3. Agro-industries
Agro-industry encompasses not only the activities that utilize raw
materials sourced from agriculture, but also those provide input
for modern agronomic practices.
Based on the input-output linkages and the interdependence
between agriculture and industry, agroindustry can be of two
types- (a) processing industries or agro-based industries and (b)
input supply industries or agro-industries.
4. Types of Agro-industries
1. Cottage industries
2. Food Processing and Beverages
3. Textiles Industries
4. Jute Industry
5. Khadi and Village Industry
5. 1. Cottage industries
•These are generally associated with
agriculture as a part time or whole-time
occupation in rural and semi-urban areas.
6. 2. Food Processing and Beverages
The Ministry of Food Processing Industries implements various Central Sector
Scheme to boost food-processing industries.
It has recently re-structured its schemes under the new Central Sector Scheme –
Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojna (PMKSY).
The scheme components include setting up of (a) Mega Park (b) Integrated Cold
Chainand Value Addition Infrastructure (c) Food Safety and Quality Assurance
Infrastructure
• (d) Human Resources Development and Institution.
7. 3. Textiles Industries.
The Government has rolled out a number of initiatives. These
include:
• Scheme for Integrated Textiles Park, Integrated Processing Development
Scheme, Group Workshed Scheme, Common Facility Centre and Amended
Technology Up- gradation Fund Scheme, Scheme for the Development of the
power loom Sector (Power Tex).
8. SAMARTH :
The Scheme for Capacity Building in Textiles
Sector (SCBTS), Comprehensive Handloom
Cluster Development Scheme (CHCDS, Rebate of
State and Centre Taxes and Levies (ROSCTL) etc.
9. 4. Jute Industry
The Govt has attempting to modernize the jute mills by
increasing their productivity and bringing in modern technology
and equipment.
National Jute Board’s Schematic interventions, providing capital
subsidy to jute mills to address their issues and challenges at hand.
10. 5. Khadi and Village Industry
Ministry of MSME’s Khadi and Village Industries
Commission (KVIC) promotes setting up of various post-harvest
agro and food based micro industries like processing of pulse,
cereals etc.
Through Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme
(PMEGP), KVIC tries to generate self-employment opportunities.
11. Khadi and Village Industry
• Mahatma Gandhi called for the use of khadi in
1920 primarily with a political intent to boycott
foreign goods in general and cloth in particular.
12. The various facets of Gandhiji’s concept of
khadi
• Key to Swaraj, means of mass education.
• Link between people of different classes.
• Symbol of dignity and manual labour, கண
் ணியம் மற்றும் உடல் உழைப்பு
• means for securing more even distribution of means of living.
13. • Check of drain of wealth to foreign countries,
• An occupational therapy for physical illness afflicting the West,
• Emblem of non-violence, for international peace, and an
instrument for village reconstruction.
• Emphasis on providing living wage was also introduced
subsequently.
14. Khadi and Village Industries Commission
(KVIC)
The All India Khadi and Village Industries Board were transformed into
the Khadi and Village Industries Commission by an Act of Parliament on
April 1, 1957.
The primary functions of the KVIC were generally to plan, organise and
implement programme for development of khadi and village industries.
• The KVIC has schedule of industries to be promoted by the Commission.
15. Problems of Rural Industries in India
1) Low Technology: Low technology base has been one of the major constraints in the growth of
rural industries.
2) Credit: Credit is one of the major requirements of rural artisans and entrepreneurs. Their
resource base being very poor their dependence on credit is crucial.
3) Raw Materials: The source of raw materials for several rural industries, by andlarge, is the
rural sector itself. However, these industries have been facing severe constraints procuring
their inputs.
4) Marketing: For certain products, like handlooms and khadi, it has become necessary to
identify and pursue particular segments of the market which have been patronising their
products.
16. Organisation
Industrial activities in rural areas continue to be poorly
organised. This is in spite of specialised organisational network
established exclusively foreach industry.
17. Agro- industries from agricultural products
and wastes-Sugarcane
Top Sugarcane Producing States: Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Karnataka > Tamil Nadu > Bihar.
India is the second largest producer of sugarcane after Brazil.
It can be grown on all variety of soils ranging from sandy loam to clay loam given these soils should
be well drained.
It is the main source of sugar, gur (jaggery), Bagasse and molasses.
Scheme for Extending Financial Assistance to Sugar Undertakings (SEFASU) and National Policy on
Biofuels are two of the government initiatives to support sugarcane production and sugar industry.
18. Cotton seed
Cottonseed is used as feed products for livestock or is crushed in the mill
toobtain cottonseed oil and cottonseed oil cake.
Cotton Seed Oil Cake - Cottonseed oil cake can be used in multiple ways:
either alone or by mixing it with other plant and animal protein sources.
• Cottonseed meal is a good source of protein.
19. Banana Sheath
Banana is one of the world’s most important fruit crops.
Its enormous by-products are an excellent source of highly valuable
raw materials for other industries by recycling agricultural waste.
Banana by-products such as peels, leaves, pseudo stem, stalk and
inflorescence in various food and non-food applications serving as
thickening agent, coloring and flavor, alternative source for macro and
micronutrients, nutraceuticals, livestock feed, natural fibers, and
sources of natural bioactive compounds and bio-fertilizers.
20. Forest Products
It includes Timber and all non-timber forest produce of plant
origin and includes bamboo, canes, fodder, leaves, gums, waxes, dyes,
resins and many forms of food including nuts, wild fruits, honey, lac,
tusser etc.
21. It provides both subsistence and cash income for people who
live in or near forests. They form a major portion of their food,
fruits, medicines and other consumption items and also provide
cash income through sales.
Recently, the Central government has revised the Minimum
Support Price (MSP) for Minor Forest Produce (MFP).
The increased Minimum support price (MSP) ranges from 16% to
66%.
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