This document defines key concepts of culture and society. It explains that society is a group of people who share a common territory, interaction, and culture. Culture is the knowledge, beliefs, arts, and customs that are learned and shared within a society. The document differentiates between material culture, which includes tangible objects, and non-material culture, which consists of ideas and beliefs. It also describes characteristics of culture like how it is learned, shared, and adaptive, as well as common elements of culture such as symbols, language, values, beliefs, norms, and technology.
3. OBJECTIVES
1. Explain the concept of society
and culture;
2. Describe some major
characteristics of society and
culture;
3. Differentiate between the
various meanings of culture
within society; and
4. Appreciate the significance of
culture in the society
7. SOCIETY
FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURAL
society is defined as a complex of
groups in reciprocal relationships,
interacting upon one another,
enabling human organisms to
carry on their life-activities and
helping each person to fulfill his
wishes and accomplish his
interests in association with his
fellows.
society is the total social heritage
of folkways mores and institutions;
of habits, sentiments and ideals.
8. The important
aspect of society
is the system of
relationships, the
pattern of the
norms of
interaction by
which the
members of the
society maintain
themselves.
21. TYPES OF SOCIETIES
PRE-
INDUSTRIAL
1.Hunting and
gathering
society
2.Pastoral society
3.Horticultural
society
4.Agrarian
Society
INDUSTRIAL
Capitalistic
societies
POST-
INDUSTRIAL
transition from
a manufacturing
-based economy
to a service-
based economy
MODERN
Increasing role
of technology
22. CULTURE
• complex whole which
includes knowledge,
beliefs, arts, morals,
laws, customs and any
other capabilities and
habits acquired by man
as a member of society
27. SYMBOLS
• refers to anything that
is used to stand for
something else. It is
anything that gives
meaning to the
culture.
• People who share a
culture often attach a
specific meaning to an
object, gesture,
sound, or image.
29. VALUES
• determine how individuals will probably respond in any given
circumstances.
• Members of the culture use the shared system of values to decide
what is good and what is bad.
30. BELIEFS
• They are conceptions or
ideas of people have about
what is true in the
environment around them
like what is life, how to
value it and how one’s
belied on the value of life
relate with his or her
interaction with others and
the world.
32. TECHNOLOGY
• refers to the
application of
knowledge and
equipment to ease the
task of living and
maintaining the
environment; it
includes artifacts,
methods and devices
created and used by
people
35. C
U
L
T
U
R
E
consists of tangible things . It refers to the physical
objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define
their culture.
Material Culture
36. C
U
L
T
U
R
E
consists of intangible things. This refers to the nonphysical ideas that people
have about their culture, including beliefs, values, rules, norms, morals,
language, organizations, and institutions
Non-Material Culture
40. Why is culture IMPORTANT???
1. Culture provides us with knowledge and
patterns of behavior necessary for survival
and for coping with the problems of life.
2. It provides measures to ensure peace and
order.
3. It is an important factor in the personality
development.
4. It provides people their own identity.
5. It adds meaning to life and establish
connection to our past and serves ad the
binding force of society.
It is a group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and follow a certain way of life.
The important aspect of society is the system of relationships, the pattern of the norms of interaction by which the members of the society maintain themselves.
No man is an island. No man can live alone. From
birth to death, man always dependsn upon his parents and from others. The care, support, and protection given by them are
important factors for survival.
This is the desire of people to be with other people, especially of their own culture. People flock together for emotional warmth and belongingness. the need for approval, sympathy and understanding to which the individual belongs is a psychosocial need.
Teachers, businessmen, students, physicians, nurses, lawyers, pharmacists, and other professionals organize themselves into societies or associations to promote and protect their own professions.
Knowledge and skills, dominant patterns of behavior, moral and social values, and aspects of personality are transmitted to each members, especially to the young. the family, the peer group, the school, the church and other government and non-government organizations play a role in the individual’s development.
Food, clothing, shelter, medicine, education, transportations and communication facilities, among others must be provided by society to satisfy the basic needs of its members.
Conformity to the prevailing norms of conduct ensures social control. The police, armed forces, law enforcement agencies and even the church and other government and non-government organizations exist as means of social control. Peace and order are created through a system of norms and
formal organizations.
Through social participation, the individuals in a society learn to interact with each other, present and discuss their concerns and solve their own problems or renew their commitment and values. the people are give the opportunities to contribute to their knowledge and skills for the betterment of their family, neighborhood and community. religious organizations, civic organizations, people’s organizations (PO) and non-government organizations (NGOs) do their part in community development.
Mutual support is provided to the members of society in the form of relief in any form and solution to problems met by them. This form of assistance may come from the family, neighbors, clans, government and non-government agencies, civic and religious organizations.
Societies exist in particular places and times, and they change over time. Societies are organized in particular patterns, patterns that are shaped by a range of factors, including the way people procure food, the availability of resources, contact with other societies, and cultural beliefs.
industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology and machinery to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour.
A post-industrial society is a social system in which most economic value and development is derived from services rather than goods.
The way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time
The different habits, skills, values and knowledge are acquired or learned in the course of a person’s life. This is what we call enculturation, the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that enable men to become active members of their communities.
Culture within a social group is transmitted to succeeding generations through imitation, instruction and example, in the
form of attitudes, values, beliefs and behavioral scripts are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups
All culture is changes. Changes in the environment are caused by inventions and discoveries. Man is capable of adjusting to his environment
These maybe based on common sense, folk wisdom, religion, science or a combination of all of these.
Children and adults alike have the tendency to imitate the values, attitudes, language and all other things in their social environment. Some of those things imitated are internalized in their personality and become a part of their attitude, character and other behavioral patterns
This may take the form of formal training or informal teaching. Formally, the person learns from school. Informally, he may acquire those behaviors from listening or watching, reading, attending training activities or through interaction.
The values, beliefs, and attitudes of other people are acquired through conditioning. This conditioning can be reinforced through reward and punishment
