Hector Guimard was a French architect known for his Art Nouveau style. He was influenced by Viollet-le-Duc's theories of structural rationalism early in his career as seen in his 1895 school Ecole du Sacre Couer which featured a simple geometric plan and structural expression of materials. After visiting Brussels and seeing Victor Horta's work, Guimard's style evolved to incorporate flowing organic forms and materials like iron, stone, and glass as seen in his iconic Castel Beranger apartment complex of 1894. Later works like his Paris metro entrances from 1899-1905 featured curving spidery designs in iron and glass that came to define the Art Nouveau style.

1. Hector guimard
ARCHITECT D’ART
Ref: http://www.designtop100.com/designer/info/hector-guimard
MADE BY: NALIN BHATIA
ISHITA BHARTIA

2. THE FORMATIVE YEARS
1867
Born in
Lyon
1882-1885
Ecole Nationale
des Arts
Decoratifs Paris
1885
Ecole des
Beaux- Arts
1888
Interiors of
Au Grand
Neptune
Major Event
Around 1893
Visit to Brussels and meeting with Victor Horta

3. INFLUENCES VIOLLET le DUC - French theorist best
known for his work Entretiens.
ANATOLE de BAUDOT – a student of
Viollet and Guimard’s master at Beaux- arts
VICTOR HORTA- Art Nouveau style
architect of Belgian origin
 JAN TOOROP - artist

4. Evolution of Guimard’s Design Style
Ecole du sacre couer (1895)
Style- Structural Rationalism
Inspiration- Viollet- le- Duc ’s
Entretiens
Castel Beranger (1894)
Style- Art Nouveau
Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel
Tassel
Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58
Guimard’s House (1910)
Style- Urban, precisely
assembled brick and
dramatically sculptured
stonework
Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm

5. Castel Henriette (1900)
Style- loose, rustic, mixed media
expression
Ref: http://artnouveau.pagesperso-orange.fr/en/artistes/guimard.htm
Paris metro station entrance (post 1899)
Style- Art Nouveau
Spidery Ferro vitreous

6. Inspiration from viollet-le-duc
In architecture there are two necessary ways of being true. It
must be true according to the programme and true according to
the methods of construction. To be true according to the
programme is to fulfil exactly and simply the conditions imposed
by need; to be true according to the methods of construction, is
to employ the materials according to their qualities and
properties… purely artistic questions of symmetry and apparent
form are only secondary conditions in the presence of our
dominant principles.
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc
Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72 (2)

7. ECOLE DU SACRE COUER
Type of construction:
Original use:
Completed in:
State:
Masonry
Primary school
1895
Partially demolished
1895
The school was built by Hector Guimard for the
buildings Society for Education and Recreation
youth.
1983
The school was destroyed except the lower part of
the façade with its pillars V.
Present
Currently, the school building was converted into
condominiums.
Ref: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/51366740@N07/5054647848/

8. STRUCTURAL RATIONALISM
Ecole du Sacre Couer, Paris, 1895
Hector Guimard
Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, market place
Entretiens sur l’ architecture, 1863-72
Ref: http://www.johnstuartarchitecture.com/Temporary_link_to_past_lectures_and_rosters_files/Lecture%203%20July%201%20Structural%20Rationalism.pdf

9. The façade is of
polychromatic
brick masonry.
Cast iron frame
windows in
pastel green
Elevations of Ecole du Sacre Couer
Ref: http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_p28_rc020702.jpg
Vents with
curvilinear grills
typical of art
nouveau

10. Current condition of Façade of Ecole du Sacre
Couer. The front façade rests on I-girder which is
Supported by V-shaped columns
V support in caste iron of Ecole du
Sacre Couer
Ref: http://berkshirereview.net/2012/09/19/guimard-english/#.UmaJ6BAuu58
Ref:
http://rubens.anu.edu.au/raid2/no_dgb/pics/10/large/guimard_1978_
p29d_rc020702.jpg

11. FEATURES
Arches is brick
masonry supported
on the
main girder
through I-beams
encased in
Stone.
The capitals of the column are ornamented
in typical art nouveau style derived from
nature.
Ref: http://www.destinationeurope.net/hector-guimard-art-nouveau-architecture-in-paris/

12. CASTEL BERANGER
ARCHITECT
LOCATION
BUILDING TYPE
STYLE
YEAR OF COMPLETION
Hector Guimard
Paris, France
Apartment Complex
Art Nouveau
1898
• The Castel Beranger is a six-storey
high tenement of thirty-six
apartments
• Inspiration- Victor Horta’s Hotel
Tassel
• An important transitional work in
his career.
Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773

13. FLOOR PLAN
• The ground floor plan of Castel
Beranger demonstrates Guimard’s
approach to applying Art Nouveau
concepts in the plan.
• The overall plan is asymmetrical.
• The rooms branch off a central
courtyard.
• Each apartment is designed
differently
CENTRAL
COURTYARD
VESTIBULE
Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbcdrawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg
MAIN ENTRANCE

14. ELEVATIONS
http://www.pbase.com/seebee/image/70751992/
original
The elevation also shows that that building is completely asymmetrical. This is shown through different use of materials
throughout the facade and placement varies across the façade. Windows of different shapes and sizes are used.
The structure is embellished by
materials like brick, stone, iron and
ceramics
http://perso.numericable.fr/gv1900/uk_fragrance1900/uk_castelgalerie1.htm

15. Brick masonry
arches
integrated with
rubble
masonry in stone.
Ref: http://perso.numericable.fr/gv1900/uk_fragrance1900/uk_castelgalerie1.htm
Ref:
http://www.pbase.com/seebee/image
/70751992/original

16. FACADE TREATMENT
Hippocampi or mask like figures
on the railing
Curvilinear wrought iron
grills on windows
Cast iron seahorse like
figurines cling to the facade
Ceramic art at the base
of corner windows.
Ref: http://artnouveaugrupo9.blogspot.in/2012/01/arquitectura-castel-beranger-por-hector.html

17. Arch resting
on two
Stone
columns
Stencilled ceiling with
Curvy whiplash lines.
http://www.arrowsandicons.com/articles/
master-craftsmen-hector-guimard/
Cast iron retaining
bars forming an arch
show patterns from
Nature.
Molded
Terracotta
Tiles
THE VESTIBULE
http://www.essential-architecture.com/
ARCHITECT/ARCH-Guimard.htm
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sokleine/865
9133061/
http://njitarch382.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/andrew
_burke_and_steve_fonseca_analysis_page_2.jpg
ART NOUVEUA ELEMENTS
Asymmetrical
wrought iron gate
showing curvy and
whiplash lines
The base and capital of the
columns are sculpted in such a
manner that they seem to
grow out of the stone itself.
ENTRY GATE

18. http://njitarch382.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/andrew_b
urke_and_steve_fonseca_analysis_page_2.jpg
http://jewelyettofind.blogspot.in/2012/09/hector-guimardlegacy-part-2.html
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Categor
y:Castel_B%C3%A9ranger
Stained glass windows
http://www.flickr.com/photos/sokleine/
8660608803/in/photostream/lightbox/
Curvilinear lines incorporated
even in elements such as
balustrades and door handles
Brick and stone texture on exteriors
with cast iron pastel green window
frames again with curvaceous lines.

19. JAN TOOROP INFLUENCE
Jon Toorop Dutch
Indonesian
artist
 Graphic artist
for Horta (2)
The three brides
Ref: http://www.oilpainting-frame.com/picture/image-34007.htm

20. Analysis of Plan
 Simple
geometrical
plan
 True to program
as per
Entretiens
 Presence of
Vestibule
Ground Floor and Mezzanine plan
Hotel Tassel- Victor Horta 1893
Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Ground Floor plan of Castel
Beranger Hector Guimard
Ref: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbcdrawing.cgi/Castel_Beranger.html/Castel_Beranger_Plan.jpg

21. Interior Analysis
 Same serpentine
natural forms
 Material used is iron
Bottom of Staircase Hotel Tassel
Victor Horta
Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Main Staircase of Castel Beranger
Hector Guimard
Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox

22. Entry Gate
Castel Beranger
Window
Castel Beranger
Ref: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/5480999449/lightbox/
Door
Hotel Tassel
Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm

23. Exterior Façade Analysis
 Stone Façade
 Exposed Iron
elements
 Iron Bay
window
Hotel Tassel
Victor Horta
Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
Castel Beranger
Hector Guimard
Ref: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/castel-beranger-profile-38773

24. Ref: http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/victor_horta_tassel.htm
 Exposed iron
 Natural Forms
on terraces
Hotel Tassel
Victor Horta
Ref: http://artnouveaugrupo9.blogspot.in/2012/01/arquitectura-castelberanger-por-hector.html
Exterior ornamentation
Castel Beranger
Hector Guimard

25. PARIS METRO ENTRANCES
LOCATION
DATE
BUILDING TYPE
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
CONTEXT
STYLE
•
Paris, France
1899 to 1905 timeline
Light rail rapid transit stations
Iron and glass
Urban
Art Nouveau
Guimard's greatest success here was his famous
entrances to the Paris Métro, based on the
ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.
•
The Métro designs remain among the most
recognizable and admired Art Nouveau examples
and have been faithfully restored and reproduced
Ref: http://www.macklowegallery.com/education.asp/art+nouveau/Artist
Biographies/antiques/Decorative+Artists/education/Hector+Guimard/id/25
in cities and museums outside of Paris.

26. METRO ENTRANCES
OPEN TYPE
COVERED TYPE
Bréguet-Sabin Metro Station
Porte Dauphine metro station
ENCLOSED TYPE
Abbesses metro station
Guimard designed 3 types of entrance. Built in cast iron, they make heavy reference to the
symbolism of plants. 141 entrances were constructed between 1900 and 1912, of which 86
still exist.
Ref: http://viaggiviniecucine.blogspot.in/2011/06/great-free-walking-tours-of-paris.html

27. FEATURES
The open type entrance features stem like
posts holding red shade lamps which seem
like tulips
Ref: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/artnouveau/9b.html
The railing present in the
open and covered types
depict a shield.

28. Ref: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Paris_metro_entrance_Sainte-Opportune.jpg
Glass covering on closed type
Glass covering on covered type

29. Bibliography
 Duncan, Alistair. Art Nouveau. London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., June 1994. ISBN 0500202737
 Frampton, Keneth. K Modern Architecture. 3rd edition, London. Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1992.
ISBN 0500202575
 Ayers, Andrew. The Architecture of Paris: An Architectural Guide. Axel Menges. Stuttgart, 2004.
ISBN 393069896X
 Bucknall, Benjamin. Discourses on Architecture, Grove Press, New York, 1959.
 Hector Guimard. Architect.<http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/place-london/plain/A673562>.
 Biography of Hector Guimard.<http://hublotiere.free.fr/english/guimard.html>.
 Pile, John F. A History of Interior Design. Laurence King Publishing, 2005. ISBN 0471464341.