1) Periglaciation refers to areas near glaciers where permafrost and frost action shape the landscape. 2) Processes like frost heave and contraction sorting stones and forming stone polygons, stripes and patterns on the ground surface. 3) Pingos are mound-like hills up to 50 meters high formed when frozen cores of ice expand upwards due to hydrostatic pressure beneath insulating layers.

1. PERIGLACIATIONM J Rollins(Muppetmaster)

2. Distribution of Permafrost

3. Periglaciation:- Permafrost“near to or on the fringe of an ice mass”Active LayerContinuous PermafrostTalik

4. Periglaciation:- Distribution of PermafrostLower Angle of incidence = less sunlightUK Lat

5. Periglacial Processes and Features

6. Processes and FeaturesIce crystals and lensesSorted Stone Polygons(stone circles)About 1 metre acrossFrost heave pushes stones to the surface which roll down the sides.

7. Processes and FeaturesStonesGround Surface due to heaveThe soil and stones move upwards due to ice crystal and frost heaveGround Level in WinterGround Level in SummerFrost HeaveThe soil move downwards due to melting but ice crystal beneath stones stop them returning to original position. Ground Level in SummerStones roll down to the bottom of the slope forming a circle.

8. Processes and FeaturesStone StripesStone Circles form on a gentle slope and slowly move down the slope, stretching the circles into lines. Image pulling an elastic band!!!!

9. Processes and FeaturesStone StripesStone Circles form on a gentle slope and slowly move down the slope, stretching the circles into lines. Image pulling an elastic band!!!!

10. Processes and FeaturesGround ContractionIce Wedges and patterned ground

11. Processes and FeaturesFreezing of Ground WaterPingos50 m high500 m diameter

12. Pingo not Pingue

13. Processes and FeaturesPingosFrozen lake insulates groundUnfrozen TalikPermafrostPermafrostICE COREIce coreAdvancing PermafrostAdvancing PermafrostIce core expands upwards due to increased hydrostatic pressure

14. Processes and FeaturesPingos

15. Processes and FeaturesCollapsed PingoAs the rupture Pingos ice core is subjected to heat it collapses, creating Collapsed Pingo

16. Processes and FeaturesWater enters cracks and joints, freezes, expands (9%) repeatedly causing rock to frost shatter.WeatheringPhysical WeatheringFrost shattering creates a Sea of Rock called a FELSEN MEER

17. Processes and FeaturesMass MovementSolifluction LobesSoil CreepSoil thaws, becomes waterlogged and lobes of soil move down slope slowly.