The patch clamp technique allows studying single or multiple ion channels in cells. Developed in the 1970s-1980s by Sakmann and Neher, it provides a way to insert an electrode into a cell and change its intracellular fluid while creating an impermeable seal. There are different types of patch clamp methods, and it is used to evaluate drug interactions with ion channels and measure properties like current, conductance, and dose response curves. Recent developments aim to improve techniques like intracellular perfusion and throughput.

2. PATCH CLAMP TECHNIQUE UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF MISS MEENU SINGH ASST.PROFEESOR DEPARTMENT OFPHARMACOLOGY CMRCP BY KRISHNAPRIYA.P M.PHARM PHARMACOLOGY

4. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Graham

7. THE PATCH-CLAMP TECHNIQUE Erwin Neher Bert Sakmann Germany (1991 Nobel Laureates)

8. BASIC PRINCIPLE 7/7/2011 The principle of the method is to isolate a patch of membrane electrically from the external solution and to record current flowing into the patch This is achieved by pressing a fire-polished glass pipette, which has been filled with a suitable electrolyte solution, against the surface of a cell and applying light suction fi re -polished glass pipette Electrolyte solution Electrode (10-25 µm) Renitence S i 2 = 4kTf c /R variance of the current noise (in A 2 ) k = Boltzmann’s constant, T = temperature (° Kelvin), fc = the bandwidth(Hz) <10nm 10 GΩ resistor at 20°C, the standard deviation of the current noise at 1 kHz will be 0.04 pA,

11. PATCH CLAMP TECHNIQUE IN ISOLATED CARDIAC MYOCYTES Perfusion of a section of intact canine left ventricular myocardium. A cannula has been placed into the left anterior descending coronary artery and clamps have been placed to occlude major coronary artery branches that have been transected during sectioning

23. PATCH-CLAMP TCHNIQUE