Community Development Programmes , Community Development , Agricultural Extension, Scheme in India.

1. PHOENIX
COACHING CENTER
impossible to defeat

2. Community Development Programmes
2nd Oct 1952 , Started by S.K. Dey
The recommendations of the Fiscal Commission (1949) and the Grow More
Food Enquiry Committee (1952) the CDP was launched on October 2, 1952,
the birth-day of Mahatma Gandhi.
 It operated till September 1956, the basic unit is a block.
 Basic objective of Community Development in India is the development of
people of "Destination Man".
 The main philosophy of the project: co-operation and self-help
 Prime Minister as Chairman.

3.  Started with 55 community development projects, 400 to 500
miles, comprising 300 villages and a population about 2 lakhs.
 The project area divided into 3 development blocks, each
consisting of about 100 villages and a population of 60 to 70
thousand
 Each project had about 60 multi-purpose village level workers, one
for each group of 5 to 10 villages. CDP failed because of the lack
of participation of peoples
 CDP has 5 stages: Conception, Initiation, Operation,
Consolidation, Finalization

4. National Extension Service (Oct 2, 1953)
 Started by S.K. Dey. CDP merged with NES.
 Recommended by Grow More Food Committee
 Having wider coverage at less cost and more people participation than CDP
 Started with 100 villages covering a population of 60,000 to 70,000 over 150 to 170 square
miles. All NES blocks became CD blocks that were achieved by October 1963.
 NES covered the Whole country in 1963
 Each NES headed by a Block development officer (BDO).
 NES is an agency (CDP is a method)

5. Community Development Block
(Oct 2, 1954)
 The concept of the Block Development Officer (BDO) emerged.
 The operational unit is the development block.
 Nalagarh committee recommended merging of NES and CDB
 CDB covered the Whole country in 1963

6. Young Farmers' Association
 4 H-club was established in 1900 in America to provide
training to youth for agriculture and home development.
 4H means Heart, Head, Hand, and Health as explained by
A.B.Graham.
 On the basis of the 4H-club of the USA, the Young Farmers
association of India was started by P.S Deshmukh in 1956. He
published a magazine 'Rural Youth' and Gram yuvak

7. Panchayat Raj (Democratic Decentralization)
 The word democracy derived from the Greek word ‘Demos’ means
the people.
• ‘Kratos’ means Rule i.e. Peoples Rule.
 It is governance of the people, by the people, for the people.
 The Term Panchayat Raj was christened by J. L. Nehru
 Mahatma Gandhi coined the term panchayat raj system
(PRS) as ”Gram Swaraj”(village self-governance)

8.  Balwant Rai Mehta Committee recommended a (1957) three-tier
system of Panchayat raj i.e. Democratic Decentralization. The
recommendation came into force 1st April 1958
 The State of Madras tried this as a pilot project as early as 1957.
 Panchayati Raj was first started on Oct 2, 1959, at Nagaur
(Rajasthan) inaugurated by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. 2nd
state Andhra Pradesh in 1959.
 Village Panchayat is the lowest unit in the structure of Panchayat Raj

9. Three-tier Panchayat Raj System by
Balwant Rai Mehta committee
District level: Zila Parishad.
Block level : Panchayat Samiti
Village level : Gram Panchayat

10. District Collector to be the chairman of Zila Parishad.
Two-tier Panchayat Raj System by Ashok Mehta (1977) –
Karnataka (It exist in districts where the population is < 2 lakh)
District level: Zila Parishad
Grass rootlevel: Mandal Panchayat

11. Training and Visit System
(T & V system -1974)
 The concept of the T and V system was evolved in 1973 by Israeli extension
expert
• Daniel Benor who was a consultant on extension program in World Bank.
 Assisted by World bank
 Originated in India 1974 & Nepal 1975 by Daniel Banor
 T and V system is also called the Baster and Benor Scheme and firstly
evolved inTurkey by incidental learning.

12.  T & V system has two phages/ stages- (i) Training and (ii)Visit
 First T & V system introduced in Rajasthan (2nd-MP)
 West Bengal was the first to implementthe system throughout the state
 T& V: Single line of command /Linear model of transfer of technology
 Its Top-downapproach
 Aimed to achieve changes in production technologies
Features: Professionalism, Single line of command .
Extension agent: Farmer's ratio is 1:800-1200.

13. Ford Foundation in India: 1951-52
 Started by Paul Hoffman
 Ford foundation team-Agricultural production team (Jan 1959) sponsored
by theFord Foundation was invited to study the country’s food production
problems.
 The team submitted a report entitled ‘India’s food crisis and steps to meet it’
in April 1959.

14. Women and Child Development
Programme

15. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme) –1975
 The objective is to improve the nutritional and health
status of children below the age of 6 years and
pregnant and lactating mothers
 ICDS Scheme represents one of the world's largest and
most unique programs for early childhood development

16. DWCRA (Development of Women and Child in Rural
Areas) -1982
 The mid-term review of IRDP indicated that the flow of assistance to
women members of target group households was very marginal.
 The objective is to improve the conditions of women and children in
rural areas through the creation of income.
 It is partly supported by UNICEF and is jointly financed by Union and
State Governments.
 Revolving fund: Rs.25000

17. RMK (Rashtriya Mahila Kosh)/ National Credit Fund
for Women -1993
 RMK is a micro-credit agency for women sponsored by GOI
(Department of Women and Child Development)
 Objective- assisting women below the poverty line in
undertaking income- generating activities through the provision
of a package of financial and other services, and encourages
promotion women SHGs
 Its head office is in New Delhi.

18. MSY (Mahila Sambridhi Yojana) – 1993
•Objective – economic empowerment of women by
encouraging saving habits and enabling them to
become self-sufficient.

19. TANWA: Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture
 TANWA was signed between the Government of India and
the Royal Danish Government (DANIDA).
 TANWA was signed during June 1986.
 Finally changed into TANWABE: Tamil Nadu Women in Agri-
Business & Extension.

20. Employment Programmes

21. NREP (National Rural Employment Programme) -
Year- 1980,Provide wage employment to workers.
RLEGP(Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme) –
15th Aug 1983

22. IAY (Indira Awas Yojana) –(1985-86)
 IAY a sub-plan of RLEGP
 In 1989-90, RLEGP merged with JRY
 But on 1st Jan 1996, IAY was separated from JRY
 Providing shelter to the poor living people.
 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme

23. JRY (Jawahar Rozgar Yojana) –
1st, April 1989
 JRY = NREP (1980) + RLEGP (1983)
 Expenditure of Central and State 80:20
 Started by Rajiv Gandhi
 Its fund gets distributed among Zila Parishad, Panchayat Samiti,
and Village Panchayat in the ratio of 20: 15: 65
 Work is undertaken under JRY in the ratio for wage and material 60:40.

24. EAS (Employment Assurance Scheme) – 1993
 Provide wages employment for 100 days during the
lean agricultural season
 Expenditure of Central and State 80:20

25. PMRY (Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana)–
2nd Oct 1993
Age group to get subsidy 18 –35

26. SGSY (Swarna Jayanti Gram SwarozgarYojana) –
1st April 1999
 The main program for promoting poverty alleviation through self-employment.
 The program aimed at creating income-generating assets through a mix of bankcredit and
Government Subsidies
 Centre and State Government ratio – 75:25
 The BPL family in SHG formed under SGSY should be 80%
 Bank credit under SGSY available to group corpus up to 4 times
 SGSY replaced IRDP and its allied schemes viz. TRYSEM, DWCRA, SITRA (Supply of
Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans), GKY, MWS.

27. Annapurna Yojana – 1999
Providing food security (10 kg food grain) to
senior citizens

28. AAY (Antiyodaya Anna Yojana) – Dec 2000
Launched for 1 crore BPL families covered Under TPDS
(Target Public Distribution System). 35 kg of food grains
provided at Rs. 2 per kg for wheat and Rs. 3 per kg for rice.

29. 1) Pradhan MantriGram SadakYojana (PMGSY): 2000.
Link allvillagebypukkaroads
2. SGRY (Sampoorna Grameen RozgarYojana) – 25th Sep 2001
 Centre and State govt. Ratio – 75: 25
 JGSY + EAS = SGRY
 The Centre provides food grains to State at free of cost

30. MGNREGS -Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Programme
 NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) – 7th Sep 2005
 NREGS (National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) – 2nd Feb 2006
initially started in 200 districts.
 First started in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh by Dr. Manmohan
Singh
 1st April 2008- Whole country covered under NREGA
 Objective – To enhance the livelihood securities through the provision of 100
days of employment to a household in a financial year who is willing to
do unskilled manual labor work (Article 41)

31.  It provides a legal right for guaranteed employment to the rural population
through an act of Parliament
 Panchayat Raj Institutions have a principal role in planning and
implementation
 NREGA has been renamed as MGNREGA on 2nd Oct 2009
 National food for work program and Sampoorna Grameen rozgar
yojana are merged with MGNREGS.
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32. THANK YOU