3. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
CD refers to creation of social services, human development,
community education program and other welfare programs.
The term ‘CD’ used to describe a goal of bringing about social and
economic devt in areas which are underdeveloped.
CD can be considered as a goal and community organization as the
process or the method by which CD can be achieved.
CD produces self-reliant, self-sustaining and empowered communities.
CD also known as COMMUNITY BUILDING.
4. DEFINITION OF CD
“Community Devt is an attempt to bring about a social and economic
transformation of village life through the efforts of the people
themselves”
(Planning Commission of India)
“Community Devt is the process of assisting ordinary people to
improve their own communities by undertaking collective action”
(Twelvetrees, 1991)
5. BACKGROUND OF CD
The term CD was first officially used in 1948 at British Colonial Office Cambridge
Conference on Devt of American Initiative.
The then CDP aimed at helping British colonies in Africa prepare for independence by
improving local govt and developing their economies.
In India it was initiated on 2nd Oct, 1952 with the aim of promoting better living for the
whole community in rural areas.
The CDP was also a result of the conclusion drawn from the ‘Grow More Food’ enquiry
report
7. CHARACTERISTICS OF CD
Focuses on the whole community.
Emphasizes public participation as self-help.
Uses participatory democracy as a model for
decision making.
9. VALUES OF CD
All people have basic dignity
People have the right to help make decisions on issues that
impact their well-being
People have the right to strive to create the environment they
want
People have the right to reject an externally imposed
environment
10. PRINCIPLES OF CD
Self-help and Self-responsibility are required for successful devt.
Participation in public decision-making should be free and open to all citizens.
Trust is essential for effective working relationship.
Methods that produce accurate information about the community are vital to the
process.
Understanding and general agreement are the basis for community change.
All individuals have the right to be heard in open discussion, and the responsibility
to respect opposing viewpoints.
12. CD V/S CO
CD CO
1) Govt sponsored program 1) Govt sponsorship is not important
2) Aims to provide services to the people
mainly economic for improvement
2) Services are organized and planned by
the people themselves under the guidance
of organizer
3) Practiced mainly in underdeveloped or
developing communities for economic
devt
3) Develop cooperative and collaborative
attitude among people in the community
4) Workers are a govt functionary and
expert in removing economic
backwardness
4) Not necessarily a govt functionary, he is
skilled in community planning
14. EARLY EXPERIMENTS IN CD
Name of CDP
1. Sriniketan project
2. Gurgaon
3. Marthandam project
4. Firka devt project
5.Etawah Pilot project
6. Nilokheri project
Started by
Tagore
F L Brayne
Dr. Spencer Hatch
Madras Govt
Albert Mayor
S K Dey
Year
1914
1920
1921
1946
1948
1948
16. I. RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
The term ‘Rural development’ means all round devt of rural areas with
a view to betterment of lifestyle and standard of living in all spheres of
their life.
RCD aims at improving the welfare of rural people and their
livelihoods on a sustainable and equitable basis.
People’s participation is the Centre-piece in RCD.
17. PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM
o In 1957, the planning commission appointed a high-ranking study committee headed
by Balwant Rai Mehta, CM of Gujarat.
o This committee recommended Panchayati Raj System through which can be
implement RCD.
o The aim of every village being a republic and panchayats having powers has been
translated into reality with the introduction of Three Tier Panchayat Raj System to
enlist people’s participation in rural devt.
18. FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OF RCD
To teach farmers how to determine their own problems
To help them acquire knowledge about the problems
To motivate them to solve their problem
To help them build up social and economic infrastructure
To train rural unemployed youth
To empower farmers/ laboures to discourage migration to urban
20. 1. Confirm suspread
problem by
gathering more
information
2. Examine data
from step one
3. Set goals and
formulate actions
for improvement
4. Implement
actions for
improvement
5. Assess progress
and refine actors for
improvement
6. Monitor
improvements for
sustainability
21. METHODS INVOLVED IN RCD
PRA is the major and important method in RCD.
It is intended to enable local communities to conduct their own analysis and to plan
and take action.
The aim of PRA is to help strengthen the capacity of villagers to plan, make
decisions, take action towards improving their own situations.
PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) is often used interchangeably with PRA.
22. MAJOR RCDP
Year
1) 1948
2) 1963
3) 1966
4) 1971
5) 1974
6) 1989
7) 2000
8) 2009
9) 2009
10) 2011
Short Name
GMFC
ANP
FTEP
SFDA
TDB
JRY
PMGSY
NRHM
ICDS
NRLM
Program
Grow More Food Campaign
Applied Nutrition Program
Farmers Training & Education Program
Small Farmers Devt Agency
Tribal Devt Block
Jawahar Rojgar Yojana
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
National Rural Health Mission
Integrated Child Devt Scheme
National Rural Livelihood Mission
23. II. URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
Urban Community Devt in India drives its origin from the Rural
Community Devt Program which commenced on 2nd Oct. 1952.
It requires the urban citizen’s efforts like financial support and technical
assistance in areas like sanitation, public health, education and
recreation.
24. URBAN BODIES
There several types of urban bodies in India such as Municipality, Notified
Area Committee, Town Area Committee, Special Purpose Agency,
Township, Port Trust, Cantonment Board, etc.
Nagarpalika Act came into force on 1st June,1993.
The 74th amendment made the provisions relating to Urban Local Govts
(Nagarpalika).
Three-tier structure of Nagarpalika :- Municipal Corporations, Municipal
Council, and Nagar Panchayat.
25. MAJOR UCDP
Year
1) 2005
2) ------
3) ------
4) ------
5) ------
Short Name
JNNURM
UIDSSMT
SCM
HFA(U)
AMRUT
Program
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban
Renewal Mission
Urban Infrastructure Devt Scheme
for Small and Medium Towns
Smart Cities Mission
Housing for All (Urban)
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and
Urban Transformation
26. REFERENCES
Vivek Rampal, 2009, Social Work and Community Devt, Alfa Publications.
Mukesh Kumar Prajapati, 2013, Community Social Work, Vista Publications.
Linda Briskman, 2007, Social Work with Indigenous Communities,
Federation Publications.
Manohar Pawar, 2014, Social and Community Devt, Sage Publications.
