Increasing Crimes

Increasing Crimes
INCREASING CRIMES/SUICIDES AMONG THE YOUTH OF INDIA.
INCREASING CRIME RATES AMONG THE YOUTH IN INDIA.
Introduction:
Open any newspaper or tune into any news channel and you can be pretty sure to stumble upon
crimes of all sorts ranging from petty thefts to dacoity, murder, terrorism, sexual crimes and the like.
The statistics show that the miscreants have been found quite focused and determined at their jobs.
In India for instance, as per the National Crime Records Bureau, incidences of crime since the early
days of independence has gone up by more than 5 times, and this ofcourse excludes the large
number of unreported crimes, especially related to smaller thefts, crime against women and the
many cases where the police just refuse to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* INCOMPLETE EDUCATION SYSTEM.
The modern university educationis focused primarily on providing extensive information and data,
the sole purpose of which is toequip students to earn their livelihood. Thus, higher aspects of
education, such as personality development, value inculcation, and self discovery are often ignored.
With the focus purely on materialistic achievements, people are tempted to employ unfair means to
achieve the desired object. This mentality, if extended further, can easily lead one to cheat and
subsequently graduate into white collar crimes, such as fraud, forgery and false pretences. The
financial impact of such crimes has been in the range of billions of dollars, according to the
Internationsl Symposium of Crime. The recent Satyam Scam is only one among the many such
examples.
* A SUPERFICIAL CULTURE.
A superficial materialistic culture that focuses on what we possess than What we really are is largely
responsible for misleading the masses. Beguiled by an endless array of ads, slogans and culture
trends prompting us to switch to a high and luxurious lifestyle that we don't need and can hardly
afford, we are gripped with desire and then with frustration and dismay when we either fail to
achieve this, or if they fail to satisfy us. Hence, we see spiralling statistics of depression as well as
an upsurge in use of alcohol and drugs, big time contributors to crime. Because having more
becomes the criteria for success and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Witch Hunting Research Paper
Witch Hunting and Branding in Rural areas of India
Mila Kelly
Asian Politics
Dr. Dittloff
April 26, 2016
INTRODUCTION
Today, violence based on gender is a horrific and disturbing phenomenon which is prevalent in any
all societies who are irrespective of political boundaries. In different cultures, there are people who
believe in witchcraft, despite society 's progression to be more scientific in temper. One issue which
is largely overlooked is witch hunting which is a form of gender–based violence. In traditional
India, the practice of witch hunting was used to ward off evil, however in the past few decades,
socio–political motives, such as land–grabbing, seem to be more and more common in rural ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper will not only examine the contemporary challenges of witch–branding/hunting in rural
India that is largely grounded in gender violence and vigilantism, but it will also explain how the
Indian government is or is not addressing the issue at hand. Examples of what changes can be
implemented will also be listed in order to create a step by step plan for the mitigating of such
violent acts as well as providing the rural Indian community with some basic essentials for
maintaining a successful society.
THE HISTORY OF WITCHES AND WITCH HUNTING
Throughout history, both men and women alike have been branded witches and been accused of
black–magic and sorcery only to be hunted and killed in a most disturbing manner. Women,
however, have been the most ubiquitously targeted gender in every society and era. To define the
term "witch", this paper will be using the definition "a person, especially of the female gender, who
acquires supernatural power, is capable of performing black magic and/or sorcery, and is causing
purported harm to human health" (Iqbal, 2015). In India, terms such as daayan, tohni and chudail
are used to brand women, specifically, as witches. The term "witch", a name commonly used only
for women, coupled with the fact that the vast majority of witch killing victims are women, clearly
shows the attributions as gender specific. The branding of a person as a witch is indefinitely
negative and destructive.

Police Violence Is More Than Violent Policing
Bernasconi, R. (2014). When police violence is more than violent policing. CR: The New
Centennial Review, 14(2), 145–152. doi:10.14321/crnewcentrevi.14.2.0145 The article examines a
particular case where a young African–American male was shot by a police officer in Chicago. The
author looks at the causes of this incident as well as discusses the absence of accountability that the
police department faced. The content of this article applies to all three disciplines that will assist to
explain police brutality.
Chamberlain, A. W., & Boggess, L. N. (2016). Why disadvantaged neighborhoods are more
attractive targets for burgling than wealthy ones. Retrieved from ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He examines the governmental aspect that plays a role in violence practiced by the law enforcement
officials and how police brutality varies across cultures. As well, the author points out which part of
society is usually subjected to excessive force applied by the police. This content is relevant for
sociology and political science.
Chipaux, F. (2007). L 'islamisme essaime en Inde [Islamism in India]. Le Monde. Retrieved from
http://www.lemonde.fr This French article discusses the current cultural and religious conflict in
India. The author cites various individuals who argue that Muslims are purposely blamed for
violence that affects both communities. As well, it stresses that the government is lacking actions in
order to resolve the conflict. This article applies to psychology.
Dottolo, A. L, & Stewart, A. J. (2008). "Don't ever forget now, you're a black man in America":
Intersections of race, class and gender in encounters with the police. Sex Roles, 59(5–6), 350–364.
doi:10.1007/s11199–007–9387–x The article written by Dottolo and Stewart (2008) supports
previous discussions about racism against African–Americans. They conducted interviews to
determine whether race, class and gender play a large role in encounters with the law enforcement
officials. This article is relevant to the sociological discussion.
Hays, Z. R. (2011). Police use of excessive force in disorganized

Leadership Styles Of Mohandas Gandhi
For ages world leaders have practiced different styles of leadership and they have been successful in
accomplishing many things from regional peace to world wars. Whether be political, tyrannical, or
religious, world leaders from generations past to current all–share similarities and differences in
their leadership styles. World leaders have built respect and trust from developed personalities or
communication styles to motivate and inspire others into action. All leaders can learn from past
success and mistakes of any world leader. In this paper we are going to look at the practices and
leadership styles of Mohandas Gandhi and a brief comparison and contrast of leadership styles to
Fidel Castro.
Mohandas Gandhi
Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in the Bombay region of Porbandar, Gujarat (DuToit, 1996). He
is known as one of the greatest leaders from India and is said to be the father of the Indian
Independence Movement. Gandhi did not become a spiritual and political leader overnight and was
influenced by a number of events throughout his life. From an unlavished childhood, Gandhi was
able to attend law school in London. This was once step in the direction of his quest for morality
and humility in society. After graduating law school, Gandhi practiced law in South Africa where he
quickly realized the discrimination against Indians in South Africa. One day he was booted from a
passenger train because he refused to sit 3rd class because he paid for a 1st class ticket. This

The Communal Politics Of India
INTRODUCTION –
The communal politics in India started from 1970s when emergency was declared in India. The
Congress was unable to fulfill its promises, conditions of India deteriorated, GDP dumps. Other
parties were also unable to deliver the expectation of people, and then BJP comes with communal
politics by raising Babri Masjid case. Rathyatra led by Advani is an important event which created
enthusiasm in a particular section of community. After Dandi March, this is the one yatra which has
succeeded because there were organizations in every level; it was pre–planned and executed
carefully which made it successful. The extreme case of communal riots in India took place on 27
February, 2002. The abuse of human rights started when in Sabarmati Express; one coach of Hindus
who were on pilgrimage was burned at the Godhra station in which Muslims were considered as
mastermind behind this action. The next day the Muslims community was targeted and huge killing
took place. The organizations like Rashtriya SwayamSevak Sangh and Vishwa Hindu Parishad were
involved in these riots. Many Masjids were destroyed, Muslim women were raped, their shops were
looted. The State Government and police failed to stop the communal violence instead they helped
the communal forces in locating Muslims by giving voters list and other documents for
identification.
Although, Gujarat is one of the most developed states in a country in terms of Gross Domestic
Product and Human Development Index but

Biography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Introduction Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, who is more popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi,
was born on October 2nd, 1869 and passed away on January 30th, 1948. He was the most popular
leader of the Indian nationalist movement during the British–rule that lasted for nearly a century in
India. He was the most adamant supporter of the non–violent civil disobedience and was the leader
that inspired the move towards independence and civil rights amongst the Indians. Gandhi was born
on the coastal regions of Gujarat in a Hindu Bania community in the family of a senior government
official Karamchand Gandhi. His mother Putlibai was his father's fourth wife. The first three wives
died during child birth. His mother was a Jain and Gandhi was strongly influenced by Jain traditions
and customs (Erikson, 1969). He studied law abroad in London. His very first effort towards social
change was on return to India in 1915. Prior to his return, he worked in South Africa for the civil
rights of the Muslims and Hindus in the region. This was where he first experimented with the new
techniques of non–violent efforts towards change. While he was in South Africa, he also dedicated
his time towards voicing non–violently against the numerous legislatures that existed against the
Indians. These were the techniques he then also applied when returning to India when supporting
peasants to fight against the extreme land taxes in the region (Erikson, 1969). He was never a
supporter of communalism and

The Impact Of Immigration On The Diversity Of A Countries...
We live in a world that is constantly growing closer and father apart. Conflicts within and across
countries have a tremendous effect on not only the people who live in these places, but the
relationship among other countries as well. Immigration places a huge role in the diversity of a
countries society. Through the interaction and integration of certain resources, people, and religions,
conflict is increased within and across these areas. We see these up rises in places such as France
and India.
Throughout the years, many of France's immigrants have come from European countries and the
Maghreb countries throughout North Africa. Many of the Maghreb ins settled in large cities across
France in places such as Marseilles and Paris. In France, the men from North Africa are known for
owning jobs in the construction and factory areas. The women on the other hand are known for not
working as much as the men do. But when the women do work, they employ in jobs such as
domestic work and child care. But these women do not only have jobs to be aware about. They also
need to pay close attention on how they present themselves based on their religion. Through the
expansion of religion around the world, religious beliefs play a crucial role within a countries
society. Islamic traditions of women are traditionally diverse throughout the world and numerous
styles are presented around the world today. As Avruch (19) addresses, culture is socially and
psychologically distributed within and

Female Foeticide
FEMALE FOETICIDE INTRODUCTION: Contemporary Indian society professes a profound faith
in every individual's "right to life and dignity". The rights relating to the weaker & vulnerable
sections of Indian society especially women, and more specially the girl child were violated. The
twin social evils of female foeticide & female infanticide were the main causes.Violence against
women exists in various forms, in all societies, the world over. In 1996 the world health assembly
endorsed the fact that violence against women is a Public Health problem and female foeticide is
one extreme manifestation of violence against women. India is a country of 102.7 crore population,
out of which 53.1 crores is of males and 49.6 crores is of females, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
3) Violence against Women: The increasing imbalance between men and women is leading to many
crimes such as illegal trafficking of women, sexual assaults, polygamy and dehumanization of
society. In fact, shortage of women in Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat states have escalated forced
abduction and kidnap of girls, sex slavery, cruel flesh market, bride bazaars, forced polyandry
(Panchali system, Modern Draupadis), swap marriages, sale of wives, gang rape and child–
prostitution. Preventive Measures:  Strict law enforcement against Dowry: Dowry should be
banned and strict punishment should be given to the person giving and taking dowry.  Government
Initiatives: PCPNDT Cell by the Central Government  Sting operations and raids  Media
publicity  Registration of scan centers & action against unregistered prenatal diagnostic centers 
Constitution of State and District level Appropriate Authorities  ADVERTISEMENT Of SD test is
banned:Any institution or agency whose advertisement or displayed promotional poster or television
serial is suggestive of any inviting gestures involving/supporting sex determination are viable to
punishment. Eg.MASUM, Pune made a complain to the Maharashtra State Women's Commission
against Balaji Telefilms because its top rated television serial's episode telecast during February
2002 showed a young couple checking the sex of their unborn baby. Strict action was

Investigative Journalism
Investigative Journalism
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Rajashri Venkatesh
Ameet Kaur
Abhishek Baldota
Avinash Kaur Bedi
Kawaljeet Singh Chandhok
Divya Chitroda
Shilpa Das
Aakash Prabhakar
Kashish Kapoor
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An investigative report is a document that is meant to provide information on a certain topic that is
not easily obtained. It is meant to present the reader with a wealth of easily understood information
and usually contains an interview or two on the subject. In order to write a successful investigative
report, one must conduct a substantial amount of research and provide the reader with a wealth of
information so that he or she can make an informed choice.
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Investigative journalism is a form
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But if your investigation takes you into an unfamiliar area, you must be able to familiarise yourself

with at least the background, conventions, terminology, role–players and issues of that area quickly.
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Determination and patience– Investigative reporting will bring you up against all kinds of obstacles,
from sources who disappear and records that don¶t exist, to editors who want to can the story
because it is taking too long or costing too much. Only your own motivation and belief that it is a
worthwhile story will carry you through what is often a slow process of discovery.
Courage– It isn¶t only subjects and sources that are at risk. Reporters may be threatened with legal
action or violence, jailed, or even assassinated for their investigations. In the face of these risks, you
may succumb to pressure and censor yourself. You need to believe in what you¶re doing, have the
courage to carry on `
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Bofurs Gun Scandal
The Fodder Scam
The Jain Diary Case(1996)
Satyendra Dubey Murder Case
Operation Westend
2002 Gujarat Riots
Jessica Lall Case
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Cement Quota scam(1981)
Reliance scam (1987– Indian Express)
Shakti Kapoor casting couch
Money for Vote sting operation
Adarsh Housing Society scandal
Stamp paper scam
Harshad Mehta scandal
1980¶s

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Nagarwala scandal (Rs
60 lakh)
Cement Scam involving A
R Antulay(Rs 30 crore)
Bofors Scandal
St Kitts forgery[

Casualties Gone Unnoticed : The Marginalizing Effect Of...
Casualties Gone Unnoticed: The Marginalizing Effect of Relief Efforts
*Geetika Ahuja, **Arshiya Kochar
*Geetika Ahuja– Student of B.A. Sociology, Department of Sociology, Lady Shri Ram College,
University of Delhi
**Arshiya Kochar– Student of B.A. Psychology, Sri Aurobindo College (E),
University of Delhi
ABSTRACT
Wherever several different identities co–exist, conflicts are bound to happen. However, trivial
conflicts get magnified into severe clashes and such clashes, can often metamorphose into violent
uprisings, bloodshed and riots, which we can broadly consider as man–made disasters. In the
aftermath of such man–made disasters, rescue forces are put to work, and immediate health
assistance is given to those physically or visibly injured. However, it is important to note that there
is a fundamental exclusion and overlooking of the psychological trauma suffered by the survivors,
their families and the deceased 's families. Sidelining this extremely important tangent of an
individual and group 's well–being, the institutional records only throw light on the physical
casualties, not focusing on psychological health. This can be seen to have severe repercussions, as
people who haven 't recovered psychologically may harbor feelings of antagonism, hatred, hostility,
and may be unable to accommodate themselves to mainstream society again. Such individuals may
face alienation from society and are hence, rendered to live their lives at the margins. This
marginalization and

Indian Polity and Social Issue
Polity, Constitution and Social Issues
Polity & Constitution
Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental
political principles, establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of the government and
spells out the fundamental rights, directive principles and duties of citizens. Passed by the
Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950.
The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the declaration of independence of 1930. It
declares the Union of India to be a sovereign, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice,
equality, and liberty and to promote among them all fraternity. The words "socialist", "secular" and
"integrity" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Mission discussed the framework of the constitution and laid down in some detail the procedure
to be followed by the constitution drafting body. Elections for the 296 seats assigned to the British
Indian provinces were completed by August 1946. The Constituent Assembly first met and began
work on 9 December 1946.
(Indian Independence Act 1947): The Indian Independence Act, which came into force on 18 July
1947, divided the British Indian territory into two new states of India and Pakistan, which were to
be dominions under the Commonwealth of Nations until their constitutions were in effect. The
Constituent Assembly was divided into two for the separate states.
The Act relieved the British Parliament of any further rights or obligations towards India or
Pakistan, and granted sovereignty over the lands to the respective Constituent Assemblies. When the
Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950, it overturned the Indian Independence
Act. India ceased to be a dominion of the British Crown and became a sovereign democratic
republic.
Constituent Assembly
The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was elected by the elected
members of the provincial assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra

Mutually Beneficial Us India Trade Relations
Mutually Beneficial US–India Trade Relations
The trade relationships between the US and India to be a very interesting topic when looking
towards the future. This relationship can be extremely beneficial for both countries as long as we
can form a strong bond with the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Unfortunately some bad
blood between the countries will have to be patched first. I used three articles to gain enough
background information and facts to formulate a strong opinion to this event. The three articles I
used to base my reactions were Obama Joins with Modi in Pledge to Expand Economic Ties by
Angela Greiling Keane and Shobhana Chandra, New opportunities for India–US Trade by Pete
Sessions and Shalabh Kumar, and Obama hosts India's Modi for White House Visit by Josh
Lederman and Darlene Superville. [Insert Thesis Here] In September President Obama and Prime
Minister Modi met to discuss the US and India's trade future. They wanted to go over policies and
various regulations to ensure that each country is treated fairly. Going over these police from both
sides can form the mutually beneficial relation between these two economically thriving nations. As
a result they want to make better trade relationships so that each country earns their mutual benefits.
For example if India allows US companies to trade over there then India business can also start to
make profits in the American market as well. They hope to create a strong relationship through
strong security,

What Are The Causes Of Communalism
1. Introduction
Communalism is the result of conflicts between various religious groups who try to promote their
own interests at the cost of others. Simplifying, it can be defined as distinguishing people on the
basis of their religion.
Communalism is a serious issue in India that is faced by us. This problem, which mostly exists
amongst the followers of two primary religious communities in our country – Hindus and Muslims,
it many times creates sense of tension in secular India. Such acts have been acclaimed in our
country which is disgraceful, shameful and departing from the message of Our Father of Nation
Mahatma Gandhi who led the nation towards freedom, following the way of non–violence.
Indian society is multicultural, multiracial, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They wanted to weaken the freedom movement. They always divide the people on the basis of
religion and spread the feeling of hatred, distrust among public. This led to disunity among religious
groups and in consequence became responsible for continuation of British rule. The British policy of
separate electorate was also one such measure adopted by them. They also acted late in situation of
communal violence while ruling.
5.2 Political Organizations
In our country, political parties' major consideration is vote bank. They take benefits out of
communal violence and propagate one religious group that led to feeling of hatred among other
religious groups.
Consider the example of Shah Bano case. Muslims reacted in a hostile way against the Supreme
Court judgement which granted a Muslim divorcee, Shah Bano, maintenance in excess and in
protraction of the Shari'ah, which permits maintenance only for the iddah (three months post–
divorce) period. The then Central government headed by Rajiv Gandhi upturned the judgement by
enacting the Muslim Women's Act in early

The Persian Empire: Book Review
The Persian Empire started in 559 BC and it fell in 330 BC. The authors argument for including this
empire into this book is that it was the first world–dominant power in history. The empire was so
successful because its rulers were very tolerant towards its subjects. The "glue" that kept the
civilization together for so long was the tolerance, subjects under Persian rule were given the same
things they had before, nothing was taken away from them. The Empire eventually fell because the
ruler Xerxes became intolerant and cruel, favoring the Persian customs and gods while enslaving
subjects. This caused the subjects under the empire to rebel and throw over the empire. At the height
of the empire however, the Egyptians, Babylonians, and many ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The argument from the author for putting the empire into the book is that the empire, at its peak,
ruled over more than 100 million subjects. The Mughal Empire was so successful because its army
had firearms. The "glue" that kept the empire together was its religious and ethnic tolerance, and
people say it would have been unlikely that the Mughal Empire could have lasted as long as it did,
or reached its true peak without its turn for tolerance. The Mughal Empire began to decline because
there were a lot of wars and it was bankrupt because of them. At the peak of the empire, Hindus,
Muslims, Sikhs, Jains, and Christians were all represented. I think this empire would be able to exist
today because it had religious and ethnic

Essay On Dhruva Mistry
FOLIO: ART INSIGHT: DHRUVA MISTRY Heading: Dhruva Mistry: A Profile in Courage Text:
Sumati Gangopadhya Photo: Dhruva Mistry Intro: Vadodara–based artist Dhruva Mistry is a figure
of creativity and resilience. His modest journey from a small village in Gujarat to creating an
international footprint through his gifted workmanship is as vivid as his virtuosity. With
contemporary pieces entrenched in Indian art, culture and history and innovation in exploring
medium and material, he has shown astuteness in both his creative life and in rising above personal
tragedy. Body Text: The artist Dhruva Mistry's beginnings were quite humble, from the lush green,
progressive region of Charotar, central Gujarat as the youngest of four children of Pramodray ...
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After an international coup de maître, he returned to Baroda in 1997 and joined the Faculty of Fine
Arts as its Dean continuing until 2002. He then worked on creating digital prints, using a home
computer during the turmoil in Gujarat in 2002. He created works titled "Expulsion of pain" after
Pablo Picasso's Guernica, reflecting pain, violence and death. He also made unique inkjet prints on
paper and canvas from 2002 until 2007, participated in several solo and group exhibitions in several
prestigious art galleries in both India and abroad. It is a heartening fact that despite suffering a
severe paralytic stroke in 2008, he went on to produce many projects after his partial recovery and
was selected as the 'Artist in Focus' for the Harmony Show, sponsored by Harmony Foundation,
Mumbai. Today, Dhruva Mistry's works are in collections, in twenty–three countries, all over the
world. The magnificently vast and versatile range of this creative genius affirms Constantine
Brancusi 's assertion that an artist should ''Create like God, command like a king and work like a

Obscenity And Contemporary Media
Obscenity& Contemporary media
Obscenity:
There is nothing influential than media in this contemporary era. In this media subjugated epoch
Obscenity also have Become a prime aspect of media. Obscenity is an act or utterance of Hurting
moral values of an individual or morality appealing to a society. Undoubtedly media is the platform
to exhibit one's views and opinions. Formerly it was a journalist who represented public
Known as the "voice of the public" but today the things have changed every individual has started
setting their own propaganda to voice their opinions. Consequently it has
Resulted in obscenity usually verbal obscenity. Some of the cases of obscenity I would like to quote
are as follows
Cases of Obscenity:
Aamir Khan's statement on intolerance – This was one of the
Most controversial statements where the actor said in an
Interview that he is feeling insecure in his own country
And he was alarmed by the number of incidences and his wife
Kiran rao suggested that they should move out of the country.
He was welcomed with criticisms from the social media
Even his counterparts took dig on him claiming that his
Statement is baseless and groundless. His sensational
Statements lead to social media outcry.
Kamal Hassan's derogatory statement on Mahabharata–
Kamal Hassan who is considered as the favorite child of
Controversy due to his outspoken nature made a remark On Mahabharata claiming that India is a
country which
Honors the book like

Problematize the Exodus-Liberation-Settlement Motif from...
PROBLEMATIZE THE EXODUS–LIBERATION–SETTLEMENT MOTIF FROM THE ADIVASI
PERSPECTIVE Prepared: Kyrshanborlang Mawlong. Introduction: In this paper we are trying to
discussion the difficulties that the Israelites faced during staying in Egypt and how God response to
their crying by liberated them from the hand of the Egyptian and also how they enter and settled in
Canaan. But, this liberation of the Israelite by God create an impact on the indigenous people of the
Canaan, we could see there are many problems or difficulties of Canaanite in mix up with Israelites
either in culture, religious and social as a whole. We will also see the situation of Adivasi in India
how they are suppressed by the oppressors or non– Adivasis/high caste. The ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Assured of success, Joshua renewed his plans to conquer Ai. The enemy forces were lured into the
open so that the thirty thousand men who had stationed beyond the city by night were able to attack
Ai from the near and set it afire. The defenders were annihilated, their king was hanged and the site
was reduced to rubble. When Israel makes its second attack, the people of Ai as well as the
inhabitants of Bethel vacate their cities to pursue the enemy (Josh. 8: 17). Not all of the Canaanites
tried to resist Israel's invasion. One group, the Gibeonites, avoided destruction by deceiving the
Israelites into making a covenant of peace with them (Joshua 9:1). Alarmed by the defection of the
Gibeonites to Israel, a group of southern Canaanite kings, led by Adoni–zedek of Jerusalem, formed
a coalition against the invading force. The kings threatened to attack the Gibeonites, causing Joshua
to come to the defense of his new allies. Because of supernatural intervention, the Israelites were
able to defeat the coalition. Joshua then launched a southern campaign which resulted in the capture
of numerous Canaanite cities (Joshua 10:1). Joshua's third and last military campaign was in
northern Canaan. In that region King Jabin of Hazor formed a coalition of neighbouring kings to
battle with the Israelites. Joshua made a surprise attack upon them at the waters of Merom, utterly
defeating his foe (Joshua 11:1–15). The invasion of Canaan met with phenomenal success; large

Effects and Implications of Coalition Governments on the...
Amity School of Communication
AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN
Effects and implications of coalition governments on the political scenario in India
Abstract:
Parliamentary democracies ruled by multiparty cabinets make foreign policy decisions in a fairly
unique institutional context, complicated by the politics of coalition government. Recent research
suggests that this context is associated with foreign policy behaviors that are quite distinct in
character from foreign policy made by single party cabinets. In particular, coalitions tend to engage
in more extreme (both more peaceful and more aggressive) and more committed foreign policies. In
this paper, we examine the reasons behind extreme foreign policy choices by coalition cabinets. We
also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha seats and formed a
government with a coalition called the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), supported by various
parties. In the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections, it won again with a surprising majority, the INC itself
winning more than 200 seats.
At the federal level, India is the most populous democracy in the world while many neighboring
countries witness frequent coups; Indian democracy has been suspended only once. Nevertheless,
Indian politics is often described as chaotic. More than a fifth of parliament members face criminal
charges and is not unheard of that most state assembly seats are held by convicted criminals.
Corruption in India is common rather corruption and crime are the qualifications for being a
politician in India.
What is a collation Government?
A coalition government is one in which several political parties must cooperate in order to run a
country or region. A coalition government is often times considered a very weak form of
government because there is no majority party. In such cases, the only way policy gets approved is
by making concessions, hence the forming of a coalition.
A coalition government, also known as a coalition cabinet, can be one of the most entertaining, and
volatile, forms of government. Often, it may be hard to know how an issue is going to turn out,
unlike countries where there are only

Analysis : Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was (28 May 1883 – 26 February 1966) was a poet, playwright and a
fierce advocate of India 's independence. He espoused dismantling the caste system in India, and
reconversion of the converted Hindus back to Hindu religion. This term was coined Hindutva, as
opposed to Hinduism which is regarded in a social/political communalist context. Hindutva, on the
other hand, advocated national unity and fraternal brotherhood among all Indians.
Hinduism is a movement centred around a religion, or in essence, is a religion which spans roughly
4th century CE. The followers of the religion are called Hindus, though in a different connotation as
compared to Savarkar 's Hindutva. For Savarkar, Hindus were a people who lived in Hindustan, and
were part of a common territory. In Old Persian, the land ahead the Indus River was called Hinduš
(the Iranian interpretation of Sanskrit Sindhu), hence modern Persian Hind, Hindū. This added to the
Iranic suffix –stān became Hindustan, "land of the Hindus" . Savarkar was a staunch believer of
national unity as opposed to a religious fanatic. A reported atheist, he held Hindus as a cultural and
political entity.
Since Savarkar held Hindus as a national identity, his perception opposed the definition of religion
as the pinnacle of man 's priorities, as thrust by major religious texts or religious bodies. Hindutva
regarded the definition of a citizen by territorial allegiance, rather than ethnicity, religion or some
other

The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots in India
The 1984 Anti–Sikh Riots in India
The Anti–Sikh riots in the 1984 year of riots had been anything in particular. People are aggrieved
when they hear of the incident and narrate stories of how runaway crime could have increased on
Sikhs during the time. The main reason for the advent of the riots was the shooting down of Mrs.
Indira Gandhi in morning of 31 October 1984. The riots had started off in the evening just after her
morning death. The information of the riots was already taken by Giyani Jail Singhji that meeting of
congress leaders – Arun Nehru, HKL Bhagat and Jagdish Tytler and more were deciding to give a
slogan called 'khoon ka badla khoon'. The first riot took place in the evening near Delhi market of
INA, near south Delhi.
The riots were a challenge to the government to counter the overt insurgency effects, people security
and unplanned measures. In revenge for the army raid she (Mrs. Indira Gandhi) had approved on
Amritsar's Golden temple the center of Sikh faith, occupied by major Sikh Nationalists, was the
reason purported to be the fact on the riots gaining more fire. Officially, the 492 civilians as well as
83 soldiers had got killed in the operation.
Also CBI the main investigating agency has been of the opinion that many such violence based riots
might have also in this incident been supported with help of police and Central government. Later
on the Rajiv Gandhi government had come to power and he had said about the incident as 'when a
big tree falls,

Essay On Kabir Kala Manch
After the Gujarat riots, which was a three–day period of inter–communal violence between the
Hindus and Muslims in the western Indian state of Gujarat. A group of students came together and
formed Kabir Kala Manch. A cultural group which, through their music and poetry, took up the
cause of social inequality by making people aware on various social issues through their street plays
in the city. They fearlessly encourage listeners to oppose government policies promoting economic
liberation that conserve India's social economic division.
Some ways of distributing their points towards the public such as their song "My Mother", "Rohith
Vemula" which comments on the death of democracy, and "Sadhya Patta Bhumigat" published by
Lokvangmay ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They perform across the country in slums, university auditoriums and theater venues. But despite
these performances unfortunately some of their recent shows were cancelled due to people who
believe that the group threatens national security since they openly critique the state. Due to this
happening, different members of the Kabir Kala Manch have been imprisoned since 2011. Just
recently some of the members were actually recently released this year during the month of January.
One of the troupe's famous songs is about the suicide death of Rohith Vemula. The scholar from
Hyderabad University who committed suicide. The song comments on the death of democracy,
Sheetal Sathe who is the founder and member of the cultural troupe sings about how casteism which
is prejudice or antagonism against someone, blocks the education system and about how it placed
restrictions on education. Sathe unfortunately was in jail for three months on the charge that she and
her husband were Maoists which is a type of communist party in India. Sheetal Sathe was arrested
when she was 6 months pregnant. Due to her health conditions, she was let out on bail when she
was over 8 months pregnant. The couple and other members of KKM arrested themselves
voluntarily. Sathe joined KKM soon after its formation in 2002. Mali her husband joined a year
later, by leaving his job to become a full–time activist. The group which is clearly left leaning, has
stated

Journey To Education : My Journey Of Education In India
India is being considered as 'Tiger Economy' and emerging as a big power on the global map, but in
the same country millions of Dalits (broken people) and Tribal (native people) are living in
subhuman condition. One of the egregious examples is manual scavenging; according to Non–
Governmental Organization (NGO) projection 1.3 million people in India are involved in manual
scavenging work. This is unbelievable and unacceptable in any civilized society, but people are
forced into manual scavenging work across India. These people are called 'Untouchables' and they
are Dalits within Dalits in India and their conditions are disgraceful and unparalleled in the world.
This is of great significance in my life because I'm a Dalit and was born in the slum of a big city
(Ahmedabad). Since an early age I have been experiencing and observing discrimination in the
name of caste (social hierarchical structure).
The great emancipator of Dalits, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar said education is the tool to fight against
oppression and all forms of injustice. I understood this message deeply from early on in my life and
strived for higher education. The first big milestone in my journey of education was to earn a M. Sc
in Agriculture Economics (2001) at Gujarat Agriculture University (India). I became the first person
to acquire a master degree in my clan. It was an interesting combination of science and agriculture
and studied Economics, Extension Education and Statistics. As an academic requirement I

Gandhi 's Effect On The World
Gandhi's Salt march which had the Indian independence. Gandhi played a major role in the
development of nonviolence and peace activities. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre–
eminent political and spiritual bellwether of India and the Indian independence movement. He had
many adherents, and edified many how to protest placidly, instead of utilizing violence and war.
Gandhi is a role model for many people today and is one of the most famous of all nonviolent
activists. Gandhi made an immensely colossal impact on the world through his work. "The Salt
March gave the world the idea of the use of mass nonviolence in politics. To Indians, it helped
produce a 'Father of the Nation.' Gandhi was instrumental in freeing India from the yoke of British
imperialism and consequently started the unravelling of global colonialism." (Gandhian
Nonviolence And The Salt March).
"As for Mr. Gandhi, he is confident he will begin his illegal gathering of salt at 6:30 o 'clock
tomorrow morning. But, as he remarked to your correspondent with a wry smile." "That is to say, if
I am allowed to do so." (Gandhi Makes Salt, Defying India 's Law). The Salt March, which took
place in India from 12th March 1930, was an act of civil disobedience to protest British rule in India
led by Mohandas Gandhi (1869–1948). During the march, thousands of Indians followed Gandhi
from his religious near Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea coast, a distance of some 240 miles. The
march resulted in the apprehend of

Christian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth Essay
Christian Teachings on Poverty and Wealth
Ever since the beginning of the Christian faith, poverty and wealth have been a big issue. Before
Jesus was born, the rich would use religion to keep the poor away from them. The wealthy thought
their riches were a blessing from God and that their faith and dedication was a reason for God
bestowing them with wealth. They believed that the poor were not true followers of God and
therefore suffered with poverty. They thought that the poor were not as important in the eyes of
God. However, Jesus himself was born in a poor family and he was born in a stable where the
animals were kept. "For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though he was rich, ...
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This was what Jesus was particularly against and believed that this was what would prevent a select
few from reaching heaven. "Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God." "But
woe to you who are rich, for you have already received your comfort." Luke 6: 20 and Luke 6:24.
He believed that, "You cannot serve both God and money." Luke 16:13. All men and women were
equal in God's eyes regardless of status and wealth: "There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free,
male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus." Galatians 3:26.
In the Bible, Saint James said that the most important people in heaven were the outcasts of society
making them one of the most loved people of God: "Has not God chosen those who are poor in the
eyes of the world to be rich in faith and to inherit the kingdom he promised those who love him?"
James 2:5. In 1Timothy 6:10, Saint Paul said that "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of
evil." Through this quote, Saint Paul emphasizes that monetary problems lead to most wrong doings
such as stealing, corruption and gambling. Saint Paul did not condemn money or wealth and neither
did Jesus but said that the love of money was wrong and this is what kept a rich man from entering
heaven. He also said that, "Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows
generously will also reap generously."

Women Empowerment
NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN (2001) | | |Introduction | |The
principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental |
|Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to |
|women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of
women. | |Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and
programmes have| |aimed at women's advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year
Plan (1974–78) onwards has| |been a marked shift in the approach to women's issues from ... Show
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Therefore, they remain largely marginalized, poor and socially excluded. | |Goal and Objectives |
|1.11 The goal of this Policy is to bring about the advancement, development and empowerment of
women. | |The Policy will be widely disseminated so as to encourage active participation of all
stakeholders for| |achieving its goals. Specifically, the objectives of this Policy include | |(i) Creating
an environment through positive economic and social policies for full development of | |women to
enable them to realize their full potential | |(ii) The de–jure and de–facto enjoyment of all human
rights and fundamental freedom by women on equal | |basis with men in all spheres – political,
economic, social, cultural and civil | |(iii) Equal access to participation and decision making of
women in social, political and economic | |life of the nation | |(iv) Equal access to women to health
care, quality education at all levels, career and vocational | |guidance, employment, equal
remuneration, occupational health and safety, social

The Indian History And The Status Of Women
The Indian History and the Status of Women :
Women's security is closely connected to global security still they suffer simply because they differ
in gender. According to the UN Commission on Human Security, 'the security of one person, one
community, one nation rests on the decisions of many others, sometimes fortuitously, sometimes
precariously''. However, in the interrelated world everyone is influenced either positively or
negatively by the decisions of individuals or states (UNIFEM
2003). To understand the status of the Indian women it is important to understand the history gender
discrimination in the country.
In 1947, the Indian history of violence against women was perceivable in the violent nature of the
nation's partition. The women were raped, abducted and their bodies were used as a medium of
men's evil expression as Indian Hindus and the Pakistani Muslims battled for power to defend their
countries. This tactic of humiliating the opponent by using women's bodies as a tool of power
dominance is still being practiced in the Indian society and is visible in the cases of Devi and Sori
(Dobhal 2011: 598).
Mother India, commonly termed as Bharat Mata in Sanskrit is the national personification of
India as a mother goddess which is widely depicted as a woman clad in a saffron sari holding the
national flag. The position of women was high in India and some might argue that degrading
positioning of women in the society is influenced by the impact of colonialism.

Roles Of Sangh Parivar
CHAPTER 2 HINDU NATIONALISTS AD THEIR LOVE FOR FASCISM
Introduction
Various organisations in India who laid their foundation resting their ideology on' one nation, one
culture, one language and one religion' are found to follow the footsteps of Nazi Germany. Nazi
Germany was adopted as the apt role model for the Sangh Parivar, especially the concept of anti–
Semitism was embraced with more enthusiasm. Like the Jews were for Germans, Muslims are for
the Hindu fanatics of Sangh Parivar. The bodies involved in incorporating and developing such
ideals include Vishwa Hindu Parishad(VHP), the religious wing of Sangh Parivar,especially,
Bajrang Dal, political wing BJP and the umbrella organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak
Sangh(RSS).
The Sangh Parivar ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Referring to the minorities in India, especially Muslims, he wrote, " For though Hindusthan to them
is Fatherland as to any other Hindu yet it is not to them a Holy land too. Their holy land is far off in
Arabia or Palestine." (chapter: Who is a Hindu?). He further writes, " the tie of common holy land
has at times proved stronger than the chains of a Motherland. Look at the Mohammedans. Mecca to
them is a sterner reality than Delhi or Agra." (chapter: Unique Natural Blessings to

Juvenile Delinquency Is Not A Problem
Children constitute the most vulnerable section of society and are the most important asset for the
future and development of that society. It was righty coined by Abraham Lincoln "A child is a
person who is going to carry what you have started. He is going to sit where you are sitting, and
when you are gone, attend to those things you think are important. You may adopt all the policies
you please, but how they carried out depends on him. He is going to move in and take over your
churches, schools, universities and corporations. The fate of humanity is in his hands" . But, over
the past few decades juvenile violence crime has grown twice as quickly as that of the adults.
Childhood experiences plays a very significant role in the development of criminality in a juvenile,
generally this trait of criminality is not noticeable in the early life, but if they are acted upon future
delinquency can be avoided. Juvenile delinquency is not a problem in just one corner of the earth
but it is a problem faced worldwide in every country. In order to tackle with problems like juvenile
delinquency efforts are being made nationally and internationally to rehabilitate, protect and prevent
juvenile delinquency. Our country has from since quite sometime over the past few decades have
been working and aiming at protecting children and the juveniles in conflict with the legal system
by introducing various Acts and rules in order to do the same as mentioned above. The crime
commited by juvenile

Perjury
PERJURY
WHAT IS PERJURY?
Perjury is the "willful and corrupt taking of a false oath in regard to a material matter in a judicial
proceedings." It is sometimes called "lying under oath" i.e., deliberately telling a lie in a courtroom
after having taken an oath to tell the truth. It is important that the false statement be material to case
at hand, means that false statement could effect the outcome of the case. It is not considered perjury,
for example : to lie about age unless age is a key factor in proving the case.
Perjury can be used as a threat. Although, perjury is a very serious crime under state and Federal
laws, and while prosecutors often threaten prosecution, the member of actual prosecution for perjury
is tiny. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The allegation that, Zaheera Sheikh took money to retract her statement is open to judicial scrutiny.
Witnesses turning hostile in several cases take not only the courts for a __ but Justice itself.
Zaheera Sheikh is not a only example of someone allegedly having committed "perjury" there are
majority of cases in which witnesses give false evidence or retract their statements at a later stage,
which results in the accused being acquitted.
If the Indian courts started taking action against falsehood the case of perjury would outnumber all
other categories of cases. But the Best Bakery Case, as indeed the Jessica Lal Murder Case, have
become high profile and are therefore being highlighted and discussed in detail.
Under section 191, of the Indian Penal Code, perjury is defined as "giving false evidence". The
person is prosecuted to have given false statement at some point, but hardly anyone, including legal
experts, can recall a single case before Best Bakery Case and the Jessica Lal murder case in which a
person was prosecuted for making a false statement before the court.
Under section 191 of the IPC, an affidavit is evidence and a person swearing to a false affidavit is
guilty of perjury, which is punishable of imprisonment which may extend to seven years.
However, action against making a false statement should be

Hindu Muslim Violence And India
Civil violence, often representing ethnic, religious or racial conflict has been rising through the past
half–century (Gleditsch et al. 2002), but we still have only a limited understanding of its causes.
While there is considerable evidence that the outbreak of civil conflict results from poverty (e.g.
Miguel et al. 2004; Bohlken and Sergenti 2010; Do and Iyer, 2010), the evidence on other potential
causes including the importance of social divisions and political grievances is more controversial
(Blattman and Miguel, 2010: p.45). This paper examines Hindu–Muslim violence in India. Muslims
constitute India's largest religious minority, and the observed patterns of Hindu–Muslim violence
suggest that Muslims are more likely to have been the victims of such violence (Mitra and Ray,
2010). Since Muslims are also under–represented in elected office (constituting only 5% of
members in the national legislature in 2009, down from nearly 9% in 1980), we investigate whether
increasing Muslim political representation lowers the incidence of religious conflict. We put
together unique data on both the religious identity of politicians and religious conflict for the period
1960–2007, merged at the state and the district level. We account for the potential endogeneity of
Muslim representation by instrumenting the share of Muslim legislators with the share of Muslim
legislators who win in close elections against Hindus (a strategy similar to that implemented by Lee,
2001 and Clots–Figuer

Eastern vs Western India
Poverty –In three poor states in eastern India, the poverty ratio dropped far more slowly –– from
66% to 47.15% in Orissa, 62% to 42.6% in Bihar, and 51% to 36.09% in Assam Literacy Eastern
India has a literacy rate of 59.7, which is much lower than the national literacy rate of 64.8. While
male literacy is lower than the national average, female literacy in the East is much higher than the
national average of 43.9. Workers account for 37.1 percent of the population of East India. The ratio
of both male and female workers is lower than the averages for India. Unemployment Tourism
Industry GDP Agriculture Economic Reforms Population The Eastern region of India has a current
population of 312 million and represents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, these results provide vital information to assess the situation to develop public health
interventions, and to sensitise the concerned agencies to implement the laws related to violence
against women. The overall prevalence of physical, psychological, sexual and any form of violence
among women of Eastern India were 16%, 52%, 25% and 56% respectively. These rates reported by
men were 22%, 59%, 17% and 59.5% respectively. Men reported higher prevalence of all forms of
violence apart from sexual violence. Husbands were mostly responsible for violence in majority of
cases and some women reported the involvement of husbands' parents. It is found that various acts
of violence were continuing among majority of women who reported violence. Some socio–
economic characteristics of women have significant association with the occurrence of domestic
violence. Urban residence, older age, lower education and lower family income are associated with
occurrence of domestic violence. Multivariate logistic regressions revealed that the physical
violence has significant association with state, residence (rural or urban), age and occupation of
women, and monthly family income. Similar associations are found for psychological violence
(with residence, age, education and occupation of the women and monthly family income) and
sexual violence

Article 18 : Causes Of The Godhra Train Burning
Godhra Train burning
Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with
others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and
observance.
In this world, human beings have their own beliefs based on ethics, practices, and religion.
Traditionally, religion is considered the view of God and a source of religious beliefs. Among all
faiths, Hinduism and Islam are two of the world's largest religions. However, if the pages were
flipped back in history, the tensions between Islam and Hindu would reveal a constant eruption
between the two religions. On February 27, 2002, the Sabarmati Express train was set on fire killing
fifty–nine people died near the Godhra railway station. The blame for the train fire was directly
placed on Muslims of Godhra by the government of Gujarat. There was a huge controversy whether
the incident was an accident or preplanned attack.
According to the investigation, the conflict started when the Hindu militant activists attacked a
Muslim woman and pulling off her headscarf. This flashpoint between the two religious ideologies
is believed to have triggered the Human Right Violation. Such disrespect by the Hindu activist is a
violation of Article 5 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights due to the influence of
religiosity, the norms and mores, and political

Failures Of Indira Gandhi
Week Ten: This weeks analysis on Indira Gandhi helped me unpack her successes and failures.
Some of the major failures that my group talked about was the forced sterilization, state of
emergency, religious divide, censorship and corruption. The mass forced sterilization was ultimate
failure in my eyes and as I talked about prior a major human rights violation. Interestingly, Indira
Gandhi had no gender policy during her reign. One would think that a women politician would want
to address so many of the problems that plague women on a daily basis. If I was a women in India
during the time where Indira Gandhi came to power, I would have been devastated that she was not
interested in improving women's rights. Indira also reinforced the religious divide within India,
especially for the Sikhs. She ended up exacerbating tensions in the region, which ultimately lead to
her demise.
While she did have a lot of failures, this weeks class helped bring to light some of her successes as
well. Prior to this class I only really thought of her failures and even during class my group had a
hard time coming up with anything. I think her lack of credentials and her short–sidedness made her
ill prepared to be a ruler. Throughout this class I began to admire Nehru and his leadership of India;
however, with Indira I felt myself being angry and disappointed with her ruling style.
Rajiv Gandhi's rise to power was even more abrupt than his mothers. He was even less qualified
than his

Review Of The Poem 'Little Things' By Richard Smiley: The...
JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED
"Little drops of
Water, little grains of sand
Make the mighty ocean
And the pleasant land,
Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of love
Help to make earth happy
Like the heaven above."
This poem of Julia A F Cabney in "Little Things" was quoted by the Supreme Court judges
Doraiswamy Raju and Arijit Pasayat while delivering their judgement on April 12 in the infamous
Best Bakery riot case in Gujarat.
Before I start I would like to highlight something about the origin of the quoted line "Justice delayed
is justice denied." This line was written by William Ewart Gladstone (1809 – 1898). He was one of
the greatest of English Politicians and also former British Prime Minister.
The 15th August 1947 is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The modern day Neros were looking elsewhere when innocent children and helpless women were
burning and were probably deliberating how the perpetrators of the crime could be protected," the
apex court said.
The judgment is an indictment not only against the Narendra Modi government, its bureaucracy,
police, prosecution but also against the state judiciary. One can understand the inaction of the state
governments, its subservient bureaucracy, police and prosecution but not the judiciary.
"The public prosecutor was not acting in a manner befitting the position held by him. He did not
even request the trial court for holding the trial in–camera when a large number of witnesses were
resiling from the statements made during investigation. The powers under Section 165 of the Indian
Evidence Act (Judge's power to put questions or order production) was not resorted to at all'. One of
the witnesses was declared being of unsound mind but it was manipulated by the prosecution to
drop him from being a witness, the apex court said.
Some of the witnesses were not examined at all without disclosing reasons. Courts are not expected
to play to the gallery. They are not expected to be tape recorders to record whatever the witnesses

are stating. Section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and Section 165 of the Evidence Act
confer vast and wide powers on presiding officers of court to elicit all

Religious Genocide
Religious genocide in Gujarat Religious genocide in Gujarat is also known as the Gujarat pogrom
and the Gujarat riots. This was the three days period of inter–communal violence which was
occurred in the western state of India. This is the violence between Hindu and Muslims religion
which happened in between September– October 1969. This communal violence was the first major
massacre, arson, rapes and on large scale of looting. Since the partition of India, it was the most
deadly Hindu–Muslim Violence. Following the Initial incident, there were other occurrences of
violence, 1985 Bhagalpur violence and conflicts in the main city of Gujarat which is Ahmedabad.
There were continuous outbreaks of the communal violence against the minority ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because government as well as their neighbour were against them. Both these powers wants to
reduce the population of Muslims in state. Over 32 million Muslims lost their property. This
approach was totally power based. Mostly political power was used in this massacre. Hindu wanted
to boycott the Muslims. It is kind of war against both the religion which resulted murders, rapes,
homelessness and destroyed the property. Conflict analysis  A systematic Targeting women 
Masculinity and political murders  The politics of violence  Discrimation What might have
happened? Because of massive destruction country will have to face poverty and hunger. If these
violence happened again, it make bad impact on the relation of India with other Muslim countries.
In a result, India faces shortage of many things and economy goes down. Conclusion This is the
conflict between Hindu, Muslims and the government. Because of this massacre, thousands of
people lost their lives, thousands were injured and thousands were missing. Millions of property
were destroyed and most of the property were Muslim property. Hindu boys raped Muslims girls.
This could not happened if the government took the strict action against the

The Pros And Cons Of Globalization
With globalization comes migration, as people choose to immigrate from one place to the other in
search of better opportunities. Because of globalization, nations attempt to homogenize their diverse
population, with disregard to individuals own cultural ties. The backlash of this disregard causes
violent civil conflict, as differing cultures branch out and mobilize for their own cause. According to
Samuel. P Huntington, people are no longer defined by their political, ideological or economic
positions, but rather their cultural identity. Huntington classified the world into 8 major
civilizations: Sinic, Japanese, Hindu, Islamic, Orthodox, Western, Latin American and African.
Because of globalization, these cultures are migrating with one another and are creating nations that
are multi–cultural. Huntington argues that different cultures will always clash because of their basic
immutable differences, increased interactions, social change, and the West's superiority. For
example, the West versus Islam is the most dominating culture clash in modern time, as evident in
the Gulf War, Afghanistan war, and Iraq War/ The increased communication between the two have
exaggerated their differences and the Wests repeated attempt to universalize values, and institution
while maintaining their superiority, has caused resentment within the Middle East and Muslim
communities across the globe. In addition, Huntington argues that a resurgence in knowing your
roots and the revival of

Role of the Public Prosecutor
Role of the Public Prosecutor in the Criminal Justice System In independent India, it goes without
saying that the criminal justice system (hereafter CJS) must function within the framework of the
principles enunciated by the Constitution. Broadly speaking, these are as follows : The guarantee of
equality before the law Equal protection of the laws Prohibition of discrimination imposed upon the
State Deprivation of life / personal liberty only in accordance with procedure established by law
Presumption of innocence of the accused The requirement of proof beyond reasonable doubt The
right of the accused to remain silent Arrest and detention in accordance with law and judicial
guidelines Protection against double ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Outside these developments, other pressures such as patriarchal prejudices and caste/class biases
impinge upon the functioning of the State and its agencies. These questions assume greater
significance in situations where those arraigned for trial are functionaries and agents of the State
itself. Evidences related to the 1984 anti Sikh massacre in Delhi, the 1992 anti–Muslim violence in
Mumbai and the 2002 state–sponsored genocide in Gujarat have all convincingly named and shown
public servants in the role of perpetrators, conspirators and abettors in serious crimes including
murder, rape and arson. Can a Public Prosecutor functioning within the present system discharge the
onerous burden of bringing such persons to book? Does this not make the case for greater autonomy
for the prosecution to enable it to act freely and outside the executive? This project examines
institutional and statutory checks and balances in the present legal system that enable the prosecutor
to function independently uninfluenced by politics. The adequacy of these checks and the need for
increased autonomy are key concerns of the project. This project also looks at the pathetic state of
infrastructure and facilities available to Public Prosecutors. It is paradoxical that although the
rhetoric of a 'hard' state is propounded by parties of all hues, not even rudimentary facilities are
provided to Public

The Attack on Mumbai and 9-11
The attack on Mumbai ( 26/11 , 2008 ) has been an extremely serious tragedy proportions. Not only
shook Mumbai people , but also the country as a whole . Its impact has been in politics in South
Asia.
Terrorism, as such, has been dominating the political scene since the last decades , especially after
the cowardly attack on World Trade Center on 9/11 , 2001. Although the official version of the law
has undergone severe questioning , yet this event was used by the U.S. to promote its objective of
controlling the oil wealth in western Asia. This led to a chain of events leading to the invasion of
Afghanistan and the U.S. occupation of Iraq . This resulted in total disgrace on the people of Iraq, a
symbol which comes in the form of Muntadhar al– Zaidi, an Iraqi journalist throwing his shoes at
George Bush. (December 2008 ) .
The Al Qaeda was blamed for the 9/11 Commission has a long history and that his works came to
the surface, one got to know in due time, which itself was formed U.S. to fight the Russian armies in
Afghanistan. The word Islamic Terrorism was built by the U.S. media uncritically and was picked
up by the global media . The meanings of the words Jihad and Kafir were modified to suit the
indoctrination module developed by U.S. to train terrorists in specially created Madrasa in Pakistan.
It is left on one of these groups that have wreaked havoc in South Asia, Kashmir and parts of India ,
in particular.
As this type of terrorism has also been the principal

Rural Afro-Colombia
Introduction technology as a life enhancing tool is on the rise in development projects, and as
people become more dependent on technology, exploring how culture and technology intersect is
increasingly important for the wellbeing of target communities. Colombia is a significant point of
departure in this exploration as this country has experienced an influx of development programs
implementing information and communication technologies (ICTs)–laptops, mobile tablets and
mobile phones–as tools to enhance the livelihoods of people living in rural communities. Of the 5
million people who identify as Afro–Colombian (10% of the population of Colombia), 1.2 million
live in rural areas. The highest concentrations of Afro–Colombians live on or near the Pacific and
Caribbean Coasts, and two thirds of people living in rural communities live below the poverty line.
Several development projects being planned and implemented (Plan Vive Digital: Ministry of
Technology; Land and Rural Development Project–Colombia: USAID; Afro–Colombian and
Indigenous Program: USAID; etc.) to enhance measures of wellbeing that many rural Afro–
Colombian communities lack, such as economic sustainability, education, health, and security. The
main challenges to development projects in rural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I explore recent and relevant literary data from Colombia and around the world to demonstrate the
importance of understanding and accounting for the socio–cultural and socio–political dynamics of
rural communities during ICT based development projects. This review aims to specifically address
socio–cultural and socio–political dynamics as primary determinants in enhancing livelihoods and
the sustainability of ICT development projects in rural Afro–Colombian communities. Moreover,
this review establishes best practices for ICT based development projects in rural

Increasing Crimes

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