Rural Sociology, Social Group, Customs, Extension Education.

1. PHOENIX
COACHING CENTER
impossible to defeat

2. Rural Sociology

3. Sociology
•The term sociology was coined by Auguste Comte
(1789-1875) who is often referred as the father of
sociology who named it from two words, of which one
is Latin word ‘socius’ meaning companion and the
other is Greek word ‘logos’ meaning speech or
reasoning.

4. SOCIOLOGY-சமூகவியல்
SOCIUS
(Latin)
Companion
LOGOS
(Greek)
Speech or
Reasoning

5. Definitions
• Sociology is the science which attempts the interpretive
understanding of social man - Max Weber.
• Sociology is the study of human beings in their group relations.
As such it studies the interaction within and between groups of
people - Chitamber.

6. Rural Sociology
• According to Desai (1978), Rural Sociology is the science of rural
society.
• The sociology of rural life is a study of rural population, rural social
organization and the rural social processes operative in rural society.”
- F. S. Chapin
• Rural sociology is the study of human relationships in rural environment
- Bertrand

7. Nature of Rural Sociology
• Rural sociology attempts at scientific study of the rural social
phenomena.
• It cannot be a science like natural sciences, say, physics,
chemistry or biology but it is certainly as science.
• Generally the subject which applies a scientific method is called
a science. From this point of view, rural sociology is a science.

8. Definition of Society
Society is defined as a group of people in more or
less permanent association who are organized for their
collective activities and who feel that they belong
together.

9. Define Society by G.D.M. Cole
Society is the complex of organized associations
and institutions within the community.

10. Elements of a society-ஒரு சமூகத்தின் கூறுகள்
➢ There should be social relationship- சமூக உறவு இருக்க வேண
் டும்.
➢ There should be likeness-ஒற்றுமம இருக்க வேண
் டும்.
➢ Inter-dependence must be present- இமை-சார்பு இருக்க
வேண
் டும்.
➢ Co-operations must be present - ஒத்துமைப்புகள் இருக்க
வேண
் டும்.

11. Characteristics of Indian Rural Society
1. Agriculture
2. Caste
3. The religious and caste composition of village largely determines its character.
4. Each village is independent. All villages have their own organizations, authority
and sanctions. Every village has Panchayat which is village self government.
5. Village settlements are governed by certain traditions.

12. • The rural society is self-sufficient. The unit of production in rural
society is the family, which tries to produce much of its required
goods. Economic production is the basic activity of rural aggregates
(rural groups).
• As a territorial, social, economic and religious unit, the village is a
separate and distinct entity.
• Village is characterized by isolation
• The chief characteristic of rural life is homogeneity

13. Social Groups
• Social structure is composed of groups.
• Social groups are the units out of which society is
constructed.
• Study of group is of primary important in the study of
society and also important as a part of the total structure of
society.

14. Definitions of Group
• According to Chitambar a social group is a unit of two or
more people in reciprocal (3/4 x 4/3) interaction and in
communication with each other.
• Maclever defined social group as a collection of human
beings who enter into distinctive social relationships with one
another

15. Customs-சுங்கம்
 Socially prescribed forms of behavior which are
transmitted by tradition.
 It classified in many ways such as
Folkways(நாை்டுப்புற ேழிகள்),(approved forms of
behavior), Mores, Taboos (தமைகள்), Rituals
(சைங்குகள் ), Conventions (மரபுகள் ).

16. Social Interaction
 Subjective mutual orientation towards each other’s
not by the physical relation ordistance.
 Acts, action, or practices of more people mutually oriented
towards each other.

17. Culture- கலாச்சாரம்
 Culture stands for the moral, spiritual, and intellectual attainments of man.
 Culture means acquired behaviors, which are shared by and transmitted among the
members of the society.
 Ethnocentrism: It is the tendency of society to consider its own culture as best,
and others as inferiors.
 It is a feeling whereby the natives come to despise foreigners and feel superior to
them.
 Cultural lag means that some parts of people's culture do not change as do other
traits. It means that one or more phases of culture have moved ahead and that all
other phases are lagging behind.

18. Intelligence quotient (IQ)
 Intelligence measured by IQ.
 Greek word coined by William stern. The idea is first given by Stamford
 Measured in %. Its value varies from 70 to130
Mental Age
IQ = --------------------------- x 100.
Chronological Age

19. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
 The concept of PRA – Henry Ford
 Father of PRA – Robert Chambers
 Father of PRA in India – Neela Mukherjee
 The term PRA used in –Kenya
 PRA has it origin during the late eighties (1988-89)
 PRA was introduced in India by –NGO

20. PRA
 The ideal objective of PRA is the empowerment of rural people
 The main innovation of PRA is behavior
 The role of extension personnel in PRA is a facilitator
 Insiders role in PRA is analyst, presenter
 Outsiders’ role in PRA is initiator, catalyst
Principle of PRA: optimal ignorance, offsetting bias,
triangulation.

21. Tools and techniques of PRA
 Techniques divided into three categories i.e. Space, Time,
Relation related
 Space-related: social map, resource map, transect & mobility
map
 Time-related: timeline, trend analysis, and seasonal diagram
 Relation related: cause and effect diagram, well-being ranking
& Venn diagram

22. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)
 Compare to PRA, RRA is a quicker method
 The main innovation of RRA is the method
 The ideal objective of RRA is learning from insiders by
out siders
 The insider's role in RRA is respondent
 Outsiders’ role in RRA is an in vestigator.

23. THANK YOU