to
about 5 horsepower
 Common in large businesses, as well
as industry and manufacturing
 Expensive to convert from an existing
single-phase installation, but 3-phase
allows for smaller, less expensive
wiring and lower voltages, making it
safer and less expensive to run
 Highly efficient for equipment
designed to run on 3-phase
28
Single phase power 3- phase power

29. Advantage of three phase power
29
 Common method of electric power
transmission
 Uses less conductor material to transmit
electric power than equivalent single- phase,
two –phase

30. Single phase line
30
With the
wave form of
single-phase
power, when
the wave
passes
through zero,
the power
supplied at
that moment
is zero.

31. Three phase line
31
3-phase power
has 3 distinct
wave cycles
that overlap.
Each phase
reaches its peak
120 degrees
apart from the
others so the
level of power
supplied

32. Conclusion
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 Natural and artificial lights both are important for daily life
 There are different types of artificial light and basic lighting types
 Artificial Lighting properties can vary the use of light in different
areas
 Achieving light varies with the need of the light
 In the end artificial lights are useful in any purpose

33. References
33
Todd roy,
file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/How%20to%20Layer%20Lighting
%20and%20Make%20Your%20Home%20Shine%20-%20Porch%20Advice.html
file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/Artificial%20Lighting%20Types%2
0and%20Design%20_%20Electrical%20Knowhow.html
August 12,2014, http://www.premierltg.com/lighting-application-series-intelligent-school-lighting/
http://www.shopyourway.com/questions/1000761
file:///C:/Users/Lenovo/Desktop/building%20Science/lighting/Light%20Fixtures%20and%20Layo
ut%20_%20Sustainability%20Workshop.html

34. THANK YOU !34