Presentation held at the CELSTEC Mobile Media Retreat on 28 November 2011 in Heerlen

1. Awareness
Feedback
Self-regulation
An integrating review of Butler & Winne (1995) and Endsley (2000)
Christian Glahn

2. Designing Technologies for
supporting Workplace Learning
requires a
Generic Model of Learning

3. We have worked on a model on
integrating
technologies and
learning processes
for a long time

4. Feedback
and
Reflection
are essential

5. Usually I present this simplified
Feedback Loop
Actor
Monitoring /
Behaviour Assessment
System
Experience
Knowledge
Judgement / Response
Reflection

6. It integrates
Models for designing
Technologies for learning
Actor
Monitoring /
Behaviour Assessment
System
Experience
Knowledge
Judgement / Response
Reflection

7. The models are
more complex than
displayed in my diagram

8. Usually I talk about the
technology side of the model …

9. This presentation is about
Reviewing the cognitive models

10. Butler, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (1995). Feedback And Self-Regulated
Learning: A Theoretical Synthesis. Review of Educational
Research, 65(3), 254-281.
SELF-REGULATED LEARNING

11. Feedback and Self-regulated Learning
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

12. Concepts of Self-regulation
• Outcome feedback
• Task cues for performance expectations
(calibration feedback)
• Cognitive feedback (internal feedback)
• Validity feedback (process feedback)
– Task validity
– Cognitive validity
– Functional validity
• Motivation

13. Outcome Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

14. Calibration Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

15. Cognitive Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

16. Task Validity Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

17. Cognitive Validity Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

18. Functional Validity Feedback
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

19. Motivation
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

20. Example
Reflective Practitioners
as
Self-regulated Learners

21. Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How
Professionals think in Action. London: Maurice Temple Smith.
Concepts of reflection
• Reflection for action*
• Reflection in action
• Reflection on action
* Ertmer, P. A., & Newby, T. J. (1996). The expert learner:
Strategic, self-regulated and reflective. Instructional Science, 24, 1-24.

22. Revisit Schön’s concepts from a
self-regulation perspective

23. Reflection for Action
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

24. Reflection in Action
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

25. Reflection on Action
External
Performance
Feedback
Filters
Knowledge
Tasks & Beliefs
Tactics &
Cue 1 Goals Products
Domain
Strategies
Knowledge
Cue 2
Strategy
Knowledge
...
Monitoring
Motivational
Beliefs
Cognitive System

26. Endsley, M. R. (2000). “Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation
Awareness: A Critical Review”. In M.R. Endsley & D.J. Garland
(Eds.). Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement (pp. ).
Mahwah, NJ & London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

27. Situation Awareness
State of the Environment
Situational Awareness
Perceive
Comprehend
Decision Perform
Project

28. Task/ System Factors
System Stress &
Complexity Automation
capabilities Workload
Situational Awareness
Perceive
Comprehend Decision Perform
Project
Individual Factors
Goals & Objectives Information Processing
Preconditions Mechanisms
Training Long term Memory Automacity
Experience
Abilities

29. Levels of Situation Awareness
• Level 1: Perception of relevant information
– Being able to identify a situation
• Level 2: Comprehension of information
– Understand the situation in context
• Level 3: Forward prediction
– Understand the dynamics of a context

30. Situation Awareness in Teams
• Self-awareness within the team
• Peer-awareness within the team
• Awareness of the team as a whole
• Resource-awareness within the team

31. INTEGRATING THE
PERSPECTIVES

32. Situation Awareness
is about
adjusting filters for cue perception
and
identifying goals and
appropriate strategies

33. External
Performance
Feedback
Tasks Situational Awareness
Perception Projection
Cue 1
Comprehension
Cue 2 Goal Tactics &
Filters Products
setting Strategies
...
Monitoring
Cognitive System

34. The current challenge (in Salomo)
Structuring interventions to
improve self-regulation
through increased
situation awareness
• Reduce errors
• Risk awareness
• Task alignment

35. http://portal.ou.nl/en/web/topic-mobile-learning/
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