Service-Learning

Service-Learning
In Service–Learning and Academic Success: The Links to Retention Research, Dan Simonet puts forth the idea, that students more involved in their
learning benefit socially and academically. His writing uses a formal approach to inform educators about the ways that Service–Learning can improve
the academic success and retention of their students. Explaining one of the advantages for educators, Simonet suggests that service–learning can be a
tool to help create "positive relationships" with their students (1). Simonet uses climax to organize and present his evidence, providing various
examples of research throughout the article, to further the claim that service–learning increases student retention and bolsters their academic success.
Students
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Aural Learning Versus Visual Learning
The main goal for any teacher is to have their students learn as much as possible in the time that they are in the classroom. There are many possible
ways that students can learn, and in the public school, some teachers use most of the ways. Two of these ways of learning are visual learning and aural
learning. Many of the teachers in the school use these two types of learning and they seem to be very effective. Another way of helping kids learn is
to relax and not have a lot of tension in the classroom. Sometimes the teachers will talk about life problems with the students and what it is like after
high school and that is what kids need. It takes their minds off of everything happening around them in the room and makes them think, and also learn,
about what may happen after high school. Learning should be made fun and should have to incorporate visual and aural learning in it because it makes
kids understand things easier. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a very effective way of learning because the student gets the opportunity to actually visualize something that he or she might have trouble
comprehending. For example, if a teacher of a construction class talks about a circular saw but never shows it to the students, then the students might
have some trouble finding it, and using it, when the time comes. If the teacher had just shown them how it works instead of trying to explain it to
them, then the students would have been far better off and would have known how to use the tool from the start. It is such an effective way of learning
because the student not only gets an explanation of what something does, but he or she also gets to see what something

The Learning Approach For Learning
i.At one time or another, in an individuals' working life, they will be expected to learn about at least one aspect of operations the of the company in
which they are employed with. Burns (1995, p 99) 'conceives of learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour with behaviour including both
observable activity and internal processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions.' Learning is defined by the Oxford Dictionary as 'the acquisition of
knowledge or skills through study, experience or being taught.' Therefore, if we are to take into consideration these two viewpoints, we can deduce
that there is more than one approach to learning. The learning approach used will vary due to several factors which can include the size of the ... Show
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Despite the benefits which go along with coaching, it has proven to be quite time consuming as the coach sometimes fall behind on other mandatory
responsibilities. The issue of dependency sometimes may also arise as the new team member, depending on their personality may feel reluctant to
work independent of the coach. Therefore, for this reason organizations can choose to take into consideration the learning style of the new employee
as Honey, P & Mumford, A (1982) are of the view that there are four classes of learners; the activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist. (DEFINE
PRAGMATIST)
Paris, K., & Mason, S. (1995) states that 'job shadowing is a work experience option where students learn about a job by walking through the work
day as a shadow to a competent worker.' Shadowing, similarly to coaching most times utilizes a more senior employee who is competent in business
operations. Unlike coaching it is not as time consuming and it is the person who is being shadowed who completes tasks whilst the individual who
shadows most times merely observes. However, this form of learning approach may be more suitable for students or interns who are not expected to
produce or reproduce these job related tasks within the company as this type

Cooperative Learning And Cooperative Learning
I believe every learner is exceptional and gains knowledge in their own unique way. Well, one learner may learn best visually, another may learn best
kinesthetically and then another may learn best verbally. Therefore, you shouldn't restrict yourself to teaching in just one way either. It is imperative
that you approach a concept in various ways and give the learner several opportunities to explore the concept. I believe that the student should take
ownership in the learning process and the teacher should be a facilitator of knowledge in the classroom. Therefore, the teacher should assist the learner
to their highest potential and encourage them along the way and give them prompt feedback. Learners should collaborate together to build upon their
prior knowledge and share their ideas and hypothesizes on various concepts. I believe the learner should be evaluated on a competence based model.
A cognitivism theory that aligns with my belief statement is cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is where students work in small groups on a
common task or project while the teacher acts as a facilitator (Coffey, 2017). In my belief statement I stated, learners should collaborate together and
build upon their prior knowledge, this is the core of cooperative learning.
A behaviorist theory that would coincide with my beliefs in prompt feedback. Behaviorist believe in conditioning and rely completely on reinforcement
(Weibell, 2011). The experimenter or teacher directly controls

Teaching / Learning Strategies For Learning
When knowing different strategies for learning, the student feels confident to explore, and mistakes most likely are to be minimized and engagement
increased. Lessons and activities that enhance and support learning are teaching /learning strategies that when cooperatively done contributes to a
lifelong learning/knowledge. Students ' skills activities allow me to provide feedback that can be shared and/or discussed by the whole class increasing
learning. Opportunities lead to sharing that leads to learning. By literally teaching the vocabulary/material learned in the classroom I increased my
ELLs understanding on the subject being taught and gave to all my students the opportunity to grow into the new material.
Group activities help with gathering the knowledge to learn the content given. These strategies help students to be more explicit as well as instigate
participation. The students were using the knowledge acquired in the classroom in order to perform the football skills. Hands on activities (very
helpful when teaching ELLs and LEPs) is a fundamental tool, especially in Physical Education classes, to promote and enhance students learning. It
also engages ELL and LEP students into the activity easily because it is a very visual activity that clarifies, engages, and promotes learning.
When performing the skills in groups, students had the opportunity to assess their own knowledge of the material given. When throwing and catching a
football, they were able to perform the

Transformative Learning : Transformational Learning
Joseph Cardello
May 13, 2015
Learning paper Draft
Dr. Franklin Tuner
Kean University
Transformative learning overview
Thinking is something we all do on a regular basis. The process of using our minds to create ideas make all of our decisions or to remember our
earlier experiences. Our minds are complicated structures that we have yet to understand. One man has a theory of learning as an adult and his name is
Jack Mezirow. Mezirow was concerned in adulthood learning and began to interpret his theory of Transformative learning. There are two main
components of transformative learning. The first is critical reflection and the second is critical disclosure according to Mezirow his transformative
learning theory is based on previous learning experiences (Д°ZMД°RLД°, 2014). According Newman in 2014, Adult learning development is more
critical thinking and self–reflective. Adult learning education is the ground work for learner to realize these capabilities by developing their skills
insights and help them apply these skills. Mezirow believes teachers must help their students on their journey to learn these skills (Newman, 2014). The
teacher must be Intune to the emotions of their students during their learning and pick out there speed to achieve Mezirow learning theory Newman
states. The teachers must also trying to coerce their students into becoming a more of a critical thinker. The instructor must also help to discover these
skills, by helping achieve their

Service Learning : Teaching And Learning
Service Learning
Service Learning is defined as a teaching and learning method that allows students to integrate with the community. It is an idea to learn, experience
and improve oneself while interacting with other foreign students. Through this experience, we can acknowledge different perspectives, values and
diversities between two countries. For my service learning, I engaged in international events held at KCC, such as International Game Week and
International Fair. Through these experiences and obstacles that I encountered along the way, it impacted the way I associate with others, which
includes my behaviors, my manner, and my attitudes. I will also pass on the great virtues of Confucius.
This society consists of many people from different backgrounds and cultures. At certain activities, students are required to cooperate with one another.
My service learning project is to assist international students to know about other cultures. The International Game Week was held at the library. At this
event, my job was to organize a game and invite students to play. I had to learn how to play the game and be able to teach it to others. As an assistant,
when there is more than one student, I would let the students play while communicating with them. The purpose of this event was not about winning
prizes, but to enjoy the activities and make new friends from different cultures and backgrounds.
At the International Fair, my job was to organize a Chinese cultural table along with

Facilitation of Learning
ill look at how my role as a mentor can facilitate learning and promote effective assessment in practice and also explore my role to support the
students who are failing. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008a), defines "the role of a mentor as someone who facilitates learning,
supervises and assesses learners in practice setting." The mentor is a key support to students in practice, this is where students apply their knowledge,
learn key skills and achieve the required competence for registration. Mentors are accountable to the NMC for their decision that students are fit for
practice and that they have necessary knowledge, skills and competence to take on the role of registered nurse or midwife (NMC, 2008a). According to
Morton... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An additional part of the mentor's role is that of accountability. When any work is delegated to a student who is not yet registered with the NMC, the
mentor is accountable. They must ensure that the individual who undertakes the work is able to do so in a competent manner and make sure that they
are given appropriate support and supervision. Stuart (2007) states that the areas a mentor is accountable for are

Teaching, Learning, And Transformative Learning
"At the heart of adult learning is engaging in, reflecting upon, and making meaning of our experiences, whether these experiences are primarily
physical, emotional, cognitive, social, or spiritual. In much of our understanding of adult learning including the foundational work in andragogy,
self–directed learning, and transformative learning, an adult 's life experiences generate learning as well as act as resources for learning (Merriam &
Bierema, 2014)." When considering my beliefs about experience and the role it plays in our learning, I believe, much like Merriam and Berea do, that
experiences are at the heart of learning. I believe that each individual is the sum total of their life experiences and that each person learns from those
experiences, whether good or bad. To expand on this idea, Dewey said that "every experience lives on in further experiences." He went on to explain
that since these experiences live on in us, a person needs to select carefully what they will experience in the present knowing the future ramifications.
The need to select carefully is best explained by the term mis–educative experience, where an experience can leave a person so upset, angry, or bitter,
learning cannot occur from the experience (Dewey, 1961). "The resource of highest value in adult education is the learner's experience (Dewey,
1961)." I believe this statement by Dewey to completely true and of the utmost important for learners of any age. Experience is what drives a person to

Play Based Learning : A Context For Learning
Play–based learning has been defined as "a context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social world as they engage
actively with people, objects and representations" (DEEWR, 2009). Playing is one of the most important parts of a child's development phase. The
characteristics of play include active where children use their bodies and minds in their play, communicative where children will share knowledge of
their play with others, enjoyable where they will be able to have fun, meaningful as plays help them to build and extend their knowledge and sociable
and interactive as when playing they will need to interact with others. Playing also allows children to interact with adults and this exchange of ideas
between children and adults in play contexts influence children's continued motivation in the experience. As children develop, the skills, values and
knowledge they have gained from plays will provide the foundations for the next phase.
There are considerable benefits of play for children's learning across all areas of learning. Play is often associated with the development of intellectual
skills and understanding. In play experiences, children integrate emotions, thinking and motivation that boost effective brain functioning. Children
often use their imagination when playing and this enables them to develop complex cognitive or intellectual processes. The development of cognitive
skills, including dispositions for learning, memory and thinking

Learning : Articulating Your Learning
Articulating Your Learning: At the beginning of the semester, I had thought of mental health as a simple term that defined a person's well
–being.
However, after taking this course, I have been exposed to different perspectives on the term mental health by watching videos, hearing my classmates
own lived experiences, and learning about the DSM–5. The first new perspective that I have gained from this class is the logistics of someone's mental
health, in which a person's mental health would be diagnosed. Through the DSM–5, we as professionals can better understand a person's state of
mental health as we review the criteria for certain disorders. It also allows us to educate ourselves on the different disorders that may not be familiar. In
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I know that I'm the type of person who needs a direct answer in order to find a solution. But like the book of Anatomy of an Epidemic, that was just
one way in which someone viewed medicine for those with a mental illness. Throughout the entire book, Whitaker supports his claim of the
downfalls of using medication to battle mental illness. After reading the book, I was really convinced that it was true. However, other videos that
were shown in class showed different perspectives on how medication actually helped a person with a mental illness. I even found out that my mom
has depression, and feels like her medication has helped her out a lot. Overall, I think that this book and this course has taught me to not only keep an
open mind about the clients that I may have, but I also need to remember to keep an open mind about different ways in which help can be directed to
different people.
"It's not good to assume that you would do different or 'better'" None of us really knows what we would do" – As a social worker, I'm going to be
working with clients that may have dealt with a situation in a way that I wouldn't. However, my thoughts about how I would handle a situation is
irrelevant and in the past. This is one thing that I should remember as a social worker. If I tell a client how I would have handled the situation
differently or 'better', it would only further put shame on the client and may even make them feel like they're a failure. My job as a social worker is

Continuity In Learning
"Good–quality teaching depends on effectively planned lessons" (Ofsted, 2011). A high demand in preparation of lesson planning is therefore required
for an effective teaching and learning because there needs to be a development in continuity and progression in children's learning. The curriculum
should be structured in a way that it supports learning so that continuity takes place and that is something that is organised by the teacher (Wellington,
J. and Ireson G,2008). Continuity being a relationship between experiences, activities and ideas which a pupil will comes across over a period of time.
(Braund and Driver,2005) states that those relationships should be facilitated in the educational system and structured so that there is sufficient ... Show
When planning the sequence of lessons, it is important that pupils can link knowledge and use it in situations that are more complex so that they can
employ advanced thinking skills (Wellington, J. and Ireson G, 2008). Ofsted reports (June 2002) evaluated the effectiveness of transfer arrangements
for pupils' age 11. It mentions that there is an abiding weakness of the education system when it comes to continuity in the curriculum and progress in
learning as pupils shift to secondary school from primary schools. In that case, I will take sufficient account of what pupils had learnt in previous key
stages by looking at the National curriculum, so that I can give them clear advice on how to improve their work further, as well as familiarising
myself with the specification AQA examination board (Bassett et al,2013) . Research has been done which is in agreement that in the lack of
awareness of progress previous made, it caused pupils to resent, because teaching became repetitive (Braund, 2008). I agree because once pupils lose
interest, they will start behaviouring inappropriately and therefore make insufficient

Learning Organization
Learning Organization: Answer to Organizational Growth
Introduction
Organizations are established to fulfil various needs of the people. The organizational objectives could be achieved via the organization's
growth–oriented mechanism which is inevitable in today's competitive world. However, the most important factor which needs to be taken into
consideration towards achieving the objective is the people or staff members who directly have impact on the productivity of the product or services.
Negative behaviour such as absenteeism and high turnover rates will increase the production cost and adversely affect the productivity, thus affecting
the overall organisational growth.
Organizational Behaviour
Organizational behaviour is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, it's by feedback from their customers. This can be either in a form of messages written or electronically sent to the hospital'smanagement.
This is also the very reason, some organization have customer's satisfaction program, which the organization organize regularly.
The process of creating the conditions for a learning organization and of challenging long–held assumptions will itself begin to integrate the five
disciplines as presented by Peter Senge in his book " The Fifth Discipline".
1. Personal Mastery
Personal mastery, as defined by Peter Senge, is "the discipline of personal growth and learning."1 It is more than just competence and skills or
spiritual growth. It is about creating a desired future and moving toward it. People with high levels of personal mastery are skilled at creating a
personal vision and accurately assessing their current reality with respect to that vision. The gap between current reality and personal vision propels
them forward. This gap is often referred to as "creative tension." Personal mastery is about generating and sustaining creative tension and living
comfortably with that tension.
There are few characteristics of those individuals that recognized to have high level of Personal Mastery. Firstly, they have a special sense of purpose
or calling. They know how to accurately assess the current reality and quickly recognize inaccurate assumptions. These individuals also

Formal Learning And Informal Learning Essay
Learning is the process of gaining knowledge about various issues that affects our lives and wellbeing. The learning takes place each and every day
of our lives at any place and time. There are two ways in which learning takes place. There is the formal learning and informal learning. In most cases,
the formal learning is got from various learning institutions which indeed have set rules and regulations on how the running takes place. Various tests
are set to help in gauging whether the student is ready for the next learning sequence or not. Institutions therefore has a bigger influence on formal
learning and development of these students. On the account of the informal learning, this takes place within our social context. This form of learning
is based on the societal norms and beliefs of various communities across the world. The teaching of the culture and norms that any society holds dear
are indeed made possible through informal learning. Here, there is no need for a classroom which would mean that they can be done any place either
a house, under a tree or as people interact in the societal setting. This paper looks into the impacts that the societal and institution constraints have on
learning processes of various individuals. It gives much attention to the factual connotations of how these two sets of learning have impacted on the
growth and development of various students across the world. Notably, this research uses the connotations from two articles that dwells on

Observational Learning
Observational learning is when learning happens by observing other people's actions. Observational learning involves cognitive processes such as
attention, motor skills, motivation, and memory. For observational learning to take place the person who is observing the behavior needs to be paying
attention to it in order to learn it. Another important part of observational learning is being able to remember the behavior that you saw, so you can
repeat it. As well as being able to remember the behavior the person also needs to be able to perform the behavior for observational learning to occur.
Motivation plays a role in observational learning because you have to want to do the action for a reason. All these things are important in ... Show more
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The examples from my life are just a very small bit of the different ways observational learning can be used. There are four important parts to
observational learning, attention, memory, motor skills, and motivation. Without one of those important parts, observational learning is unlikely to be
successful. The most basic things people do, are learned through observational research. Observational learning is an important part of everyone's

Teaching, Learning, And Learning
The learning process is a highly complex one – no two children will learn in the exact same way. It is, therefore, important to understand how young
people learn in order to use effective teaching strategies in the classroom which, in turn, will result in effective learning (Hallam & Ireson, 1999).
There are a variety of different ways to learn and different theories underpinning it, this essay will consider three different learning approaches –
behaviourism, constructivism and social constructivism, the change in teaching style from a traditional, didactic manner to an active approach and
look at two different pedagogies – cooperative learning and outdoor learning, mainly fieldwork, that can be used to aid and support learning in
Geography. Following this, the essay will argue how effective pedagogy can aid the teaching of one key aspect within the Geography curriculum, in
this case Weather, and how this can be taught through the two pedagogies discussed in this essay.
Teaching and learning traditionally followed a behaviourist approach. This theory considers the learner to be tabula rosa (a blank slate), thus, people
learn through experience whereby a positive or negative experience will create a certain response or behaviour, therefore, learning from reward or
punishment. It is the change in behaviour that enhances learning. This theory places the learner in a passive role and the teacher decides on all aspects
of the lesson, subsequently, giving the learner little choice

Questions On Learning And Learning
Education goal is to help learner to apply the knowledge and skills learnt in a situation to facilitate achieve or solve other situation. For instance, in
abstract learning, students who have been taught how to solve the addition problems in Math should be able to apply that learning in multiplication
problems. The ability to apply previous learning in new situation defines as Transfer of learning. More general definition is "carrying over knowledge,
skills, understandings, attitudes, and habits of thinking from one learning situation to another" (Johri, 2005, p. 145).
The Transfer of Learning occurs in different situations; educational scientists classified the differences depending on the quality of transfer to; Positive,
occurs when learning in one situation improve learning in another situation. Negative, occurs when learning in one situation prohibited the learning in
another situation. Lateral, occurs when learning in one situation employed at the same level in new situation. Vertical, occurs when learning at one
level improve the learning at a higher level. Near, occur when previous learning is transferred to a situation similar to the previous one but not
identical. Far, occurs when skills and knowledge needed to achieve a situation is different from the previous one. Low, occurs spontaneously when
practice a learning in different situation. High, occurs when learning needs lots of critical thinking, abstracting ideas and connecting principles to be
applied. Many

Nature Of Learning: An Essay On The Nature Of Learning
Nature of Learning
Learning is primarily the process of acquiring skills, knowledge, values, attitudes etc. It enables the individual to learn good habits and brings
progressive modification in behaviour. From the above given definition, it is understandable that the process of learning has distinctive features. These
are as follows:
[i]–It is universal phenomenon: Learning is a process which is experienced by all the living creatures. Man brain is the most complex system which
enables him to learn and acquire new skills, habits and behaviour from the childhood.
[ii]– It occurs through experience: It is acquired through some personal or impersonal experiences. Life experiences help an individual to become
better human being as it provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Life is very complex and each day is different. It demands an individual to alter his behaviour according to the situation in order to tackle it. It is a
lifetime process which begins from birth and continues till death.
[iv]–It brings change in behaviour: It involves some modification or alteration in behaviour. The change in behaviour can be good or bad but usually
learning implies an improved behaviour.
[v]–It involves an adjustment: It enables man to adjust himself effectively to the new conditions. It helps children to modify, adapt, and develop their
unique nature and later on individuals can adjust his nature according to the situations.
[vi]– It brings relatively permanent change: It ensures that learned knowledge or skills acquired by an individual have a long lasting change in his
behaviour. Any change which temporarily occurs in an individual does not amount to learning.
[vii]–It is tool for growth and development: It is a process that brings growth and advancement in the human behaviour. It helps an individual to grow
professionally and personally.
[viii]– It is not directly observable: It is a phenomenon which is can be studied only through observable behaviour. It can be reflected only in the
behaviour and performance of an

Learning Theory : Transformational Learning
The author Mezirow (1991) describes Transformational Learning as "an attempt to redress an apparent oversight in adult learning theory that has
resulted from a failure to recognize the central roles played by an individual's acquired frame of reference, through which meaning is construed and all
learning takes place, and by the transformations of these habits of during the learning process" (p. 4). In correlation to leadership, based upon
experience and acquired knowledge, transformative learning is part a system of self–synchronicity. As a leader, a person should be guided by ethics,
values, and beliefs that undergird their work. In understanding, this establishes and facilitates effective operations in an integrity–filled manner for
everyone to understand.
First, in leadership, I believe it is necessary to adequately understand the components of the learned helplessness within us, that causes passion towards
a need. Through understanding our own process of unconsciousness and the experiences we participated in, transpires for a greater understanding of
the problem and its depths. This enables a better perception towards the problem, to be remediated. Leadership and transformative learning is an
objective that involves the culture, that may also be insulated against future help and remediation. "Other characteristics are also ascribed to attitudes,
the most common being their emotional tone. Attitudes are always accompanied by some positive or negative feeling, and

Learning ( Pbl ) And Work Based Learning
In our global economy, industry demands dynamic, adaptable and innovative workers to remain competitive. This presents a challenge to educational
institutions on two fronts. Firstly to keep pace with this requirement and secondly to equip their learners with the required skills and knowledge that
will enable them to either remain within this environment or to enter it.
Two approaches to learning that benefit individuals and meet this challenge are Problem based learning (PBL) and work based learning (WBL). Both
approaches are learner centred, motivating learners to become self– directed.
PBL originated in Canada in the late 1960's underpinned by constructivist view. Developed for medical students it became a widely used tool for
learning (EE and Tan 2009, Hmelo–Silver, 2004). In her paper Hmelo–Silver (2004) discusses the process of PBL, its methodology and the goals it can
achieve for both the learner and the facilitator. But a significant criticism of PBL relates to the context in which it is delivered. As PBL is within a
classroom environment it does not fully address other concepts required in adult learning situations such as political, social or historical influences
(Foley, 2004).
The early form of WBL is the apprenticeship. The apprenticeship, a word derived from the French verb "apprendre", meaning to learn, can be traced
back to ancient Egypt (Rorrison, 1988). This concept of teaching a craft has developed to meet the growing need for a highly skilled and

Supporting Learning Activities and Assessment for Learning
Assignment 4 – Supporting Learning Activities and Assessment for Learning
QUESTION 1
1a) Explain how a learning support practitioner may contribute to the planning, delivery and review of learning activities
Introduction
Helping in activities would be delivery, if you pass on ideas, observations or suggestions that would be contributing to planning.
Do you give feedback to your teacher about how the sessions went?
The teacher use s that information to inform their planning, so you contribute that way.
Whenever you talk to your teacher about what went well or what aspects of the children struggled with you, you are making a contribution because it
helps the teacher plan the next step, so without realising it you are contributing to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an informal discussion between myself and the class teacher we would determine our roles throughout the activities, what teaching styles will be
used to match the needs of the individual children or groups. Discussing the individual children and preparing to provide additional support ensuing all
needs are met, any barriers that may become apparent during the lesson can be overcome without fuss.
Having discussed the activities beforehand gives me the opportunity to explore the activity ensuring that I am confident in using the materials, to
familiarise myself with new equipment, making sure that it is age appropriate and that it can be adapted and made simpler for the pupils that may need
extra support and help.
Having discussed what activities we would be doing in the classroom it is then my responsibility to prepare the classroom ready for the lesson, this
would be done either before the children arrive or when the class teacher gathers the children on to the carpet area where she will discuss the activity
with them, what it involves and what is expected of them.
1c) Explain how social organisation and relationships may affect the learning process
Introduction

Within schools, children are put into groups in order to give them the best learning potential and for their learning to be appropriate for their age and
level of understanding. Some children can be easily distracted, so would work

Applying Learning Theories Of Learning
Applying Learning Theory to Life
PSY 331
Catherine Vivi
Ashford University
Instructor: Steven Peters
February 9, 2015
Applying Learning Theory to Life
Epistemology, or in other words, the theory of knowledge, is the study of knowledge, what it is, how we acquire it, and our justifiable beliefs that are
included in that study. Generally, the study of knowledge is done through a philosophical method. There are four basic theories oflearning; those are
behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism; this paper will address these four theories of learning, in addition, we will address
principles of learning, schema and scaffolding, adaption, metacognition, and strategies to ensure learning success.
The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson. Behaviorism theory is based on the idea that behaviors can be
measured, trained, and changed. In D. A. Lieberman's book Psychology of learning (2012, Ch. 2.3), he states, "Watson believed that psychologists
should be concerned with overt behavior rather than the hidden processes of the mind, and he argued for a greater concern with practical applications".
This this theory believes that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behaviorism attempts to measure through observation of behavior, using
the observations to control behavior through conditioning.
The term cognitivism refers to the school of psychology based on how the brain processes information and memory. Cognitivism

The Importance Of Learning In Supporting Teaching And...
A key factor through all the stages of PE is allowing pupils to progress through the steps whilst developing their skills in order to widen their
knowledge. This is why the role of the teacher is to 'consider activities in terms of difficulty and quality and to give children opportunities to plan and
evaluate their own performance' (Hopper et al, 2000, pg. 117). This illuminates the idea that throughout the key stages, the difficulties of the tasks
should be increased whilst allowing students to focus on the key points of the skill being learnt.
Throughout their education, but in particular in the foundation stage, 'children will progress at different rates' (Chedzoy,1996, pg. 47) due to them
being exposed to new skills and activities which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of which is competition as Griggs (2012, pg. 71) brings to our attention that 'games can provide excellent opportunities for pupils to work
cooperatively and competitively' emphasizing the importance of using games throughout the games curriculum, whether it be a full game or a simply
game like activity. By bringing the added element of competition to the lesson, allows for the children to strive to be better than the other team,
therefore enabling them to progress.
Another key factor is the self–esteem of the pupils as Mawer (1995, pg. 121) promotes the idea that as a teacher we can 'maintain a positive learning
environment through the development of pupils self–esteem'. Thus suggesting that if pupils have confidence within themselves then they will have a
better time of learning therefore aiding progression, due to the pupils believing that they can achieve great

The Four Learning Methods In Aid Of Learning
Learning Assets
In considerations for the various new techniques that have been added to the classroom in aid of learning, the four learning assets I have chosen to
infuse are the lecture, videos, discussion/blogs and a test/ quiz component. The vision is that the setup will improve operations and enhance learning.
The current LMS is supported by the technical department on staff. The video embedding will avoid trainees and students from having to hyperlink to
another page and working through expired links or browser issues.
The lectures will be recorded, so they will be able to be viewed off site. The lectures for the most part will be synchronous, with breaks for note taking
and a question and answer period. The dialog will not be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is for the lecture to be a synchronous event. Happening at the various sites at a set time. The other components would be asynchronous.
Giving individuals to go over the material in a more remote setting that may work better for them, yet still giving them access to the instructor if they
are unclear about any part of the material. Nian–shing (2006) explains that synchronous learning environments, "provide savings in terms of time and
cost, in many situations they can also outperform both asynchronous online instruction and traditional faceвЂђtoвЂђface". The hope is that the
flexibility and options would prove helpful for the learners. Just like the video and discussion, the test portion being asynchronous would allow for the
learners to operate under their best elements and results would be best then rather forcing all learners to operate under the same mechanism.
Goals
By the end of the training sessions members of His and Her should be able to:
1)List vision and mission of the company.
2)Create concise and effective lesson plans.
3)Pass all modules on compliance & requirements for students with disabilities classrooms.
4)Be familiar with workplace behavior and guidelines
5)Display a firm understanding of First Aid and Safety measures.
A simple blog or discussion would suffice for our first two curriculum objectives. The individuals would just need to show their comprehension of these,
not

Learning Theories
Instructional Setting The teacher is teaching in a small country public school in Crane, Missouri. The class sizes are small, and there are
approximately 45 students in each grade. Crane is a Pre–K–12 school, and all grades are on the same campus. The teacher teaches first grade with
approximately 17 students in my class. The classroom that this student was in has the student sitting in small groups with centers all around the
classroom. Some of the centers are word art, writing using the word wall, there is a reading center and a math center. The classroom has visual aids
such as the word wall and picture cues to help the students with their writing. The student is eight years old. The student has already been retained...
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Another reason this is beneficial is the teacher is able to reflect on the lesson, and the teacher will become a better teacher form the reflection. They
concentrate on immediate observable behaviors (Robler, 2003). When students demonstrate the desired situations the behaviorist reinforces the students
(Robler, 2003). The Constructivist learning theory focuses on learning through experiences and hands on activities. Constructivists believe that students
learn better by students learning the material themselves rather than learning the material from a teacher (Ertmer, & Newby, 1993). Through personal
experiences, when the teacher provides hands on activity the students have a better understanding of the material being learned. An example of this is
if a teacher was teaching students about how much salt is left in the water from the sand run off the teacher would have the students put sand and salt
on a cookie sheet. Then the students would pour water on the sheet as the cookie sheet is on a 45–degree angle. The teacher would then place the
runoff on a bunsen burner. The teacher will give the students resources help them while they are setting their goals (Ertmer, & Newby, 1993). The
students in a constructivist classroom work in cooperative or collaborative learning groups (Ertmer, & Newby, 1993). The students are assessed through
authentic

Kinesthetic Learning
A diverse amount of studies have been conducted in finding the best ways for a child to learn such as learning from peers, or scaffolding techniques.
The numerous ways a child can learn offers that children have different preferences when it comes to what method of instruction is most adequate for
them (Pashler, 2008). Pashler (2008) suggests that some children are simply visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learners, which infers that the use of senses
plays a major role in the way a child learns. Stein and Steele (1976) suggest that some children are reflective or impulsive learners, which distinguishes
the difference between thinking and not thinking before making an action. Biggs suggest that some children are surface, or deep learners, which... Show
A child that learns best using visuals operates under the meshing hypothesis. This means that whenever a visual learner is presented with new
information, it intertwines with his or her own natural habits or tendencies (Pashler, 2008). There is a possibility that visual learners can also correlate
best with verbal learning and that verbal learners can correlate best with visual learners without the meshing hypothesis (Pashler, 2008). Auditory
learners must have information read to them or voiced to them in order for them to learn new material. For example, a student that can sit in class
without taking notes and only listens could store up to 75 percent the new material (Pashler, 2008). A kinesthetic learner learns by using their hands and
physically working with ideas. A kinesthetic learner will have major problems just sitting at a desks listening to lectures or watching videos (Pashler,
2008). Kinesthetic learner learns while being interactive, so a teacher would have to implement hands on activities within their lessons (Pashler,

Learning Changes Students ' Learning Essay
Collective learning changes students' learning style to a more effective way. With the combination of technology and in–class group activities,
collective learning as an educational method becomes more fun and acceptable. Duke University brought the iPod as an academic device and use for
the educational experiment to all first–year students. The iPod inverts the traditional role of music player into a useful study tool. Students can not only
listen to music, but also use the iPod as an academic device to share knowledge and communicate with others. People from outside Duke University
can also have the access to these shared documents, which makes everyone have the same opportunity to learn. In Project Classroom Makeover, the
author Cathy Davidson introduces the use of the iPod for an educational experiment for collective learning, which brings out the idea of
crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing is a group of students will share their ideas and solve the problem together, which is one way of collective learning. At
Duke University, the introduce and widespread of collective learning have enhanced the education into a higher level; whereas, collective learning has
played both positive roles and negative roles in education. Positively, collective learning makes students regain the interest of studying and improving
students' social skills, which would increase the likelihood of students to success in the future; however, negatively, students might over–relying on
other students'

Traditional Learning: The Benefits Of Online Learning
The demand of learning is growing larger and larger because of the development of the economic. With the enlarging needs of learning, online learning
appears to give not only students but also teachers a chance to perform better in learning. Online learning provides more free time and space to both
two parties while traditional learning strictly demands both parties participate in the same time and at the same place. What's more, online learning may
enhance the students' comprehensive ability, especially in critical thinking which is a very essential capacity to success but the traditional learning
cannot build. Finally, online learning can build more confidence for students and will make it easier to get promoted in the following lives. In ... Show
Online learning is available not only on computers but also on many kinds of mobile electronic products. Students can search for the course through
their mobile phone and learn it whenever they want to. Traditional learning takes both teachers and students a large amount of time to stay together to
just deliver some basic theories. In other words, students can place more time to comprehend the theories or they can get other relevant course to
comprehend the knowledge more comprehensive. Last but not least, online learning students can also get through the content over and over again as
they missed during the lecture. (Hassan) Traditional learning are based on professors' lectures, students have to catch up with the professor otherwise
they may miss the knowledge because they even do not know which part of knowledge they have missed so their professor can't answer their
questions. But online learning are records of the professors' lecture, students can pause and review to where they have missed the knowledge and they
can easily build up their knowledge structures. So online learning may be better than traditional

Learning Reflection
What is learning? Learning can be many things and it is not the same for everyone. Everyone sees learning in their own way. To me learning is
always powerful. It is being able to adopt new knowledge or new skills. But learning is more then just gaining new skills, learning is also about
modifying the skills you have already and reinforcing what you already know. My views on learning have changed since I started this class, before I
thought that learning was only making new skills or adding to skills you already have but no now my view on learning is much more then that.
Now I know that it is possible to learn in different ways. I also know that everyone learns in their own way and that everyone has a unique learning
pattern. I am a Dynamic Learner. What this means is that I require intentional effort to switch from one learning pattern to another. I use my
Technical Reasoning most my score in this was 28. I use Technical Reasoning everyday when I am bored I like to take things apart just to see how they
work. I like using this pattern the most it is the best way for me to learn is hands on. I also use Sequence a lot when I am doing woodwork this is due
to keeping things in order. My sequence score is 21 and I like using sequence along with technical reasoning to keep my work in order and neat. My
Precise score was 22 and I do not use it as much as I should. I do know in up coming classes I will be trying to use this more and ask more questions so
I know what I am doing

Customized Learning Theory And Learning Theories
Customized Learning Theory Paper: Final
Charyse Williams
Liberty University Introduction Over the 8 weeks in this class, I was able to learn in full detail unique techniques about the different learning theories.
Since every individual learns differently, it is important to gain a understanding on all the different types oflearning styles and struggles so that the
learning environment can run as smoothly as possible and better insure academic success. During this final paper, there will be a number of topics
discussed. These topics will cover how I personally found a better understanding of my customized learning theory. First, I will go over the Learning
Theory and its' importance. Secondly, I will give a description of an effective teacher and learning environment. Next, I will discuss the different
learning characteristics. Finally, I then will give my personal reflection on all the different things I was able to learn during this course. All of these
four sections helped build a better understanding on how to be a more effective educator. Most importantly, I gained a better understanding how to
build better rapport with students who have all different learning styles and ways of thinking. While managing a classroom, it is highly important to
make lessons that will be appealing to the students that you are teaching interest. This will increase engagement and academic learning. As research in
the classroom and education and in general is continuously conducted,

Personal Learning Environment And Learning Environments
The Challenge I chose was Advancing Personal Learning. Personal Learning is the tailoring of curriculum and learning environments by learners or
for learners in order to meet their different learning needs and aspirations. Before I go into the details of why I chose this topic, it is important to know
what Personal Learning Environments, a current form of Personal Learning, actually are. A Personal Learning Environment (PLE) are systems that
help learners take control of and manage their own learning(Wikipedia). These systems are centered on the user, and are tailored to each individual to
allow them to set their own learning goals, manage the process of taking in content, and to help them learn to communicate with others. Since these
PLEs are user–specific, it is significantly harder to carry out on a large scale, but after they are able to be implemented, it is a lot easier to coordinate
and manage from a supervisor or teacher perspective. There are already examples of more broad forms of PLEs, such as iGoogle, Edline, and Moodle.
These examples are more general and will work for most people because what each person does with the access to material and content is up to them.
However, I believe that personal learning can be advanced to greater heights than that.
I chose the topic Advancing Personal Learning because I think learning is by far one of the most important things in life. Societies rely on each
individual's contributions to the community, and if everyone has

Learner And Learning At An Autism Learning Center
Learner and Learning: The learner and learning standard was addressed by doing a case study on a student in our field placement classroom and also
by covering the importance of collaborating with families. During this course, I worked at an autism learning center. Some of the students are
non–verbal, so 95% of the lessons have to be tweaked in some way for these students. We (the teachers) also spend a little more time working with
their parents to get a better understanding of how these children communicate. For example, one student will start pacing when he needs to have a
bowel movement. Because he is not potty trained and on a special diet, it's best to just let him pace. He will stop pacing when he is done. This is
something that is great to know in order to prevent aggressive behavior (if we try to make him work during this time) and also to prevent messes
(changing him before he is done). We have also learned from his mom that he has started approximating some number sounds and humming what
sounds like the "ABC" song at home. This tells us he is "present" and retaining some of what we are working on in class. We have not seen these
behaviors, so working with mom has been a great encouragement to us.
For this standard, I would place myself at the acceptable level. This was my first term in a classroom, so I am still new to this. I have a lot more to
learn, but I am learning and growing and will continue to do so. My goal for developing greater proficiency is to spend

Learning Strategies For Vocabulary Learning
Unfamiliarity with Other Existing Strategies for Vocabulary Learning
At the end of the interviews, I asked the participants if they knew of other kinds of strategies apart from the ones they had already mentioned, and
whether they were familiar with all 42 items of vocabulary learning strategies presented in the questionnaire they had completed (in the quantitative
phase of the mixed methods research design). Some of the participants' perspectives on this are reflected in the following excerpts. Aziza, for example,
stated:
[Excerpt 32] I use only these strategies because I like them. Most of the strategies in the questionnaire lists are new for me, and I have never used them
before.
When I asked Aisha, she admitted:
[Excerpt 33] Honestly speaking, I do not know most of those strategies. I have not seen them before. Therefore, I only use these strategies because they
are very common and widely used among the students. At the high school, teachers taught us how to use a dictionary...[That] was the method that they
showed us.
In another interview, Ali acknowledged:
[Excerpt 34] Honestly, I do not know other kinds of vocabulary strategies, and this is why I am only using the ones that I am familiar with. The
teaching experience of the Libyan teachers at the high school was very limited. They did not teach us other strategies. They often used translation more
than other kinds of strategies, but when I started studying at the university, my English skills improved because we

Learning Styles: Visual And Kiesthetic Learning
From the reading of week 8 Lecture 1 "Learning Styles", I agree with the second sentence in the last paragraph, where it says that people can be a
combination of more than one learning style. I feel that I learn from both a visual and kinesthetic learning. First, I like illustrations that incorporate
the use of pictures and diagrams, it helps to stimulate my mind and aids in understand of what is going on. Frequently write things down that I feel
is important and want to remember later, as well as see demonstrations of how things are done to understand them better. When I am doing my course
work I have to go to my office at home facing the opposite direction of the window, as the window in the room is a huge distraction for me. Often I use

Learning Process For Teaching And Learning
L2
FL
Environment
Natural setting
L1 and L2
High level
L2 outside of classroom
Unnatural setting
L2 only
Low level
L1 and L2 outside of classroom
Culture
From the class, social media, communication with local people
From the teacher and the environment
From the class, social media
From the teacher
Process for leaning L2 or FL The goal of each learner, time forlearning(how much time they take for leaning), and the learning process( how they are
taught and the progress of learning) are different in L2 and FL learning each other.
L2
FL
Goal
1) Get a better job
2) Continue my university studies
3) Travel abroad

4) Acquire new ideas and open up new horizons
5) Become adapted to new times
6) Carry out advanced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Degree of motivation in the classroom and performance
5 = very high 4 = high 3 = indifferent 2 = low 1 = very low
–interest, attention, effort, persistence, dedication, pleases
Types of motivation
–classroom, results, performance, grade, punishment, influence from others
Source of motivation
–materials, desire class, situation exercises, the quality, the way
Motivation potential of the L2/FL as a subject
– mathematics, foreign language, history, sciences, arts, music, physical Education, literature physics, geography, computing, religion, chemistry
Motivating effect of teaching learning situations
Indicate to what extent the following happens to you:
5 = always 4 = frequently 3 = sometimes 2 = little 1 = never
–teacher encouragement, reward, praise, easiness and challenges of the class, corporative works, self evaluation, teacher speaks L2/FL, visual aid
Frequency of external motivational factors in the classroom Indicate the frequency with which the following occur. Use: 5 = always 4 =

Learning Styles And The Learning
According to the researchers, the experiential learning is the best way to teach the students. They said that the knowledge process is made with the help
of transformation and the series of experiences (Peter, 2010). Later on, the researchers showed that the learning styles is the collection of the
characteristics, the ways of gathering information, organizing information and thinking about the information.
It is an examined fact that the people's learning style includes all the things they know, acts they do, facts they believe in and the way they perceive
information (Hayward Andres, 2015). The studies show that all the types of people have their own learning styles and their types of getting information
is also different from each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, some learning styles and techniques help the students to target on the weak areas in which they need recovery and improvements.
The cycle of learning helps the student nurse to adopt new skills and get information about the latest products and the information. The learning process
contains 4 important steps. These steps are the identifications of the needs, the requirements of learning, the design of the learning, delivery of the
learning courses and programs and the learning evaluation.
First of all, the identification of the needs for the learning process is very important for the student nurses. Why do they need to study? What is their
main aim to get education? What is the purpose of the study and many other important questions are considered under this point. On the basis of the
need identification, the further process continuous.
The next point is the consideration of the learning requirements. These requirements should include all the important things that are required things that
are used in the learning process (Velma Lee, 2011). For an example, the student nurse should use the audio and visual aid to get the information.
Nowadays, with the advancement of the technology, people also refer different applications to the student nurses to get information. All these are the
requirements of learning process for the student nurses.
Generally the design of learning is decided by the teachers

The Importance Of Cooperative Learning And Learning
Introduction Great facilitators' implement effective learning by introducing and perfecting different instructional lessons to meet the emotional, social,
and academic needs of all their students. Research into teaching practices allows educators to customize learning for every one of their students.
Today's classrooms, students work both independently and in groups to demonstrate what they have learned. Learners now have choices over how they
summarize their understanding of the lesson material. The teacher paces the lesson based on the students understanding and needs, providing
appropriate learning experiences for different learners providing a path to reach all learners in the most effective way. This paper will explore
'Cooperative Learning', 'Learning by Teaching', and 'Flipped Classroom' as just a few of the numerous ways educators can explore new and effective
forms of disseminating educational material and instruction. Teaching Practices http://www.co–operation.org/what–is–cooperative–learning
/ Cooperative Learning. Cooperative Learning. Cooperative learning is a teaching method in which small groups with different levels of ability, use a
variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each team member is responsible for learning the material, but also helping
other teammates learn. How Does it Work? Cooperative learning is working together to accomplish shared objectives. Individual outcomes benefit
themselves and

Theories Of Learning
This essay will endeavour to identify the main theories and principles of learning and communication. Examining how to plan and apply them in the
classroom to enable inclusive learning and evaluating one's own strengths in relation to the application of the principles and theories of learning and
communication to identify any personal development needs.
What is learning? Reece, Walker (1999) state learning is about change, whether it is purposeful or accidental it means understanding something new or
developing a new skill, maintaining learning is a relatively permanent change. Many would argue the primary purpose of the teacher is to ensure
learning occurs. It therefore seems important that teachers have an understanding how the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Palardy (1991) suggests behaviour modification techniques ignore the causes of behaviour. Minton (2005) argues behaviourism fails to take into
consideration motivation and attitudinal change, arguing it is largely robotic if students are not taught to think for themselves as they will not know
how to apply the knowledge outside their field of tuition.
The later Neo behaviourism theorists, extended the stimulus and response theory and gave extrinsic outside motivators a key role and focused on
voluntary rather the involuntary behaviour. Skinner (1968) used the famous rat in a box experiments to identify that learning is accelerated by
reinforcement. He found that the most important stimulus is not an antecedent (that that follows a response) but a consequence (that that triggers it).
Consequences are most likely to influence future behaviour. Learning is how voluntary behaviour is strengthen or weakened by antecedents and
consequences therefore learners are conditioned by a process known as operant conditioning. Skinner (1968) believed a teacher can shape learner
behaviour to get the outcome they desire. Tolman (1949) believed we can understand behaviour by examining an entire sequence of varied activities.
He believed learning fits into a pattern and reinforcement is not necessary for learning to take place, arguing particular behaviour leads to particular
consequences therefore teachers must consider what leads to what?

Learning Behind Learning
Learning behind the learning, or soft skills, is something that I feel I am in a continual quest to improve upon. These are the things that a teacher does
to pull students into conversations, into the community, into the learning. There are so many soft skills needed in order to create a learning
environment where students feel safe, valued and comfortable enough to take risks that it often feels overwhelming as a teacher. Add to that the fact
that each group of students is different and every individual's needs are their own, and you have a pretty heady task ahead of you!
I have found that I have to take it slow. In my masters studies I had the fortunate opportunity to learn one piece of pedagogy at a time. This made it
possible to enact and tweak that piece for a semester. This provided me time to become comfortable enough with the practice to make it my own and it
allowed my students the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My students have spent so many of their learning years being told what to think, how to solve a problem, and procedures to do so, that I have to be
comfortable in the silence sometimes. I have to practice my own cardinal rule of wait time which means I may be counting in my head at times
waiting for them to think and participate! I have noticed that my sixth grade students attack noticing and wondering without abandon. They jump right
into the talk moves and are eager to share their thinking. This leaves me wondering if it is because they are younger and less impacted by peer
pressure and adolescent hormones than my seventh and eighth grade students. I am thankful that they will be mine for two more years and I will be
able to continue to challenge them to think, notice and wonder! These skills go so much farther beyond my classroom walls, and if they can learn to
approach life thinking, noticing and wondering, then there is no obstacle that will stand in their way for

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