The document describes the process of DNA replication. It shows how helicase unzips the DNA double helix by separating the nitrogen bases. Binding proteins attach to the phosphates to prevent kinking. DNA polymerase III examines the leading strand and synthesizes it in the 5' to 3' direction, while finding and replacing the nitrogen bases. DNA primase adds an RNA primer. The nitrogen bases on the lagging strand connect to each other. DNA polymerase I changes the RNA primers to DNA. DNA ligase creates phosphodiester bonds between the DNA strands.

1. 5’
3’
This image to the left is
showing a double helix DNA.
The four bases are pairing
together which Cytosine and
Guanine, and Thymine and
Adenine.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
Nucleotide
: Sugar
: Phosphate
phosphate
sugar
Nitrogen
base
3’
5’

2. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

3. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

4. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

5. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

6. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

7. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

8. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

9. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

10. 5’
3’
The helicase is unzipping the
DNA by pulling apart the bases
that are connected up the
DNA.
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’

11. 5’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
Binding proteins are the blue
circles attached to the
phosphates that grab the DNA to
keep it from kinking.
3’
5’

12. 3’
5’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
3’
3’
: DNA Helicase
Next, DNA Polymerase III is the
red square that examines the
Leading Strand 3’-5’ and
synthesizes in 5’-’3. Also, it finds
the nitrogen bases and puts them
5’ back in place.

13. 3’
5’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
3’
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
Next, DNA Polymerase III is the
red square that examines the
Leading Strand 3’-5’ and
synthesizes in 5’-’3. Also, it finds
the nitrogen bases and puts them
5’ back in place.

14. 5’
3’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
3’
5’
Next, DNA Polymerase III is the
red square that examines the
Leading Strand 3’-5’ and
synthesizes in 5’-’3. Also, it finds
the nitrogen bases and puts them
5’ back in place.

15. 5’
3’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
The next step is the DNA
Primase adds a RNA primer
which is the purple oval.
3’
5’
5’

16. 5’
3’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
The next step is the DNA
Primase adds a RNA primer
which is the purple oval.
3’
5’
5’

17. 5’
3’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
The next step is the DNA
Primase adds a RNA primer
which is the purple oval.
3’
5’
5’

18. 5’
3’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
The Nitrogen Bases under the
Lagging Strand connects to the
other Lagging Strand.
3’
5’
5’

19. 5’
3’
5’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
Matching Bases connect to the
other bases above the RNA
Primer.
3’
5’
5’

20. 5’
3’
5’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
DNA Polymerase I changes the
RNA Primers to DNA
3’
5’
5’

21. 5’
3’
5’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
Next the DNA ligase makes
Phosphodiester bonds which
are the little lines around the
DNA.
3’
5’
5’

22. 5’
3’
5’
3’
Key
: Cytosine
: Guanine
: Thymine
: Adenine
: Sugar
: Phosphate
: DNA Helicase
The Nitrogen bases on the
lagging strand are called
Okazaki Fragments.
3’
5’
5’

23. DNA Replication occurs so that the new cells that are made will be
able to do the same task as the other cells. One example is if you
create a cell to digest food then the DNA will help make that
process happen.

24. Genetic mutations can occur when nitrogen bases are paired with
the opposite base. Genetic mutations can cause cancer and other
uncommon type have the ability to kill you.