Primary metabolites: General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites: (d) Proteins and Enzymes :Gelatin,

1. PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN
Academica In-Charge, HOD,
PritamJuvatkar
Mobile :
Email : pritamjuvatkar@gmail.Com
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Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistr
Konkan Gyanpeeth Rahul Dharkar College of
Pharmacy and Research Institute, karjat

2. PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN
• Content
• Synonym
• Biological source
• Family
• Preparation
• Macroscopic characters
• Chemical constituents
• Uses
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3. Synonym: Gelatina, Gel foam, puragel.
Biological source:
• Gelatin is a protein extracted by partial hydrolysis of animal collagenous tissue like skins, tendons, ligaments and
bones with in boiling water
Bloom strength: The quality of gelatin is expressed as 'bloom strength.
• It is the weight in gramme, which when applied to a plunger, 11.7 mm in diameter, under controlled conditions
shall produce a depression exactly 4 mm deep in a jelly matured at 10°C and containing 6.66 per cent w/w
gelatin in water.
• The jelly strength of not less than 150 blooms is recommended by British Pharmacopoeia for pharmaceutical
uses such as coating of pills, as vehicle for suppositories and as an emulsifying agent.
• But gelatin for capsule manufacture and microbial culture media, higher jelly strengths are used.
• The jelly strength is designated by bloom gelometer number.
PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN

4. Macroscopical characters:
• Colour: Faintly yellow to amber colour
• Shape: Flake, sheets, shreds or a coarse or fine powder
• Odour: Characteristic
• Solubility and Stability: Insoluble in cold water, but soluble in hot water.
• In cold water, it swells, softens and absorbs about 5- 10 times its weight of water.
• With hot water, it forms a jelly on cooling.
• It is soluble in a mixture of glycerine and water, but insoluble in fixed and volatile oils, alcohol chloroform and ether.
• In dried condition, gelatin remains stable in air, but when moist may be degraded due to microbial attack
PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN

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For the manufacture of gelatin, the bones are to be defatted and decalcified with organic solvent and mineral acid respectively.
The material obtained by this treatment is treated with water at 85°C in
successive quantities, due to which collagen dissolves into gelatin.
It is further bleached and concentrated under reduced pressure to specific
gelatin content and allowed to set in shallow trays.
Such molded gelatin is dried in drying room to eliminate moisture.
PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN
Preparation of Gelatin

6. Chemical constituents:
• As protein chemically, it contains different amino acids out of which major is
• lysine essential amino acid, but does not contain tryptophan
• Gelatin is composed of gluten protein.
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PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN

7. Uses
• Gelatin is mainly used in manufacture of hard and flexible capsule shells.
• It is also used to preparing pessaries, pastes, pastiles and suppositories.
• Gelatin in the form of absorbable gelatin sponge is used as haemostatic.
• Sometimes, it is also recommended for treatment of brittle finger nails and non-mycotic defects of the nails.
• Gelatin is employed for microencapsulation of drugs perfumes, flavours and some industrial materials.
• It is used as a vehicle for certain injections, like heparin in the form of Pitkin's menstrum which contains gelatin, dextrose, acetic
acid and water.
• Gelatin is also used in preparation of bacteriological culture media, absorbable gelatin sponge and gelatin film.
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PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN

8. Absorbable Gelatin Sponge
• Sterile, white, tough and finely porous spongy material, which is absorbable and water insoluble.
• For the preparation of this material, the warm solution of gelatin is whisked to foam of uniform porosity and then it
is dried, cut into pieces of specific size and finally, sterilized at 150°C for one hour
• Though it is insoluble in water, it is absorbed in body fluids.
• It takes up not less than 30 times is weight of water.
• About 9 gm of absorbable gelatin sponge takes upto 45 times its weight of well agitated oxalate whole blood.
• It is used as a haemostatic.
• It is moistened with sterile sodium chloride solution and pot within in a surgical incision where it gets absorbed in
4-6 weeks
• It is also used as a local coagulant and haemostatic.
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PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN

9. Absorbable Gelatin Film
• It is sterile, light amber, pliable, non antigenic gelatin film obtained from a specially prepared gelatin formaldehyde
solution by drying followed by sterilization.
Description
It is a transparent film which becomes rubbery on moistening, but it is insoluble in water tis used in the form of saline
soaked sheets in surgical repair of defects in membranes like pleura and dura mater, where it serves as mechanical
protective replacement matrix and temporary supportive structure.
Non-Absorbable Surgical Suture
• It is sterile or non-sterile strand of material that is suitably resistant to action of living mammalian tissue.
• It may be modified to reduce capillarity, suitably bleached and also colored with approved coloring agents.
• It is also coated with an antimicrobial agent.
• The various materials used in preparation of non-absorbable surgical suture are silk, synthetic fibres of
monofilament twisted or braided construction, cotton or linen fibres, coated natural or synthetic fibres, and
monofilament or multifilament metal wire
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PHARMACOGNOSY OF GELATIN