UNIT V - Study of biological source, chemical nature and uses of drugs of natural origin containing following drugs 08 (a) Plant Products: Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens 3 (b) Primary metabolites: General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites: (c) Carbohydrates: Honey

1. PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PRITAM VIJAY JUVATKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KONKAN GYANPEETH RAHUL DHARKAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARJAT
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar

2. PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey
 Content
◦ Synonym
◦ Biological source
◦ Family
◦ Macroscopic characters
◦ Chemical constituents
◦ Uses
◦ Substitute
◦ Chemical test
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar

3. Synonym: Madhu, Honey Purified, Mel
Biological source:
Honey is a sugar secretion deposited in honey comb by the
bees, Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata,
Family: Apidae
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey

4. 9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey
The nectar of the flowers is a watery solution containing 25% sucrose and 75% water
The worker bee sucks this nectar through its hollow tube of mouth (proboscis) and deposits in honey-sac Located in abdomen.
Enzyme present in saliva of the of the bee converts nectar into invert sugar which is to be deposited into honey comb
Honey comb is smoked to remove the bees and honey is obtained by applying the pressure to it or allowing it to drain naturally.
The honey of commerce is heated to 80°C and allowed to stand. The impurities which float
over the surface are skimmed off and liquid diluted with water to produce honey of 1.35 density.
Honey is extracted from the comb by centrifugation.
Honey is required to be filtered through.wet cloth or funnel.

5. Macroscopical characters:
 Colour: Pale yellow to yellowish-brown.
 Odour: Characteristic, pleasant
 Taste: Sweet and faintly acid
 Extra features: It is syrupy thick liquid, translucent when fresh and
on keeping it becomes opaque and granular due to the crystallisation
of glucose.
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey

6. Chemical constituents:
 Glucose 35% (± 3%), fructose 45% (± 5%) and sucrose (2%.)
 Maltose,
 Gum,
 Traces of Succinic Acid,
 Acetic Acid,
 Dextrin,
 Formic Acid,
 Enzymes (invertase, diastase, inulase)
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey

7. Uses
 Demulcent and sweetening agent
 Good nutrient to infants and patients.
 Antiseptic and applied to burns and wounds.
 It is a common ingredient of several cough mixture, cough drops
and vehicle for ayurvedic formulations.
 It is used in preparation of creams, lotions, soft drinks and candies.
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey

8. Chemical test:
 Artificial invert sugar, an adulterant of honey contains furfural which
is detected by Fiehe's test.
 It gives instant red colour with resorcinol in hydrochloric acid.
Storage:
 A product which contains crystallised dextrose is called as Granulated
honey. Heating of honey serves the purpose of minimising the
granulation.
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar
PHARMACOGNOSY OF Honey

9. Thank You
PRESENTED BY:
MR. PRITAM VIJAY JUVATKAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KONKAN GYANPEETH RAHUL DHARKAR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KARJAT
9987779536
Pritam Vijay juvatkar