Bulimia Nervosa Comparison

Bulimia Nervosa Comparison
Introduction
Eating disorders are a disease that can impact an individual's health adversely by causing their
emotions and capability to function in the significant areas of their life. There are two most common
eating disorders and they are: anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. These disorders often begin to
formulate during the teenage years of an individual's life and can carry on through their adult years.
Research states that "According to the DSM–5 (APA, 2013), eating disorders are characterized by a
persistent disturbance in eating behavior" (Butcher et al., 2013, p.294). All of these disorders
influences a person's nutrition and can serious affect their internal organs. Comparison and
Similarities
Anorexia nervosa occurs when a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–feel they lack control over eating.
–Individuals with purging bulimia nervosa and non–purging bulimia nervosa use non–purging
methods to avoid weight gain.
–Purging bulimia nervosa clients purge after eating.
–Non–purging bulimia nervosa patients do not purge.
–Individual who suffer from purging/non–purging bulimia nervosa binge eat.
Role of Culture
Culture beliefs have been viewed as an important cause in the formulation of eating disorders.
Research states that "Widespread eating disorder difficulties have been reported among both
Caucasian and black South Africa college students (le Grange et al., 1998)" (Butcher et al., 2013,
p.304). It has been described as a worldwide problem. Anorexia nervosa cases are not known as a
culture specific illness however, culture does impact the disorder clinical display. Bulimia nervosa is
viewed as a culture specific disorder because it has been detected in the western exposure to
becoming a thin individual, having access to food, and present day plumbing providing the
individual access to vomit in
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Bulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder Essay
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that is most commonly found in women of teenage or young
adult age (Herzog, D. B. (1982). This disorder can have very serious effects on the body. Some of
these physical effects include "dental problems, inflamed esophagus, EEG abnormalities, abdominal
or urinary disturbances, and changes in blood sugar level." (Muuss, R. E. (1986). ) The mental and
emotional tolls of this disorder can be equally as dangerous. According to Pompili, M., Girardi, P.,
Ruberto, A., & Tatarelli, R. (2006) individuals with bulimia nervosa are at a higher risk for
committing suicide. To be diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa, according to the DSM 5, a person must
experience episodes of binge eating along with harmful behaviors meant to compensate for the
binging. These behaviors often include vomiting, exercising excessively, depriving oneself of food,
or using medications inappropriately to achieve weight loss.
dsm.psychiatryonline.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
(American Psychiatric Association, 2013). According to Lundgren, J. D., Danoff–Burg, S., &
Anderson, D. A. (2004) a lot of research has been done on the efficacy of cognitive–behavioral
therapy in treating bulimia nervosa and it is widely believed to be the best treatment for the disorder.
Cognitive–behavioral therapy is essentially the combination of cognitive therapy, designed to
change unhealthy thoughts and schema, and behavioral therapy, designed to change

Eating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa
"Up to 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder" (Wade, Keski–
Rahkonen, & Hudson, 1995). There are many factors which contribute to the development of eating
disorders including "biology, emotional health, and societal expectation, and other issues"
("Diseases and Conditions Bulimia nervosa"). One of the most prominent eating disorders in
America and around the globe has been around since the Middle Ages: "Bulimia is first reliably
described among the some of the wealthy in the Middle Ages who would vomit during meals so
they could consume more" ("A History of Eating Disorders"). Today bulimia is more prevalent and
is predicted to affect around "4% of women in the United States" ("Eating Disorder Statistics and
Research"). In 1979, Gerald Russell published a description of bulimia nervosa. It was the first
description of bulimia ever published. Only a year later in 1980 bulimia appeared for the first time
in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–III. Bulimia has come to be known as
bulimia nervosa for its similarity to another eating disorder known as anorexia nervosa, and also
known as the binge– purge disorder for its cycle of bingeing and purging. Like anorexia, bulimia is
normally developed during adolescences or early adulthood and "both are characterized by severely
restricting food consumption." ("Bulimia Nervosa") However, unlike anorexia, bulimia is also
characterized by binge eating. Binge

Bulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay
Eating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating
disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast
these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes, health affects and the most
prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders.
"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self–starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder
believe they are overweight, even when their bodies become grotesquely distorted by
malnourishment." (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia) Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa include:
heart muscle damage, heartbeat irregularities, low blood pressure, kidney damage, kidney failure, ...
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They often will use dietary aids to purge the unwanted calories from binge eating. In this stage of
the purging process, individuals with Anorexia Nervosa will self–induce vomiting like individuals
with Bulimia Nervosa. (Schullherr, Eating Disorders For Dummies)
Teenagers are the most common age group of those affected. According to Starvation Nation,
Doctor's in Denver, Colorado say no demographic is safe, and medical professionals are scrambling
to combat what has become a burgeoning public health crisis. (Moura)
"Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by massive food binges followed by self–induced vomiting or use
of diuretics and laxatives to avoid weight gain." (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia) Common
symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa include: damage to your heart or cardiac functionality, liver damage,
kidney failure, damage to the esophagus, damage to the functioning of your gastrointestinal system
and damage to tooth enamel. (Schulherr, Eating Disorders For Dummies) Bulimia Nervosa has a
negative affect on your health like Anorexia Nervosa. Self–soothing with food may cause the
individual to become overweight. Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa associate food as the only thing
that provides them comfort. The individual with Bulimia Nervosa will purge the food to get their
weight under control. Individuals that suffer from Bulimia Nervosa often have self–esteem issues
because of constantly keeping their eating disorder a secret. According

Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia, also called bulimia nervosa, is when a person eats over 2,000 calories and tries to find
methods to avoid gaining weight. This chronic illness is very life– threatening because it is putting
the body at harm. When a person is Bulimic, they stress/ binge eat. After they try to vomit, excessive
exercise, laxative use, fasting, and a combination of these methods just so they don't gain weight.
Both genders suffer from this disorder, but it is found that it occurs in woman more. There are two
types of bulimia. There is purging which is when individuals vomit, use laxatives, and diuretics after
binging. The other type is non–purging which is when individuals use inappropriate methods such as
excessive exercising or fasting (Amanda De Cadenet). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we are stressed, we get overwhelm to the point we need to find a way to cope with the stress.
People usually lean towards eating their way out of stress to feel comfortable. Having bulimia
causes stress itself. Worrying about food and weight leads to low self–esteem which elevates stress
levels. College student are more likely to develop bulimia because of all the stress they are under
(Carolyn Gregoire). Not only the stress, but the judgement of others. Vomiting can cause electrolyte
imbalance and it comes in the form of low potassium levels. Low levels of potassium can cause
kidney

Childhood Bulimia Nervosa
Background: Eating disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating are life threatening
conditions that affect a person's emotional and physical health. Anorexia nervosa is the intense fear
of gaining weight and having an abnormally low body weight. Individuals restrict the amount of
food they consume. Bulimia Nervosa is eating large amounts of food and getting rid of the extra
calories by force vomiting or misusing laxatives. Abuse during childhood has long been
hypothesized to be a risk factor for the development of eating disorders (Harlow, Rayworth, and
Wise, 2004). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between childhood violence,
victimization, and eating disorders.
Methods: A broad search strategy, covering several ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By Rayworth, B., Wise, L., & Harlow, B., 2004, Epidemiology, Vol. 15, 271–278. In the article
above Rayworth and others (Rayworth, et al (2004)), the researchers conducted a case–control study
from Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. Women between the age of 36 and 44 in the years of
1995 through 1997 were sampled. The women returned questionnaires providing information on
their menstrual characteristics, current depressive symptoms, and history of major depression. Most
studies focus only on sexual abuse without analyzing physical abuse. This study concluded that
sexual abuse without physical abuse was not associated with eating disorders. Women with histories
of anorexia or bulimia and those who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, 4th edition, reported some childhood abuse. Sexual abuse without physical abuse was not
associated with eating disorders, whereas physical abuse without sexual abuse was still associated
with a 2–fold increased risk of eating disorders. The joint effect of both physical and sexual abuse
resulted in a 3–fold increased risk of eating disorder symptoms and a nearly 4–fold increased risk of
eating disorders that met DSM–IV criteria. (Rayworth, et all

Bulimia Nervosa Essay
Eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa has a major impact on the oral
cavity. These eating disorders are psychiatric illnesses that are associated with a person's perception
of their self, they have a disturbed self–perception of body image, weight and shape.
Anorexia Nervosa is defined by the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical
Manuel on Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM–IV) as a refusal to maintain body weight at or
above 85% of the normal weight for an age and height, along with a fear of gaining weight.
People with anorexia go into semi–starvation state, which the body is unable to absorb the nutrients
it needs from food. Bulimia Nervosa is defined in DSM–IV as episodes of binge ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The anorexic individual has oral hygiene that is worse than an individual with bulimia. The poor
hygiene causes increased plaque development and gingivitis. The effects of bulimia nervosa can be
more severe than anorexia due to the frequent binging and purging. Tooth decay, soft palate damage
and salivary gland enlargement are three complications of bulimia nervosa that affects the teeth and
oral cavity. The frequent purging wears away tooth enamel from the acidic gastric contents from the
stomach. As the enamel wears away, then the dentin of the tooth starts to erode. If the erosion
becomes severe enough, the pulp of the teeth is exposed which can lead of infection and pulp death.
Teeth may become brittle and weak. The tips of the teeth becomes thin and breaks off easily.
Erosion can change the appearance of the teeth, they can be yellow, translucent or have a glassy
appearance. The frequent purging an also change the alignment, shape and length of the teeth. The
erosion of the tooth enamel can cause the teeth to be sensitive to hot and cold temperatures. Soft
palate injury are the result due to the use of objects, such as pens, combs, fingers and other objects
to

Sexual Abuse And Bulimia Nervosa
Victims of sexual abuse may develop eating disorders in order to cope with their traumatic
experiences that they may have suffered from their loved one. In many cases, it has been reported
that there are larger cases of bulimia nervosa in victims of sexual abuse than anorexia nervosa. As
according to Wonderlich et al.'s study, those who have been sexually assaulted as a child have some
stronger relations with bulimia nervosa than anorexia nervosa. Studies conducted by Bushmell et al.
(1992) and Pribor and Dinwiddie (1992), both found frequent cases of bulimia nervosa compared to
anorexia nervosa among the eating disorder rates of sexually abused victims. Additionally, as
according to the studies conducted by Wonderlich et al., there as considerable ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, women who have been a victim of childhood sexual abuse and adult rape had even a
larger rate of eating disorders compared to those who have not (Fischer et al., 2010, pg.190). For
instance, a woman who has been sexually abused may be blamed for the incident, as many
individuals in society would claim that the woman was appealing and showing a bit too much than
she should be, or the woman was asking for the abuse to happen. In these circumstances, a woman
may take these comments really seriously towards herself and thus begin to change herself, as
mentioned before, in order to not feel guilty for what had happened. Thus, concentrating on her
eating habits, which could lead to binge–eating and eventually self–purging after a heavy meal to
feel satisfied with herself. Therefore, victims of sexual abuse are more likely to develop bulimia
nervosa than anorexia nervosa since the victim is able to take control and use their bulimia has an
excuse to feel better about

The Importance Of Treatment For Bulimia Nervosa
This paper demonstrates the significance of treatment for Bulimia Nervosa as well as which way of
treatment is best for Bulimia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the best treatments for
Bulimia Nervosa. More emphasis on the question, is Bulimia Nervosa best treated with Cognitive
Behavioral Therapy or with antidepressants such as Adapin or Prozac? Furthermore, in the paper the
results will indicate the efficacy of treatment of which method of treatment is best for Bulimia.
Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as
eating in a discrete period, of time (e.g., within any two hour period), and amount of food that is
definitely larger than what most individuals would eat in a similar period of time under similar
circumstances (DSM (5th ed., [DSM–5], American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). It can also
be characterized as a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one
cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating) (DSM (5th ed., [DSM–5], American
Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Bulimia was known to be very difficult to treat when it first
was acknowledged (Hudson, Pope, Harrison & Jonas, 1983). Fortunately today it can be treated by
drug or cognitive therapy. Since that time, a vast variety of treatments have been looked into, and
since then two approaches have been known to establish efficacy (Hudson, et al.). One is cognitive–
behavioral therapy.

Bulimia Nervosa Research Paper
Bridget Engel, Psy. D. in Mental Help says the literal translation of bulimia means, "hunger like an
ox." Matthews defines bulimia nervosa as an eating disorder in which people follow a routine of
secretive, uncontrolled or binge eating followed by behaviors to rid the body of food consumed.
This includes self–induced vomiting and/or the misuse of laxatives, diet pills, diuretics, excessive
exercise or fasting. As with anorexia nervosa, those with bulimia are overly concerned with food,
body weight, and shape (276). Bulimia nervosa is a serious, potentially life–threatening eating
disorder characterized by a cycle of bingeing and compensatory behaviors such as self–induced
vomiting designed to undo or compensate for the effects of binge eating ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Excessive, rigid exercise regimen despite weather, fatigue, illness, or injury, and the compulsive
need to "burn off" calories taken in. Also, unusual swelling of the cheeks or jaw area, calluses on the
back of the hands and knuckles from self–induced vomiting, and discoloration or staining of the
teeth can be seen due to vomiting. The National Association of Anorexia and Associated Disorders
say symptoms of bulimia nervosa include, binge eating. Purging, following a binge, an individual
may feel consume with fear, guilt or shame and the need to try to undo his or her behavior. Purging
is a way to compensate for binging. Purge behaviors come in many forms: vomiting, taking
laxatives or water pills, starving or excessive exercise. And body image, self–evaluation and self–
esteem are overly influenced by weight and shape. One in five young women report of having
bulimia nervosa (Matthews 27). Bulimia nervosa affects one to two percent of adolescent and young
adult women (NEDA). Four percent of college–aged women have bulimia (Matthews 33).
Approximately 80% of bulimia nervosa patients are female

Essay Bulimia Nervosa
BULIMIA NERVOSA 307.51 (F50.2)
Introduction
Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa undertake frequent binge eating, followed by expelling
the food, typically by inducing vomiting, but also through exercising and the use of laxative agents,
diuretics, and enemas (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The binge eating occurrences are
often prompted by a negative perception of one's body image, temporarily alleviated by the binge
eating episode. Since the individual with bulimia nervosa is overanxious about body weight, purging
of the food is viewed as a necessity. This is in contrast to binge eating disorder, which does not
involve the purging of food after an excess of food consumption (Bulik et al., 2012). Furthermore,
although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is an additional feature that must be present alongside these symptoms in order for a patient to
be diagnosed with bulimia nervosa: any binge eating events followed by compensation needs to be
relatively frequent. Specifically, if these events take place at a minimum of one time per week –
over a 3 month timespan – then a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa may be made. Although these are the
symptoms that must be present in order for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa to be made, there are
often other symptoms that accompany bulimia nervosa. Signs of psychosis have been found in
patients with eating disorders like bulimia nervosa (Miotto et al., 2010). Moreover, those with
bulimia nervosa frequently have the feeling that there is something flawed with their mind, and that
others are at fault for their problems (Miotto et al., 2010). In addition, there is evidence that a feeling
of loneliness is correlated with the occurrence of bulimia nervosa (Levine, 2012), highlighting the
psychological dynamics that are at play behind this disorder.
Causes of Bulimia Nervosa: from genetics to environment
The environmental and biological mechanisms that underlie bulimia nervosa have been researched
in some depth. The principle mechanisms that give rise to bulimia nervosa may be classified into
two groups: genetic variables at play and environmental factors that impact the patient.
There is a considerable body of evidence

The Importance of Psychotherapy and Medication in the...
The Importance of Psychotherapy and Medication in the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa
This researched argument is on the disorder of bulimia nervosa. The reason behind my writing about
the topic of bulimia is because my sister suffers from it and I want to know how to help her. I also
would like to be able to share the information I obtained while doing my research. I want to argue
the importance of having both psychotherapy and medication in the treatment for the people
afflicted with this serious health disorder. Society needs to be altered by the media and educated
about the disorders of bulimia and other disorders that are associated with eating problems.
Hopefully my essay will inform you about the health dangers and complications ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes the person that suffers from bulimia is in denial that they are being sick or affecting
others. Bulimia is an especially serious disease that does not only hurt the bulimic, but also everyone
that loves that person who is suffering. The main reason that I researched the disorder of bulimia is
because my sister suffers from bulimia nervosa. I have personally witnessed my sister¹s body and
health decay is very upsetting. The disorder also puts a strain on the entire family. No one wants to
watch a person¹s self–inflicted starvation. Unfortunately many people who know someone suffering
from bulimia do not know how to help.
What is bulimia and how to notice the signs that the person you love has this serious disorder? By
definition, bulimia nervosa is a multifaceted disorder with psychological, physiologic,
developmental and cultural components. This definition states that there is no single underlying
factor that causes this disorder. A person may have a genetic predisposition for contracting this
disorder. There are also other factors that can cause an individual to become bulimic. There are two
predisposing factors and they are psychological and personality. Examples of psychological and
personality factors are perfectionism, impaired self–concept, affective instability, poor impulse
control and an absence of an adaptive functioning to maturational task and developmental stresses.
Relationships between parents and peers can have affects on

A psychological disorder is a pattern of abnormal behavior that is associated with states of
significant emotional distress, such as anxiety or depression, or with impaired behavior or ability to
function, such as difficulty holding a job or even distinguishing reality form fantasy. (Abnormal
Psychology; 3)
There are people that become embarrassed by their psychological disorder or abnormal behavior and
refuse to receive help because they are afraid of what society and even their family may think of
them. Therefore, they do not seek the professional help that they need to be diagnosed properly for
the disorder or to be treated properly for the psychological disorder that they may or may not have.
A psychological disorder can also be bulimia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder
characterized by recurrent episodes of gorging on large quantities of food, followed by use of
inappropriate ways to prevent weight gain. (Abnormal Psychology; 338)
People that are bulimic tend to go into a depressive stage because they have a greater fear of
becoming over weight than any other person does. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders (DSM) diagnosis of bulimia nervosa requires that binge–eating episodes and the
accompanying compensatory behaviors occur at an average frequency of at least once a week for
three months. (Abnormal Psychology; 338)
Bulimia nervosa is psychological and life–threatening but both men and women will proceed in
bingeing and purging to

Bulimia Nervosa Within developmental lifespan psychology, eating disorders are often categorised
under the heading of 'adolescence problems' along with suicide, delinquency, substance misuse and
pregnancy. They are particularly associated with females, especially during the development stage
of adolescence when one's physical, cognitive and social development leaves childhood and enters
adulthood (Seifert et al, 1997: 333). It appears that young women are more dissatisfied with weight
than women at any other stage of the female lifespan. This is due to an increase in awareness of their
body shape and weight, therefore accounting for the large majority of eating disorder cases being ...
The bulimic sufferer periodically consumes huge amounts of food in short time spans, with little
control over consumption and with fearful thoughts about their inability to stop. An average bulimia
sufferer performs secret binges of 2,500 calories or more within a two–hour period, although reports
range from 1,200 to 55,000 calories (Johnson et al, 1982). These binges produce feelings of guilt,
leading the person to purge, with this behaviour often affecting work, social life, family and health.
Other psychologically straining problems include constant worry of being discovered, continuing
feelings of shame and the fatigue associated with this particular eating pattern. According to Pinel
(2003) bulimia is considered to be a psychiatric, rather than medical condition, characterised by
abnormal eating patterns and obsessions with food and weight. However, DSM–IV (1994) states
four specific symptoms needed to diagnose bulimia. They are recurrent episodes of binge eating,
recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain, the behaviour must occur
approximately twice a week for at least three months, and finally disturbance must not occur during
anorexia. The diagnostic criteria also notes specific types of bulimia (purging and non–purging),
with severity and frequency of symptoms

Bulimia Nervosa: The Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy Essay
Bulimia, known as Bulimia Nervosa, is a deadly eating disorder in which an individual believes they
are fat or overweight. Those individuals lose weight through unhealthy and dangerous methods. The
overall desire to be thin and accepted appears to be the main cause of Bulimia. The attitudes about
diet and appearance expressed by parents can be a factor. Teens may temporarily become slightly
overweight and parents who react negatively may cause their children to become fearful or anxious
about the way they look. It has been discovered that female teens have a strong desire to please their
father and when he is rigid, emotionally distant, demanding and a perfectionist, this may cause a
very low self–esteem or self–worth in his teenage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This eating disorder causes extreme weight loss, malnutrition (due to lack of food), Depression and
self–hatred. It also includes Headaches; bloodshot eyes, fatigue, obsession with body weight and
appearance. Long term effects of Bulimia are: tooth enamel breakage due to constant contact with
stomach acids when vomiting. Stomach ulcers (which are open sores with in the stomach) dental
cavity's, constant dehydration, and irregular heartbeat (which can lead to heart attacks).Also higher
chances of suicidal behaviors and feelings.
Although binging and purging usually occurs in secrecy or unnoticeable as possible, there are other
ways to know if a person suffers from this disorder. The sign that a person has Bulimia Nervosa
eventually becomes detectable. Warning signs include; Dental erosion and decay, swollen salivary
glands, calluses and scabs on the back of the hand from constantly scraping them against their teeth
while vomiting.
While an exact cause is yet unknown, bulimia Nervosa is likely brought on by a complex interplay
of factors which can include emotional and personality disorders, family stress, and possible genetic
or biologic weakness.
The first course of action should be to seek help from a physician to diagnose and treat any physical
problems. To treat Bulimia Nervosa many people seek therapists who are especially experienced at
helping people who have eating disorders.
The second course of action should be cognitive

Anorexia And Bulimia Nervosa
Introduction
In today's society, media is everywhere around us, and it can have a greater impact on us than we
believe and/or like to admit. According to James G Webster, media can be defined as a way of
communicating with the general public; newspapers, magazines, television, and billboards. Being
exposed to mass media's glorification of slim and modified bodies can over time lead to a negative
body image, and that possibly leading to extreme dieting and mental health problems, such as an
eating disorder.
Body image involves one's perception, imagination, emotions, and physical sensations of and about
our bodies (Lightstone, 2012). Lightstone also argued that body image is not based on facts, but in
our nature and influenced more by self–esteem than by actual attractiveness judged by others.
According to Lightstone, body image can change depending on mood, environment, and mental
health. A dissatisfied body image can lead to dieting, and sometimes even eating disorders. The
eating disorders that this essay will focus on are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The eating disorder is characterized by refusal to eat a normal amount of food, and a great fear of
gaining weight or staying at a normal weight considering the person's age and height. Other
common symptoms related to Anorexia Nervosa include distorted body image and a great fear of
gaining weight. The treatment for the disorder often includes of therapy and rehabilitation, although
a meta–analysis covering 119 study series concluded that only 33% of the disorder sufferers fully
recover, and 20% do not find treatment helpful at all, and therefore remain chronically ill
(Steinhausen,

The Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa
Author: Haley McDaniel, Pharm.D. Candidate
Date Answered: November 2, 2015
Question:
47. Should topiramate be considered for the treatment of bulimia nervosa?
Answer: The drug Topiramate is a sulfamate–substituted derivative from the monosaccharide D–
fructose that is known for its anticonvulsant and antimigraine actions.1 Therefore, it is helpful for
patients with seizures and migranes. Epilepsy is a specific example of what this drug is used to treat.
Topiramate is different from other antiepileptic drugs because it is thought to block the spreading of
seizures instead of lowering the threshold like other antiepilepsy drugs. 2 Although the exact
mechanism that Topirmate cannot be identified, it is currently being observed from biochemical
studies. Scientist have observed that the drug blocks voltage–dependent sodium channels, augments
the activity of gamma–aminobutyric acid, antagonizes the AMPA/kainite subtype of glutamate
receptor, and inhibits carbonic anhydrase. 1 Should this medicine be used to treat bulimia nervosa?
Bulima nervousa is a disease that causes patients to engulf large amounts of food in a short amount
of time, which then causes them to take action by purging or taking laxitives to get rid of the large
sum of food they consumed. 3
There was a study that used a randomized, Double–Blind, Placebo–Controlled Trial, to test if
Topiramate had an effect on the behavior, body weight, and quality of life related to health in
patients suffering from

Bulimia Nervosa
I. A story about a young girl who suffer eating disorder
II. Her name is Jasmine ,who was one of my classmates during high school
III. She was a healthy girls who have a lot of friends and energy
IV. But,she never happy with herself
V. She wanted to be perfect.
VI. One day,she met Anna ,her virtual friend who met on facebook
VII. Anna told her to stop eating so that she can be perfect
VIII. And Jasmine believed in Anna's word
IX. She started to exercise 3 hours a day and almost all the times
X. She lost 6 kilogram in the first month
XI. Her mum and our classmates noticed her changes
XII. But she said nothing was wrong
XIII. She did not eat anymore unless she 'had to'
XIV. Her skin was really bad
XV. She lost a lot of hair and her body ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bulimia Nervosa
A. An eating disorder when a person eat large amounts of foods followed by a desire to get rid of the
food by vomiting ,use of laxatives and excessive exercise("What is Bulimia",2015)
B. There are two cause which effect the person with Bulimia nervosa which are depression and
anxiety
1. Many people with eating disorder appear to suffer from depression
a. Through the research that have been conducted by Michael and Tamara(1999), found that
depression is closely related to dissatisfaction some women that causes them to suffer from eating
disorders
b. Depression can make people more likely to feel negatively about their bodies and themselves
2. Anxiety
a. One study found that close to 50% of adolescents with eating disorder had high levels of anxiety
especially those with bulimia (Patton , Coffey, & Sawyer, 2013)
C. According to People magazines (1992), Princess Diana who known as People's Princess also one
of the famous people that suffer with Bulimia nervosa .
1. A therapist who treated her reportedly told that Princess Diana was believed to suffer from

bulimia nervosa
2. Lady Colin Campbell, the author of the best–selling Diana in Private tolds that Princess Diana
went on diet when she was getting ready for her wedding after seeing how heavy she was in
engagement

Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa Essay
Throughout the twenty–first century there has been a social demand to be thin. Many famous men
and women in the acting and modeling industry are expected to be skinny and are photoshopped in
their pictures to make them look smaller than they are, which the everyday people see. "When you
consider the average weight of a supermodel, the $70 billion dieting industry, or the 6 million to 11
million people who struggle with eating disorders, you come to one conclusion: America is virtually
obsessed with thinness" (Wolchover). Our world is determined to be skinny and people become so
obsessed, that they will start to see themselves as larger than they truly are and will take serious
measures to accomplish their dream of being thin. This "thin fantasy" develops into eating disorders
such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Although anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are
both eating disorders where the person has a misperception of his or her own body and relies on
starving/fasting, purging, and excessive exercise to lose weight, these conditions do vary in the way
they are defined, diagnosed, and the effects they have on the body.
People may automatically associate eating disorders with women but they do affect both genders,
more women have an eating disorder than men, but both men and women can develop one. A female
might think that she isn't small enough so she'll turn to starving or purging to lose weight, but a male
could feel a need to be muscular and fit, so he'll turn

Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are a few of the most common disorders struggled with
today. Anorexia Nervosa is a condition of the intense fear to gain weight, which results in consistent
lack of eating. Bulimia Nervosa, involves frequent episodes of binge eating followed by throwing up
because of fear of gaining weight. The mortality rate for anorexia is the highest of all mental
disorders yet the genetic factors relating them were not a huge concern to look into. It is easy to
think that Anorexia and Bulimia are mentality induced only, but there are indeed genetic factors
related despite how small the evidence may be. Personality disorders are heritable, and are
commonly developed after an eating disorder or a large reason someone develops one. The study of
serotonin, a compound found in Bulimia, Anorexia and depression, can be passed down through
genes and they play a small part in eating disorders worth acknowledging. Inheriting genes that
make an individual athletic naturally can affect the chances of eating disorder. There is no evidence
that one particular gene could cause an eating disorder, but there are various traits and levels of
compounds that when inherited, increase the likelihood of developing one. Personality disorders are
more likely to develop from an eating disorder and are common preceding factors for one.
Individuals exposed to stressful environments who are genetically more vulnerable, are at risk for
developing an eating disorder. Narcissists

Bulimia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that consists of the distortion on one's body image and an
obsessive desire to lose weight. It involves binge eating which is the rapid ingesting of large
amounts of food, commonly followed by vomiting, fasting, or purging that is accompanied by
depression. An individual with bulimia will attempt to avoid weight gain by vomiting or using
laxatives, diuretics, or enemas. It is common to see a bulimic individual restrict their food intake or
exercise excessively. The collective notion of a bulimic is that their self–worth and self–evaluation
is strongly influenced by their weight or body shape. This disorder is not only mentally damaging
but also takes a physical toll on the body. The physical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While only that 2.6% are actually diagnosed as bulimic, up to 10% of women display symptoms of
bulimia but do not meet the criteria to be diagnosed. Apart from the common misconception that
only women develop eating disorders, it is reported that 10% of bulimics are males. I personally
never gave any thought to males suffering from an eating disorder. I have always perceived that
males with extra weight are more socially acceptable compared to women that carry extra weight,
and that commonly men don't view their image as defining to their value.
An interesting fact that I did not know is that 50% of individuals with an eating disorder abuse drugs
and alcohol. It's not shocking to me that bulimics would abuse drugs and alcohol, not only because it
can be used as an escape from the world and themselves, but also because numerous drugs and
alcohol effect appetite, usually in a negative way, aiding to weight loss. This disorder really is a
never ending cycle. First the body distortion image develops, then the binge eating occurs, followed
by guilt that leads to purging, vomiting, etc., which turns into depression that is commonly coped
with through drugs, alcohol, or food, which in turn starts the cycle over again.
Like most disorders, having a good family and friend support group is important to overcoming or
coping with bulimia. This became evident in this case study based off the fact that Amber felt unable
to communicate

Bulimia Nervosa Argument
Bolanle Soyombo
Cox
AP Lit A2
April 18, 2012
Bulimia Nervosa: Argument Although bulimia nervosa can be treated in multiple fashions, there is a
specific treatment that is proven to be the most effective in not only bulimia nervosa, but also other
anxiety related disorders. This effective treatment is an specific form of short term psychotherapy.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is productive in both reducing the amount of times one may purge in
a day and diminishing the entire disorder altogether; it is a diverse set of problem specific
interventions. According to Brian Sheldon, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is a psychological
approach for the treatment of family, personal, and mental problems. This technique is intended to
help clients ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike interpersonal psychotherapy, with the use of medication, CBT attains several forms of
intervention and models that can be used for certain situations. These forms are tailored not only to
the affected patient but also toward the patient 's family. There is therapy for the perfect,
overprotective, and chaotic family. These forms all have specifics that set their therapeutic sessions
apart, but are similar in that they all begin with a technique called joining. Joining is basically an
establishment of alliance between the therapist and the family (Killian). Therapists are advised to
discover how the family members feel toward the problem in this situation. A way of ensuring
family involvement would be to set specific guidelines about the affect patient 's behavior and the
family 's reactions toward the behavior. For example, a therapist may initiate a plan in which the
patient must be responsible for replacing the family food in which he/she binges on. This activity
will enhance the removal of the rest of the family to be in constant fear for the patient; it will also
allow the patient to begin to regain control of one aspect of his/her life. Common goals within this
type of family include regulation of emotional availability between the parent(s) and the bulimic
patient, facilitation of direct communication, and negotiation of conflict and its resolution (Killian).
Besides interventions, there are also models that can be used to deal

Bulimia Nervosa And Non Purging Bulimia
Bulimia nervosa, also called bulimia is a possible life threating eating disorder. A person that suffers
from bulimia may secretly binge their food. They may eat large amount of food and then purge their
food to get rid of the additional calories that they've digested. Bulimia is categorized in two ways,
purging bulimia and non–purging bulimia. Purging bulimia is when a person regularly self–induces
vomiting after eating. Non–purging bulimia is when an individual may use other methods to try to
prevent weight gain, such as fasting, extreme dieting, or overly exercising. When a person has
bulimia they may judge their self and their flaws. Up to 80% of people self–induced vomiting while
the 30% of people use laxatives. They're some risk to using other methods to binge. Using laxatives
for a longtime can cause the lead to potassium depletion and dehydration. Another risk is that the
bowel can become unresponsive. Some may use diuretics or 'water pills'. Diuretics works by getting
rid of the body water, therefore it could decrease bloating. In addition it can induce electrolyte or
salt imbalances that can lead to a disturbance in the heart rhythm. There are many signs to show
whether a person suffers from bulimia nervosa. For an example, if there is a withdrawal of large
amounts of food in a short time period. If you see the individual take frequent trips the restroom.
Another sign will be excessive exercise regardless of weather, fatigue, illness, or the uncontrollable

Eating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa
In today's society the majority of men and women all try to live up to this vision of absolute
perfection within our physical appearances. The desire to be thin becomes an obsession and girls
will view thinness as something you have to achieve. Most girls' will try all different kinds of diets
and exercise compulsively. The obsession over girls' appearances and weight has lead to an
increasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health
article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorder is an illness that causes physical disturbance to
your everyday diet. A person who is stressed or concerned about their body weight is a sign that he
or she might have an eating disorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are
anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are
underweight, see themselves as overweight. People with anorexia are obsessed with weighing
themselves and eat small portions of a certain type of food. Some people can also have binge–eating
disorder by self–vomiting, excessive exercising and extreme dieting. Anorexia is the fear of
becoming fat and in order to stay thin, the person stops eating causing malnutrition and instead of
becoming thin and they get skinny. Symptoms of anorexia include: extreme thinness, the intense
fear of gaining weight, extreme restricted eating, and a self–esteem that is heavily influenced by
body image. Other symptoms that

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Essay
"Body Image"
Eating Disorders are a range of mental health problems. People that suffer from an eating disorder
find their relationships, daily activities and basic health is affected. All ages and sexes can suffer.
But eating disorders, such as Bulimia Nervosa or Anorexia Nervosa, are generally found in
adolescent girls and young women. Anorexia Nervosa affects less than one percent of adolescent
girls and young women, whereas, Bulimia Nervosa affects two percent. Approximately five percent
of people with Anorexia are male. One main alleged cause is the media for their portrayal of young
men and women and using unrealistic body shapes.
Anorexia Nervosa is generally a preoccupation with thinness even though they themselves are ...
Another affect less known is that cancer can also be created in the throat and/or voice box due to
regularly vomiting.
The media, magazines, films, television, advertisements and newspapers can all put incredible strain
on a person's perception of beauty. Found in these are thin women, extremely fit men and ideas and
expectations on how people need to appear in order to be better looking. These people are viewed as
healthy because they are successful when really it is just as unhealthy for people to be underweight
as it is to be overweight. Magazines are generally blamed for rises in eating disorders from their use
of thin models. While showing people what is good for them fashion wise or appearance wise, they
are contradicting themselves by using overly thin models. Arty 15, wrote in the Sunday Mail (May
13 2007) "I think magazines put the most pressure on teens, they seem to sort of set the standard
about what's appropriate and what's not as far as body image goes." After conducting research and
creating surveys magazine editors found thinner models sell more items and look more appealing to
people. When most people would not like to see somebody that looks better than themself in a
magazine, and see them also be successful. Women's magazines such as Cleo,

Bulimia Nervos Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia originated in Greece, from the word boulimia, which is defined as
extreme hunger (the Bella Vita, 2013). Bulimia falls into the category of being a purge disorder, a lot
of the time people that struggle with bulimia may have times where they battle with anorexia
nervosa, meaning they restrict themselves from eating. There have been so many cases where people
battle with bulimia for years upon years, despite the large variety of treatment there is. There are
many perspectives that people express on how eating disorders begin. Many people associate eating
disorders with wanting to be thin, peer pressure, and pressure from parents. Treatment and medical
attention are very important if you want to overcome bulimia. Because this disorder can lead to
permanent damage to the body or even death, it is imperative that you get the necessary treatment. .
Overview
According to the American Psychiatric Association (2013) bulimia nervosa is when a person has
repeatedly binged when eating. During the binge phase, the person will have very little control over
their actions and consume large amounts of food in a short period of time. Typically a person
battling with bulimia will exhibit inappropriate behaviors to refrain from gaining weight by
exercising excessively, using laxatives, vomiting, taking medications, diuretics, and fasting. It is
required that the person continue these behaviors for at least once a week for three months, and there
is a major

Bulimia Nervosa Effect
Cause and Effect Essay Bulimia Nervosa is a psychological and severe life–threatening eating
disorder described by the ingestion of large amounts of food in a small amount and then doing
things such as misusing laxatives and self–induced vomiting.
Bulimia Nervosa can be caused by abuse and/or trauma. For instance, a woman could be in an
abusive relationship where the man is constantly calling her fat. She may binge eat and then purge
right after to lose the weight. Purging is the act of trying to control body weight by misuse of
laxatives, self–induced vomiting, or diuretics.
Another cause of Bulimia nervosa could be having a job or profession that focuses on body image.
An example of this is: a man going for an interview at a modeling agency. The manager says
everything about the man is perfect except his excess body fat around his abdomen. So he begins to
binge eat for about a day and then vomits for a day. Binge eating is the process of eating more than
your daily value in one sitting; or a few hours. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These effects include chronic dehydration and infertility.
One of the effects of bulimia nervosa is chronic dehydration. Some symptoms of chronic
dehydration include constipation, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Also, this can cause low
levels of sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
The next effect of bulimia nervosa is infertility. Infertility is not being able to get pregnant, despite
having carefully timed, unprotected sexual activity for a year or over.
Finally, there are many causes and effects of bulimia nervosa. A few of the causes are abuse or
trauma; another cause is having a job or profession that focuses on physical image. A few of the
effects are chronic dehydration, and infertility. These things all play into the process of

What´s Bulimia Nervosa?
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia is a very sensitive subject to talk about, but also very important. There are over 200,000
cases of bulimia in the United States each year. There are many reasons as in why people start
having this eating disorder. Society is a big reason, the need to please everyone around. Bulimia
Nervosa does not only happen with girls, it also happens with boys. This disorder can start in the
early years of life, and can end in the last years of life. More females have this eating disorder, the
ratio is for every ten females a male is having this order disorder.
Bulimia Nervosa started in the early Greek years, people would purge themselves for three days
straight thinking that food had disease. Romans would tickle their throats ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
People can recover from Bulimia Nervosa, even if they have had the problem for a long time. It can
take a long time to recover, but with the right help they can get past this problem. Furthermore,
patients also need a lot of support from their family members, friends, and all the people around
them. They need to know that they are not alone, and that they can get past it. When people are
recovering, they cannot go under a lot of stress and problems. If they start to feel that they are
causing problems they can start to binge and the treatment won't

Essay about Bulimia Nervosa: Meg's Story
Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia is one of the many eating disorders found among Americas today. People with eating
disorders, such as bulimia or anorexia, spend every day locked inside the mindset that they are fat.
Someone with bulimia nervosa eats as much food as they can in one sitting and then purges the food
they just consumed. Purging can be many things; for example forced vomiting, the use of laxatives,
also over exercising can be a form of purging. People purge to get rid of the excess calories or fat
after they consume large amounts of food. Binging and purging are often successfully hidden by
bulimics for many years because the individual maintains a normal body weight or at least close to
normal.
On the outside Meg probably ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Meg turned in to an emotional powder keg–depressed, angry, and frightened. When the dieting
didn't reduce her weight she started purging by using laxatives and throwing up after her binges. She
was unable to understand what was happening to her, so she didn't think anyone else would either.
Unable to understand her own behavior, she thought no one else would either. She felt isolated and
lonely. Typically, when things were not going well, she would be overcome with an uncontrollable
desire for sweets. She would eat pounds of candy and cake at a time, and often not stop until she
was exhausted or in severe pain. Then, overwhelmed with guilt and disgust, she would make herself
vomit. Unfortunately for Meg the stress and secret kept piling up on her until depression set in, she
attempted suicide. Thankfully that she didn't succeed in. Embarrassed by her mounting problems
and attempted suicide drove Meg deeper in to a state of depression.
While hospitalized Meg's doctor, family and friends decided to enroll Meg in to clinic dedicated to
patients with eating disorders. While at the clinic she became involved in group therapy, designed
for patients struggling with the same problems to discuss their problems. The therapy sessions
helped Meg understand others with the same problems. Medications were also prescribed to help
treat the illnesses that Meg was suffering from. Thanks to the support of all the people in Meg's life
she is

Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa Essay
In our Western society, we have several different types of eating dysfunction, all of which are unique
and tragic in their own right. Despite their individuality, however, they all have several overlapping
symptoms that are key to their classification and severity. For Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge
Eating Disorder (BED), one of the core features is binge eating, which can be defined objectively by
number of calories eaten in a given time or subjectively by the feelings of the binger. Binge eating
has many different aspects that are of interest to scientists and clinicians alike. One of those interests
has to do with the reduction of this symptom among populations being treated for their respective
disorder. Because both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therapies used.
Interpersonal therapy (IPT) is a derivative of therapy designed for depressed individuals, which
originated from the New Haven–Boston Collaborative Depression Project (Fairburn et al 1993). It
borrows from the psychodynamic school of psychology, but concentrates on interpersonal
functioning and involves three steps: 1) the first is an intensive analysis of the interpersonal context
which the disorder develops and is maintained 2) the second involves addressing the interpersonal
problems and contracting with the patients to work on these problems 3) the third deconstructs
feelings about termination of therapy, reviews progress and outlines future work (Fairburn et al.
1993).
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most commonly used type of psychotherapy
(Peterson & Mitchell 1999). It is based on the cognitive view of bulimia nervosa, which weighs
attitudes towards shape and weight as most significant for maintenance of the disorder. Therapy
actually includes a combination of behavioral and cognitive directives aimed at changing patterns of
behavior, attitudes of shape and weight, and cognitive distortions such as low self esteem (Fairburn
et al. 1993).
Behavioral therapy (BT) is similar to CBT but concentrates on behavioral procedures used to
normalize eating habits. The major features are regaining control over eating, establishing a regular
pattern of eating, and cessation of

Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder is defined as any range of psychological disorders characterized by abnormal or
disturbed eating habits. In the United States alone, 10 to 20 million men and women have suffered
from an eating disorder. Eating disorders have the highest death rate of any other mental disorder.
Researchers say that one in every ten person who has an eating disorder will die from it. Eating
disorders can kill the victims if it is not treated in time. People who have eating disorders begin to
experience deterioration of their bodies. The two major types of eating disorders are Anorexia
Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa.
One of the descriptions of anorexia nervosa was during the 12th and 13th centuries. A woman, Saint
Catherine of Siena, ceased ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People who suffer from anorexia nervosa obsess over controlling their weight and shape; they also
resort to extreme measures to lose weight that interfere with their everyday life. To stop from
gaining weight people with anorexia restrict their calorie intake and exercise excessively. They burn
more calories than they consume so that they can stay underweight if they are not already. Anorexia
usually develops because of psychological, environmental, and social factors. It can also develop
based on biological factors. People who have a family history of anorexia are more likely to develop
this disorder.
Things like models, magazines, and advertisements can be pressuring to women and cause them to
feel inadequate. Anorexics typically are people who are perfectionists and overachievers.
Twenty–one year old Katie Metcalfe overcame her eating disorder. At the age of 14 her battle with
anorexia began. She says, "I was at a Rudolf Steiner school in Botton Village, near Whitby, in a
class with three other boys. The pressure of being the only girl with hormone–raging teenagers was
enormous. I had no self–confidence, and my body became a focus of paranoia." (Metcalfe, 2014).
The amount of stress in her life made her life more difficult than a typical 14–year–old teenage girl.
Her parents were having trouble in their marriage and they

Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa [also known as Bulimia] is a very serious and dangerous eating disorder. The
disorder can be describe as bingeing and then followed by purging or a person who eats a large
amount of food in short periods of time and then vomits after eating to prevent on gaining the
weight cause by the food. There is different ways of going about ways to prevent the weight gain,
making oneself throw up, taking pills, or laxatives which will increase how fast the food will move
through your body, exercising excessively, eating a little amount or not at all, or taking other pills to
pass urine This disorder is mostly between the ages of 15 and 35, even if they have no specific food
disorders. Studies made in Europe and USA have underlined the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Also in our society there is pressure to be thin and stay thin and to some girls that itself is a huge
issue on what others think.
Many students who participate in sports are very common to have an eating disorder such as
Bulimia Nervosa. There are different sports that it is most common in and they are usually ones with
less clothing or uniforms also. Athletes such as Gymnasts, ice–skaters, ballerinas and even runners
have a very high risk of eating disorders. The effort to please people around another and to have a
perfect body and even coaches suggesting diets for a team or players can lead to eating disorders.
Even sports such as wrestling can have these disorders even though these disorders are less common
in guys because wrestling has a specific weight category. Mostly in guy's sports eating disorders are
unintentionally encouraged because more in boys sport teams they are taught winning is the most
important thing. But when an athlete has an eating disorder it is more harmful because they are
doing so much activity without nutrients and energy and then the performance level with decrease
and injury is more likely to happen.
A person may not be able to tell a person has bulimia from a distance of their looks but there are
many signs that give the disorder away. If you are looking at a person you can tell by their jaws and
cheeks they could be swollen from all the vomiting, if they have cuts, scrapes, and even

Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa
Even though there are many factors that contribute to eating disorders, the media plays an influential
role in the lives of many women. Eating disorders are abnormal and serious disturbances in one 's
eating habits caused by many factors. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two well–known
eating disorders. The causes of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are difficult to understand but
there are a lot of factors that play a role in the development of them. Females are more likely to
develop an eating disorder and heightened concern about weight than males. One of the reasons why
is because girls are convinced that their appearances is the most important way of defining
themselves. The media and the society takes part in why girls believe this. Both affect the way girls
view themselves and their eating habits. "Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by a large
weight loss, a fear of weight gain, and faulty eating patterns." (Ph.D., P. R. 25) Symptoms of this
disorder include the following: dramatic weight loss, refusal to eat foods, fatigue, absence of
menstrual period, and feelings of being fat or over weight even though one is underweight. Athletics
and people who engage in weight and performance activities are more likely to be exposed to the
dangers of eating disorders. (Kaminker 37) Women athletes are developing anorexia because they
are facing pressure from people to lose weight. For example, Christy Henrich, a gymnast, died from
anorexia at a very young

Essay On Bulimia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa is another eating disorder discussed in the DSM–5 (2013), that is most prevalent in
later adolescence and young adulthood in females (p. 437). In order for one to be diagnosed, one
must meet four criterion. Criteria A is recurrent episodes of binge eating characterized by the
following; eating in a discrete period of time (2 hours), and amount of food that is larger than most
individuals would eat in a similar period and the second a sense of lack of control over eating during
the episode (DSM–v, 2013, p. 346). Women who are bulimic tend to eat a vast amount of food in a
short period of time just to purge as a result. This intensity it of consuming, must happen in a
moderate amount of time in order to be considered bulimic. Better understood by Abraham (2008)
she states," an episode of binge eating occurs when the woman's resistance to eating fails and she
has an irresistible desire to eat" (p. 280). This type of behavior represents a sense of lack of control.
Women who binge have a hard time stopping and controlling what and how much they are
consuming.
Unlike Anorexia Nervosa, individuals with bulimia have the capability of recognizing when they are
wrong. Bulimics are typically ashamed of their behaviors and can ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although some characteristics may exist in both disorders, there is certain criterion that makes them
distinct. The huge distinction between the two is the inappropriate compensatory behavior that
Bulimics exhibit (DSM–V, 2013). In other words, people who binge eat don't necessarily result in
getting rid of the food afterward. Another differential diagnosis would be someone who is Anorexia
nervosa, binge eating /purging types. As stated in the DSM–V (2013), "these types of behaviors can
look similar to one who is bulimic in the beginning stage of someone who is anorexic" (p.

Bulimia Nervosa As A Mental Disorder
Bulimia Nervosa was first characterized as a mental disorder in 1979 by Gerald F.M. Russell.
Bulimia nervosa was initially a variant of anorexia nervosa, but now the disease has its own
symptoms, and is distinguished as a psychiatric condition (Palmer, 2005). Bulimia Nervosa seems to
occur in adolescents and women between the ages of 14–40. The percentage of men suffering from
the disease are about 10% (Farrar, 2014).
Patients suffering from the disease place an excessive importance in body image and weight loss.
They will consume an excessive amount of food and feel guilty about it. Then, they try different
methods of getting rid of the food they just consumed. Binge–Eating disorder is a category of
Bulimia Nervosa and there are two subtypes of Binge–eating disorder: Purging and Non purging.
Purging is the process where patients who suffer from Bulimia Nervosa try to get rid of the food
they consumed by using various methods. One of the most common methods is making themselves
vomit the food that they just purged. Others use laxatives as a means to get rid of the substances
(Smith and Segal,2015).
Patients who use the Non purging method tend to exercise excessively to lose weight, and they also
use fasting as a means to lose weight. They do not participate in the purging methods. They instead
use these methods to compensate for the purging (National Mental Health Institute, 2014).
The early diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa was using the DSM–III. The name that was given was

Eating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa
For decades, both men and women have struggled under the pressure of looking a certain way, what
is considered "attractive". The pressure of society 's view of perfection is all around us, whenever
we watch a movie or pick up a magazine. This idea of perfection has driven thousands of
adolescents to turn to eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa. During the time I was bulimic, I
remember watching movies and fashion shows, then looking at myself in the mirror and thinking
"I'm never going to be skinny enough". I now realize how wrong I was for punishing myself like
that and how much damage I was doing to my body. That's why I think it's important for everyone to
read about bulimia, because this disorder may go unobserved for years and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Electrolyte imbalances occur as a result of dehydration and excessive loss of potassium and sodium
levels from the body as a following purging or excessive use of laxatives.
Another major concern is damage to the digestive system as a result of the gastric acid reflux.
Health consequences include inflammation and risk of rupture of the esophagus from frequent
vomiting, tooth decay and staining from stomach acids released during vomiting episodes and
irregular bowel movements and constipation as a result of laxative abuse (Lawson).
There is no single cause for bulimia nervosa. However, there are many risk factors that contribute to
this problem, including low self–esteem and concerns about weight. Other risk factors include
genetic factors like being a female (80% of bulimia patients are female), age (often begins in the
mid–teens or early adulthood), psychological and emotional issues (decreased self–esteem,
impulsive behavior, depression, negative body image), social pressure during teen years and
performance pressure in sports (particularly common among athletes such as gymnastics, ballet
dancers and runners) (Edelstein, Haskew, Kramer, 2009). Parents need to identify possible factors
that place the adolescent at risk for bulimia nervosa and be aware of any changes that may indicate
the presence of an eating disorder.
Warning Signs and Symptoms
According to the National Eating Disorders Association, signs and symptoms of

Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating is a pattern of disordered eating with episodes of uncontrollable eating. There is no
much known evidence however of it association with Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa. The
article whose summary is done here represent the research carried out on some persons who have
either been diagnosed of Bulimia and or Anorexia nervosa. This study tends to interprete their
expereience of binge eating (Karin Eli).
Binge eating is a common symptom of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder and bulimia
nervosa and ANorexia nervosa. During this period, a person rapidly consumes an excessive quantity
of food. Several clinical studies have analyzed binge eating as a response to hunger, negative affect
(stress, anxiety, and low self–esteem), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Likewise, the fullness achieved through a binge was an overwhelmingly felt response to states of
emotional emptiness. These findings suggest that experiences of binge eating constitute a
metaphoric, embodied expression and negotiation of existential states. In the participants' accounts,
emotion and bodily sensation were inseparable; food and eating practices thus provided a literal
expression of states of being, such that, for example, the sense of existential emptiness could and
anorexia nervosa can be strengthened by including the experience of binge eating as a potential
disorder maintaining factor (Karin

Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by an abnormally low body weight,
intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of weight or shape (Mayo). These mental
illnesses can cause serious problems in a person's everyday diet (Mandal). People with anorexia
nervosa refuse to eat, so they generally use different methods to limit their calorie intake to lose
weight. Some methods include excessive exercise, using laxatives, or vomiting after eating. Bulimia
nervosa is another type of eating disorder, characterized by binge eating, consuming large amounts
of food, followed by purging through vomiting or the use of laxatives (page 259). People with this
disorder eat a lot then afterwards they try to get rid of what ... Show more content on
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There are a combination of factors like, family relationships, psychological problems and genetics.
They may have low self–esteem and be preoccupied with having a thin body. In one study
researchers linked anorexia with an obsession with perfectionism. Symptoms of eating disorder in
teens are a distorted body image, skipping most meals, frequent weighting, extreme weight change,
and skin rash or dry skin. Teens with eating disorders are often in denial that anything is wrong, they
may be moody, anxious, depresses. People with anorexia have a real fear of weight gain and a
distorted view of their body size and shape, as a result they eat very little. Many teens with anorexia
restrict their food intake by dieting, fasting or excessive exercise. Bulimia on the other hand,
depending on how extreme over time it can be dangerous both physically and emotionally. It can
lead to compulsive behavior. People with bulimia eat a large amount of food at once (mostly junk
food) they typically fell powerless to stop the eating and only once there're too full to eat any more,
or they may have to go to extreme measures like, vomiting. It seems to be Doctors and treatment
centers that are a major part of people getting better with eating disorders. The treatment centers
have individual and group nutrition sessions, process and trauma groups, and psych–education

The Onset Of Bulimia Nervosa
The purpose of the study is to identify what may be the onset of bulimia nervosa and whether or not
it is related to a person being subjected to criticism based on their weight/ shape and eating habits.
This is the first of studies that take a look at a year prior to having bulimia nervosa. This study was
conducted through a control case study which is a study that looks at both a group that does have a
disorder and a group that does not have the disorder. It also determines if a factor affects either of
the groups and how that factor affects it. The study observed three separate group of women. The
women with eating disorders were recruited from eating disorder treatment settings, which were
women who were previously diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. The healthy women along with
women with a psychiatric diagnosis were recruited from high schools and university campuses. A
total of 180 women were observed. The first group of sixty women was women who had bulimia
nervosa and ranged between the ages of 15– 38. The second group, which were the healthy women,
their age ranged from 15–39. The healthy women reported not being diagnosed with any disorder.
The last group of sixty women's ages ranged from 14–38 and they were diagnosed as having
psychiatric disorders. The study was done on all Caucasian women. Women were excluded if they
were pregnant, had physical conditions or psychosis (mental disorder). For the healthy women, they
were first evaluated with the DSM–IV to determine no

Bulimia Nervosa Comparison

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