How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication

How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication
Modbus is a type of communication among many devices connected to the same network, for example a system that measures temperature and
humidity and communicates the results to a computer. Modbus is often used to connect a supervisory computer with a remote terminal unit (RTU) in
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. [17]
In simple words, it can be explained as a method used for transmitting information over the lines between electronic devices. The device asks the
information is called the Modbus Master and the devices supply information is Modbus Slaves. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Master
and up to 247 Slaves, each with a unique Slave Address from 1 to 247. The Master can also write information to the... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This number tells the slave which table to be accessed. It also decides whether to read from or write to the table.
3.2 Internet Protocol
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer (known as a
host) on the Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.[18]
While data transferred in a network, is sent or received(for simple understanding, an e–mail note or a Web page), the message is divided into little
pieces called packets. Each of these packets includes both the sender 's internet address and also the receiver 's internet address. A packet is firstly
sent to a gateway computer which is the first station of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an
higher gateway which reads the destination address and transfer it over the internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer
within its area or domain. The packet then is sent by gateway directly to the computer which address is specified.
3.2.1 Subnet
A subnet represents all the devices found at one location. It can be a building or the same local area network (LAN). If a company 's network are
divided into subnets that allows everyone to connect to the Internet with a single shared network address. If there is no
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Differences Between Wi Fi And Bluetooth From A...
FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Q/NoCONTENTPage number
1. What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4?
2. What are the likely impacts of Internet2 on business?
3. Discuss the differences between Wi–Fi and Bluetooth from a consumer standpoint.
4. What are the differences in static and dynamic addressing?
5. References
QUESTIONS
1.What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4?
2.What are the likely impacts of Internet2 on business?
3.Discuss the differences between Wi–Fi and Bluetooth from a consumer standpoint.
4.What are the differences in static and dynamic addressing?
1.Question: What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4?
It is no doubt that almost everybody hears about IP address. Nowadays it is widely spread all over the world. IP address is shortened form of Internet
Protocol (IP) address. A TCP/IP network is identified by IP address for device or computer. Internet and devices are connected with each other
through IP protocol with sending information to each of them IP address. The IP address is not in computer, router, it is in field of interface.
Nowadays we have got two types of IP address. These are IPv4( fourth generation of Internet protocol) and IPv6( sixth generation of Internet protocol).
IPv4 consists of 32–bit. Bit express zero and one

Network Analysis : Riordan Manufacturing
Network analysis
In 1991 Dr. Riordan created Riordan Manufacturing which is a Company that produces all kind of plastics. Riordan currently has a location in
Hangzhou China and is moving that location to Shanghai China. In this analysis I will cover communication protocols and their importance, rationale
for design protocols, overall network architecture, how a traffic analysis is used, jitter, response time, and latency, along with their effect on a network.
Also discussed is data rates and their effect on each part of the network with strategies to ensure availability with router and switch networks.
For nodes to communicate effectively over communication network some standards need to be considered. These standards are what we call ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Riordan will utilize common protocols including File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Transfer Control Protocol/IP (TCP/IP), User Datagram Protocol
(UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Post Office Protocol (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP). In any network design the choice of communication protocols dictates the types of computers used and other network processors. Majorly
TCP/IP has replaced old protocols such as IPX/SPX and NetBEUI which are obsolete.
Overall Network Architecture
Current network design that Riordan is using is a LAN design. The server and backup server all located outside of the building location. The
internet provider connects to the router and firewall directing the connection to the servers which then connects to the company LAN. Using a LAN
is good for Riordan because it is one office building and LANs are used for a small network and are good for sharing files, printers and other
applications (Mitchell, 2016). Riordan also currently uses a ring topology that is common for LAN networks. Riordan choose to use a ring topology
for its current location because it's a well–organized topology, it also allows for each computer to have equal access to all resources and it has good
performance.
Network architecture refers to structural, physical and logical layout of a communication network with relation to communication protocols,
information transmission mode either wired or wireless technology

Essay The Innovation of TCP/IP
This paper is about a computer pioneer before the 1990s. A computer pioneer is someone who has had an impact in the development or improvement
of the computer. The paper will discuss the computer pioneer's legacy and how it has affected the change of computers. The topic of this paper is TCP
/IP and their designers, Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn.
TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, which is the protocol of the Internet. In a private network, TCP/IP can be used as
a communications protocol; the TCP/IP can either be an intranet or extranet. A computer is provided with a copy of the TCP/IP program when it is set
up with direct access to the Internet. ("What Is TCP/IP")
TCP/IP is a two–layer program. The higher ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("What Is TCP/IP") The foundation of an inter–networking design is TCP/IP. TCP/IP is an open and efficient protocol of the Internet, which has made
it the most widely used network protocol in the world. ("TCP/IP Internet Protocol.")
Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf are the designers of TCP/IP. However, Kahn was the one who laid the open architecture foundations for TCP/IP, which
provided the Internet with one of its most distinctive features. ("Robert Kahn, TCP/IP Co–Designer.")
Robert Kahn helped build the Interface Message Processor when he worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman. In 1972, Robert Kahn was hired by
Lawrence Roberts at the IPTO to work on networking techniques. In October, Kahn gave a demonstration of an ARPANET network, which connected
40 different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference. This made the network widely known around the world. ("Robert
Kahn, TCP/IP Co–Designer.")
Robert Kahn also worked on other projects at IPTO. He worked on an existing project that established a satellite packet network. Kahn also initiated a
project to establish a ground–based radio packet network. After working on these projects, Robert Kahn was convinced that there was a need for
development of an open–architecture network model. With an open–architecture network, any

Unit 9 P5 : Describe Typical Services Provided By Networks
Unit 9 P5
Describe typical services provided by networks.
Directory services
What are directory services?
What directory services are that they are software systems that can store, organise and can provide access to directory information so it can combine
network resources. Directory services can map the network names of network resources to network addresses and create a naming structure for
networks.
Domain name server
What a Domain Name Serve (DNS) is that it is the internet's equivalent of a phone book. They maintain a directory of domain names and change them
into internet protocols (IP) addresses. A domain name server is a protocol within a set of standards on how computers can exchange data on the
internet and on multiple private networks, this is also known as the TCP/IP protocol suite.
What are telecommunication services?
What telecommunications services are that all of these services can be accessed on the internet such as email and social networking and
telecommunication services provides users to communicate with each other. A telecommunications service is a service provider by a
telecommunications provider or it can even be a specified set of user information which has transfer capabilities which are given by a group of users by
a telecommunications system.
Email
In terms of telecommunication email shows a form of communication through the use of electronic mail. Users on a computer can log into their email
account such as Gmail and send an email to a person by

Unit 3 Computer Networks P1
Assignment 1
Task 1 (P1, P3, P5 and M1)
P1 – Computer Networks
Different Types of Communication Devices
Devices
Router
A router is a network device that routes packets to networks other than its own. Routers are almost like a bridge between networks. Most home use
routers to connect their local network (their LAN) to the Internet (which is a wide–area network) with all–in–one devices with routers, modems and
wireless access points built in.
Routers decide where the best route to a destination is using a file called the "routing table", which has a list of different ways to get to one direction,
quantified by the metric, which determines the distance of the path to travel so the router can efficiently pick the best path to use.
Modem
Modems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expenses / Cost
The set–up of a wireless network will generally rely on the cost of wireless routers, wireless network adapters for every device, wireless access points
(WAP) spread across the locations and installation fees. This works out to be more expensive than a wired network.
Relatively cheaper but can be costly depending on the type of wired connections used and installation fees. However, Ethernet, copper cables and
switches are less expensive as opposed to the features required for a wireless network. Fibre optic cables can be a lot more expensive, but the price of
installation and cable vary based on needs, area of installation and metre coverage.
Installation
Installation of wireless networks are relatively easy – they often simply involve playing a wireless access point in a place where the signal reaches the
most areas. In more advanced installations, it is common to use a radio mapper to determine where the signal does and does not reach, for practicality
and security reasons. The power of the router is important to consider and often can be adjusted on the software side to suit the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ftp
As today's communications is hard to imagine without an internet and file transfers. One of the oldest protocols: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) lies
as a foundation in transferring files, as the user interface to the protocol from remote sites over the internet. The main objective of FTP is sharing of
files by encouraging implicit use of remote computers. The data is been transferred reliably and efficiently irrelevant to the number of host systems,
file sizes and file types. FTP works over the architectures: the successful file transfer doesn't depend upon the source and destination of the file. To
ensure that there is no loss of data in the transferring; FTP uses reliable Transmission Control Protocol at transport layer. In recent years, graphical
implementation of FTP is introduced to allow users for transferring the files using mouse clicks instead of commands. The biggest benefit of FTP is it
can handle transferring of large files which cannot be done through E–mail systems. Therefore, the security aspect in the field of FTP has different
perspectives from different available security protections that are present in real world. Similar to the HTTP protocol FTP also uses a single socket
for both signaling and the actual data, but with a separate socket for download FTP uses an out–of–band control which is not featured by HTTP. FTP
uses open data format, the data... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Symmetric encryption has five ingredients as follows. Plain text: This is the original data that is intelligible and is given as input to the algorithm
Cipher text: This is the output of the algorithm which is unintelligible and scrambled according to the encryption key. Secret key: It is the key that is
being shared between sender and receiver and is also used in the input to the algorithm. Encryption algorithm: This performs different operations and
transformations on the plain text to encode, which inturn converts into cipher

VoIP: A New Frontier for Security and Vulnerabilities Essay
VoIP: A New Frontier for Security and Vulnerabilities
Introduction to Voice over IP Technology
The promise of extremely cheap telephone service, utilizing the Internet to transmit voice, has made voice over IP an attractive and profitable idea.
Vonage (http://www.vonage.com/) and other service providers entice consumers by charging a flat, monthly rate for unlimited long distance in the U.S.
and Canada; the rate is often less than it would cost for a regular phone line without any long distance charges. An entity with an enormous call volume,
such as a worldwide retail corporation, could benefit from tremendous cost savings by transitioning all of its telephony networks to VoIP.... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
H.323 utilizes unicast and multicast on UDP port 1718 to locate the gateway; then remote access service (RAS) is started on UDP port 1719. H.225
and H.245 are also used for call signaling over TCP port 1720 and data transmission over TCP ports 1000 through 65535 (Mullins, 2005).
Security Concerns
As with any new technology of the Information Age which has had groundbreaking implications for the way we communicate electronically, IT
managers have been wise to greet voice over IP with some skepticism. After all, VoIP is a service that utilizes theInternet to transmit data, much like
web browsers, email, or any other networked application. In that case, security should definitely be a major concern for anyone who is considering the
adoption of VoIPtelephone service. As Korzeniowski (2005) writes, "VoIP features all of the security problems inherent with IP communications and
adds a few new items to the mix."
The Internet
The benefits that voice over IP offer must be acknowledged with these security concerns in mind. Unfortunately for simplicity's sake, VoIP is not just a
replacement for traditional phone systems operating on the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). Indeed, we often take for granted the security
we enjoy on the PSTN, which is by nature more secluded than Internet transmissions. A dedicated circuit handles only the

The Growth Of The Internet
environment and include a brief comparison of different approaches.
With the growth of the internet comes a great deal of electronic commerce, neatly and commonly referred to as E–Commerce. This concept is a fast
growing industry that allows its participants to buy or sell products and services to each other using electronic devices via the Internet. With this
increasingly huge industry comes a danger of security among its users. It is quite a concern to the general public that they may have their personal and
financial information leaked through the internet from security threats. To counteract these threats, we must not overlook a few fundamental elements
of transaction security, typically generalized as:
–confidentiality
–integrity
–authentication
–availability
–non–repudiation
–authorization
Confidentiality is an element defined by the protection of a user's information from other parties than the recipient. Integrity enables the recipient to
ensure that the information provided to them by any sender is correct and accurate. This element is usually confused with confidentiality because it is
often involved in the same technologies as confidentiality. Authentication is the confirmation of a user, typically to ensure that they or their data is
authentic, i.e. safe. Availability, usually associated with online stores, ensure that certain information– or in the case of online stores; that products or
services – are ready and in stock before a transaction takes

Internet : The Eyes Of A Router
From The Eyes of a Router
Router devices have become popular in the networking world today. Routers are devices that forward data packets along networks. Often, they are
used for small to medium networks, and overall prove efficient for users. Routers are now considered vital to the internet as well as many home and
small business networks. The Internet is one of the 20th century 's best developments because it allows people worldwide to conduct e–mails and
communicate back and forth in a timely manner, view web pages, make purchases, view videos, have live chat, and keep up to date with certain
people on web pages such as Facebook. The internet is now considered a means of communication. Many people are all so accustomed to a computer ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When one of the graphic designers sends a file to the other, the very large files will exhaust most of the network 's volume, making the network
operate very slowly for other users on the network. One reason that a single intensive user can affect an entire network deals with the way Ethernet
works. Each packet of information sent from a computer is seen by all other computers on the local network. Each computer then has to verify the
packet and decides whether it was intended for its address. This helps keep the straightforward idea of the network simple, but has performance
issues as the size network size or level of network activity increases. To keep the graphic designers' work from interfering with the production line
computers, the business sets up two separate networks. One network is for the animators and other for the production line assistants. A router links
these two networks and connects both networks to the Internet. The router is the only device which views every message sent by any computer on
any network within a company. When one of the graphic designers sends a large file to the other graphic designer, the router checks the recipient 's
address and keeps the traffic on the graphic designer's network. But when a graphic designer sends a message to the production assistant's e–mail in the
other network, the router recognizes the recipient 's address and forwards the message between the two networks to the correct

Is Wireshark A Network Packet Analyzer?
Wireshark is considered to be a network packet analyzer, which tries to capture network packets and displays the data about the packet as detailed
as possible. The network packet analyzer can be viewed as a measuring device used to examine what is happening inside a network cable, similar
to how a voltmeter is used to examine what's going on inside an electric cable. Wireshark captures live packet data from a network interface, which
can be used to interpret the information about a packet by displaying the source of the packet, the destination of the packet, the protocol used, and
a description of what the packet is. This information can be useful to an administrator because it allows them to see what is going on in their
network. If there are any packets that seem to be altered or incorrect, an administrator can track the packet to find out where it is coming from and
what the packets intent truly is. Wireshark can also allow administrators to track down where an error is happening which can help them fix the
issue by finding the destination of the packet, which may reveal a problem with a system or software on their end. Wireshark can also be used to
save packets of data, which will allow administrators to see how a packet is supposed to behave and if it ever behaves differently, it will tell them that
something is either wrong with the packet that was received or that there is possibly an issue with the way the hardware is interpreting the packet.
Wireshark is very useful

Defining Firewalls And Vpns. What Is A Firewall And How...
Defining Firewalls and VPNs
What is a firewall and how does it work?
Many internet users are concerned about internet safety. A way to combat potential security breaches is to use a firewall. A firewall can be a hardware
device or a program and it is used to filter any information that comes through any internet connection to your private network or computer system.
Harmful information can be flagged by the firewall program and not be allowed to continue through. Firewalls use up to three different ways to
control the information coming into and out of the network. The first method is called packet filtering. Packets are little manageable block of
information that are then scrutinized through a set of filters. The ones that make it past the filters are sent along their way and anything else is
immediately discarded. The next method is called proxy service which allows the firewall to retrieve requested information and send it to its
destination. The last method is called stateful inspection or "stateful filtering", which is more like packet filtering, only it doesn't examine the whole
packet (ISA, 2007). This method only examines certain parts of the individual packets and then compares it to a database of trusted information. A
firewall can also be customized to block certain IP addresses and domain names and be configured to obey certain protocols. There are many different
types of protocols depending on what it is protecting. For example, File Transfer protocol is

Riordan Security Issues
Running head: WEB SECUIRTY ISSUES AND CONCERNS
CMGT 440 – Introduction to Information Systems Security
University of Phoenix
Abstract
Introduction
Riordan manufacturing is a plastic injection molding company based in San Jose. The company also has various operations in 3 other Michigan cities
as well as one overseas office in China. "Riordan has a 46 million annual earning" and their major customers are automotive parts manufacturers,
aircraft manufacturers, the Department of Defense, beverage makers, bottlers, and appliance manufacturers", (UOP Virtual Organization, 2006). This
company was started by a chemistry professor in 1993 and has expanded over the last 7 years. In 2006 Riordan has projected to increase their ... Show
The network is currently running on Windows NT servers (University of Phoenix, 2006). An upgrade toWindows Server 2003 is suggested because it
has better security built in than Windows NT servers. Using Windows Server 2003 theInternet Connection Firewall (ICF) can be enabled. The ICF,
when enabled is designed to monitor the destination and source of IP addresses that come and go through the Internet. The ICF also discourages
port scanning through the internet connection (Palmer, 2003). A border gateway should be established to control the traffic that is allowed to cross
the border from any direction. The border gateway will block communications from any IP addresses where problems have arose in the past. The
gateway could also block any computer outside the network unless permission is given from inside the network. Packet filtering can also be enabled
to block or allow packets from specified protocols (Palmer, 2003).
Pontiac, Michigan Plant The Pontiac, Michigan plant utilizes an internet protocol (IP) wide area network to transmit data to and receive it from the
San Jose (headquarters) and to the manufacturing floor. In order to protect the data from eavesdropping, the first line of defense is to encrypt the data.
There are a myriad of encryption tools to accomplish this. Next, Riordan must protect the network from intrusion. To accomplish this, the Pontiac plant

Bus 365 Wk 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5
BUS 365 WK 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 – All Possible Questions
To Purchase Click Link Below: http://strtutorials.com/BUS–365–WK–4–Quiz–3–Chapter–45–All–Possible–Questions–BUS3655.htm BUS 365 WK 4
Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 – All Possible Questions Chapter 04
Multiple Choice
1. Connectivity and mobility are __________ issues.
a) 4G
b) network
c) Wi–Fi
d) social media 2. 4G networks are __________.
a) owned by Sprint
b) based on satellite transmission
c) hybrid analog networks
d) purely digital networks 3. Why did the New Mexico Department of Transportation start offering passengers free public 4GWiMAX Internet to make
public transportation more attractive to commuters?
a) To assist with New Mexico's goal to become a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b) vendor competition.
c) multitasking mobile devices.
d) overall increased speed of business. 17. __________ is a technology that allows computers to share a network or internet connection wirelessly
without the need to connect to a commercial network.
a) RFID
b) LTE
c) WiMAX
d) Wi–Fi 18. All of the following describe WiMAX except:
a) an 802.16–based broadband wireless metropolitan area network (MAN) access standard.
b) can deliver voice and data services without the expense of cable.
c) has shorter distance limitations than DSL and cable.

d) does not require a clear line of sight to function. 19. Which is not one of the general types of mobile networks?
a) Bluetooth
b) wide area networks (WANs)
c) WiMAX
d) local area networks (LANs) 20. __________ are built by attaching a wireless access point (WAP) to the edge of the wired network.
a) WLANs
b) WiMAX
c) Wi–Fi hot spots
d) Base stations 21. __________ is key to success in everything from business partnerships to personal and professional relationships.
a) Access to mobile networks
b) Effective communication
c) Real–time decision making capability
d) The Internet 22. An enterprise's network capability depends on all of the following except:
a) proper planning.
b) upgrades.
c) open culture.
d) bandwidth.
23. An enterprise's collaboration capability depends on:
a) proper planning.
b) upgrades.
c) open culture.
d)

Network Networks And The Internet
Without the modern router, the internet as we know it today would not be possible. Routers interconnect smaller network segments known as LANs
(Local Area Networks) by filtering and passing small packets of data to other routers outside of the LAN across a series of physical media. This
topology, where multiple LANs are physically connected, is referred to as a WAN or Wide Area Network. This basic operation of packet forwarding
forms the foundation of the internet.
Originally the Internet began as the ARPANET (A project, funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, to maintain lines of communication in
case of nuclear war) and routers were known as IMPs or Interface Message Processors. IMPs were the first of their kind to be able to connect
networks of different types. These devices were a major breakthrough at the time even though they still did not contain the robust functionality of
modern router or even the reliability of TCP/IP which had not been invented yet. The next significant breakthrough occurred when the next generation
of routers were developed by researchers at MIT and Stanford Universities in the early 80's. These routers incorporated multi–protocol compatibility
which allowed different vendor networks to be able to communicate which each other. This was significant at the time because not all networks used
TCP/IP, in fact very few even did. This development caused a boom in the industry and essentially started the rise of the digital age.
Modern

Nt1330 Unit 1 Assignment
Organizations with Liux OS as their server platform might use all of these as their primary nework services.
DNS (Domain Name System) : used to translate the internet protocol services. Stand–alone daemon run by script named.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol): Stand alone network service used to assign the ip address and other related configuration automatically.
FTP (File transfer protocol): Very secure file transfer protocol for Linux.
NFS (Network File System): File server for UNIX system.
SAMBA : Samba service is necessary to share files between Linux and Windows system. Also used to configure domain controller and wins server.
NIS (Network Information System) – Directory service used to create authentication server.
Apache (HTTPD

Bit 575 Business Network Systems Management
BIT 575 Business Network Systems Management
Research Paper
IPv6 migration, transformation, and configuration
By Punit Parwani
Minot State University Minot, ND
2016
Abstract
A Global transition to Internet Protocol version 6 is initiated. The government and organizations understand the benefits of this new protocol and are
making change plans. The Information technology industry is undergoing a massive transformation. This research paper would outline the migration,
transformation, and configuration of Internet Protocol version 6 from Internet Protocol version 4. Currently; we are close to exhausting a lot of our
options regarding current Internet Protocol version 4 addresses. The new Internet ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The networks combine IP with a higher–level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol. This protocol establishes an implicit connection between
a destination and the origin. Internet Protocol can be correlated to a postal system network. It grants an entity to address a parcel, packet or mail and
drop it in the postal system. There is no direct link between the consignor and the recipient.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the primary network communication, language since the mid–1990s. It can be passed down as a
communications protocol in a private network. The TCP/IP is a two–layered protocol. The Transmission Control Protocol is the higher layer which
administers the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets. These packets are transmitted over the Internet. The packets are amassed and
reassembled into the primary message after being received by the TCP layer. The Internet Protocol is the lower layer. This layer monitors the address
part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination. The TCP/IP establishes an intermediary between two hosts so that they can send messages
back and forth for a period of time.
Internet Protocol Versions
Tout de suite there are two versions of Internet Protocols on the web. The predominant version isIPv4 and a leading–edge advanced version which is
called IPv6. The IPv6 is an evolutionary enhancement to the Internet

Ipv6 Transition
Abstract
The rapid diffusion of the Internet and development of high speed broadband networks have posed the problem of inadequate IPv4 address space on
the Internet. Moreover, this lack of address space has been made worse by the progress made towards the ubiquitous network society, in which various
types of information equipment, mobile computers and electrical appliances communicate on the internet. IPv6 was developed as a solution to this
problem. In this paper I discussed various features provided by IPv6 over IPv4 in terms of improved security, lower administration cost, QoS options,
mobility, auto configuration, and peer–to–peer capability etc. The transition mechanisms in use today are discussed in details. I have conducted a ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important to understand that no matter what technology dominate the market today; tomorrow it will have to be upgraded to fulfil the demand.
When IPv4 was developed it was the latest protocol to meet the demand of the time. Since the time has changes so has the demand, the need for
change was inevitable. IPv6 introduced the features like increased address space allocation, stateless address configuration etc which have taken the
limit of internet protocol to the edge. The reason behind choosing the topic of the evolution of internet protocol is to gain detailed knowledge on IP
and its purpose and also discuss the issues related to the transition of IPv4 to IPv6. Besides the need for the transition and the transition mechanisms
will be discussed.
3 Scope of the Research
To conduct the research I will survey on three leading ISPs from Bangladesh. It would have been much more informative if an interview could have
been carried out in person. But since it couldn't be done I will prepare a questionnaire to conduct a survey which will find out the current structure of
the organisations and how the transition can be done.
1. Brief History of Internet
The internet has revolutionized the computer and the communications like nothing else. It is the capability of broadcasting world– wide, a mechanism
for sending information in different formats and the medium of collaboration and interaction between individuals and their communication devises
regardless of

The Impact Of Modern Day Internet On Our Daily Lives Essay
HExecutive Summary
If we go back to history, two decades ago, people used primitive message boards or emails to talk to one another and a business would communicate
via text–ads or pop–ups on search engine/directory like Yahoo. (Bolman, 2015, Para 4) Then in 1997, two Stanford Ph.D. students invented an
algorithm named PageRank. The PageRank calculated the importance of the website based on how often other sites would link to it. Later, with the
introduction of 'Google,' the first wave of technology began. This invention put the modern day internet in motion. (Bolman, 2015, Para 5) This essay
paper is about the modern day internet and the technological uses in our daily lives. This paper will take a closer look at how we communicate on the
internet and discusses about the major network building blocks and their functions, including some vulnerabilities associated with the internet software
applications.
How we communicate on the internet
In 1969, DOD's ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency) began an effort to develop redundant and survivable strategic communication
architecture. (APUS, n.d., Week 1 Lesson) This DOD attempt gave birth to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP). TCP /IP soon
found its widespread uses in the web and many networking applications (because they were very reliable and effective). TCP/IP made "web–enabled"
devices possible. In addition, TCP/IP would connect to the internet (if desired) for remote

Internet And Local Security Applications And Protocols
Ian Robbins
Mr. Christian
Computer Applications
31 March 2015
Many things will be discussed in this essay. This essay will cover the topic of knowledge of basic internet and local security applications and protocols,
including highвЂђsecurity password generation. First, this essay will tell you things about the internet such as when it was created and who created it.
Key terms of the internet will be discussed too. Mainly the most important but basic key terms of the internet, however. Also, this essay will tell you
the importance of security applications and protocols. Security applications and protocols are crucial for the use of computers and internet.
Furthermore, this essay will tell you about many of the security applications and protocols out there and tell you what many of them do. Finally, this
essay will explain what a high security password is, its importance and how to even make a high security password.
The internet, in fact, has not been around for too long. The internet was invented in 1969, meaning the internet has only been around for roughly
forty–two years. However, many people did not have access to the internet for a while after it was invented. No single person really had access to the
internet because the internet was created by the U.S. government organization D.O.D for government use only. So, there is no single inventor of the
internet. When invented in 1969, the internet was actually called ARPA, an acronym which stood for Advanced Research Projects

Why Ipv6 May Be Adopted Later Rather Than Sooner
By this report I would like to explain the reasons for why IPV6 may be adopted later rather than sooner. This report provides an information about
what is IP, brief background on next version of IP, IPv6. A review of the differences between IPv4 and IPV6, transition to ipv6, the features and
benefits of IPv6,barriers of IPV6,what are the risks will occur while moving to IPV6 from IPV4.
(IP)Internet Protocol:
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the most broadly utilized protocol as a part of web communications because of its consistent communication technology .
such a variety of individuals are relying upon the protocol, because of the security examinations the IP got numerous patches and modification as it has
been sent comprehensively.
The present utilizing IP forms are IPv4 and IPv6 .Due to a few limitations of IPv4, IPv6 was created
IPV4 Limitations :
The principle purpose behind IPV4 tiredness arrives are more number of web clients and this number is expanding day by day ,obviously the cell
phones which are utilizing web connections are additionally expanding excessively .
Most of the present IPv4 usage must be configured either physically or utilizing a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). so there is a
requirement for straightforward and more programmed designs because of more PCs and devices utilizing IP.
At the Internet layer there is a prerequisite of extra security solution (IPv6 features concepts and configurations) so all the above limitations of

Ipv4 : Ipv6 And Ipv6
IPv4 VS IPv6
Team:
Chad Bourque
Jaime Kanashiro
Siddique Chaudhry
IT 300–002
Vera Goodacre
3 December 2014
Introduction
IPv6 or Internet Protocol Version 6 is the most recent update to Internet protocol that will be replacing Internet Protocol Version 4 in the near future.
This new Internet protocol is the successor of the now almost obsolete IPv4 [6]. The statistics of IPv6 compared to IPv4 is amazing and to be honest
mind blowing. IPv6 is significantly greater than version 4 in all of the categories it is compared in. Although IPv6 isn't succeeding IPv4, it is clearly
the significantly upgraded version and something the growing technological world needs. IPv6 was officially launched on June 6, 2012 [7]. Only one
year into its launch, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Internet Protocol is one of the fundamental protocols that are needed in order to communicate over the Internet. In early 1990s, it became apparent that
when the Web kept developing at the rate it was, the IPv4 addresses would be exhausted by no time. Some short–term answers were provided, such as
NAT (Network Address Translator) or CIDR (Classless Inter Domain Routing), but there was a new work in progress, IPv6 [9]. The key reason for a
brand new edition of the IPv4 was to administer a solution to the IP address limit issue. Additionally, the sole sort of traffic that came about on the next
two decades before was flexible traffic, such as e–mails or record transfers
[9]. Such traffic was really volatile regardless of system problems. IPv6 was made for effortlessly promoting flexible and inflexible traffic [9]. The
objectives of IPv6 were to help scale, protect, and transmit media. Unlike IPv4, IPSec help has turned into a necessity in the IPv6 header [9].
Ultimately, IPv6 needs number guide setting or DHCP, that 'll become crucial as the amount of nodes increases [9]. Over all, IPv6 was cautiously
considered, and was made with potential purposes in mind.
IP addresses are very important when it comes to communications. Like a street address for a mailman, IP addresses identify where the message
needs to be sent. Similar to a house address or business address, each device is assigned an IP address that acts as a unique identifier. These unique

Essay about Ntc 362 Week 5 Individual Assignment
Final Paper
NTC/362
Introduction
Kudler Fine Foods has established that they want to design a WAN to tie three different locations together and make the internal network in each store
a Wireless Local Area Network. Then, they are requesting Voice Over Internet Protocol to each multi store network. Various protocols make all this
happen. Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol are the foundation of data transfer. TCP is the protocol that the internet, email and ftp highly
rely on. Without TCP/IP there would be no internet, email or FTP. Two other protocols designed to process packets throughout the network are X.25
and Frame Relay. For this scenario Frame Relay will be used so I will not provide a brief description about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Frame Relay does have some draw backs such as error checking packets. This can be a huge deal if there is a lot of traffic on the network because it
will not detect corrupt packets. Which means individual packets could be lost when transmitted. Frame Relay relies on the end station to send the
SYN/ACK back. If a SYN/ACK does not come back then the Frame Relay protocol will just drop the frame. From each individual router a T1 line will
be used to help reach the desired bandwidth from server to a switch. From this point you will have to use leased lines which will affect the budget of
the project. With the implemented plan, the goal was to keep the desired bandwidth and allow room for growth.
Latency, Jitter, Response Time
I also targeted the area of Latency. With all the users connected to the router and the router transmitting data to the switch and then so forth until it
reaches its destination, there is going to be a degrade in Latency. Three variables that will keep this network maintained and keep the desired
processing speed and bandwidth are Latency, Jitter, and Response Time. Latency has already been discussed however, Jitter can resemble Latency
somewhat. Jitter will occur when packets pass through the network nodes with varying latencies. This usually occurs when the bandwidth is maxed out
or is low and the network path needs to be manipulated. Response Time deals with the individual components and the amount of time it takes for them
to respond giving the

Web Architecture And Components That Enable Internet And...
Unit 28 – Website Production Assignment 1
Alex Aricci – 2nd October 2014
P1
Introduction
The purpose of this report is to outline the web architecture and components that enable internet and web functionality.
Internet Service Providers (ISP)
ISPs are the companies which own or rent the infrastructure which provides internet access to its customers for a fee. ISPs often offer different
services at different price points with more expensive ones often having higher bandwidth and download limits (or no download limits at all) as well
as sometimes providing phone and digital TV services (for instance, Sky, Virgin, BT) although available services vary locally due to differences in
infrastructure.
Web Hosting Services
Web hosting services provide space and bandwidth on the internet for people to make their websites available online. When aweb page is requested the
web host sends a web page to someone trying to access it via a server.
Domain Structure
The Domain Name system is a system on the internet used to translate IP addresses (long string of numbers that describe the "location" of a resource
on the internet) into recognisable names, this makes it easier for humans to navigate the internet as it is much easier to remember the name of a
website than to remember its I.P. address. It is a hierarchical system that points users to various resources, computers or services on the internet, such as
images or videos.

Domain Name Registrars
Domain Name Registrars allow

Unit 1 Assignment 2.3 Network And System Configuration
2.3 Network & System Configuration data
Authorization and approval structure sorts, techniques, and setups; Router and switch setups and access–records (ACL), firewall sorts; game plans and
rules, Intrusion Detection System sorts outline and models; compose development watching and organization methods and techniques and framework
organization structure points of confinement, sort and setup, and Voice over IP activity logs. This applies to some other framework advantage, for
instance, however not confined to: mail, news, Domain Name Servers (i.e., DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (i.e., DHCP), Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (i.e., LDAP), Active Directory (i.e., AD), Remote Authentication Dial
–In User Service (i.e., RADIUS) or Kerberos. All logs,
logging techniques and strategy, and esteem based information made by or for any of these or near systems are especially seen as essential to the
security of the IT establishment.
2.4 The Language of Computer Networks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In spite of the way that the OSI demonstrate isn't the honest to goodness show used to help the Internet, its appreciation is indispensable a similar
number of frameworks and things regularly suggest the OSI show for definition. It is moreover basic to take in the Internet Model (or DOD model or
TCP/IP model) and its 4 layers: (Network) Interface, Network, Transport, and Application. The Internet show is the model used to help all activities on
the Internet.
2.7 Logical and Physical Connections
To dodge future perplexity, you should know the refinement between an objective connection and a physical association. Note that the essential
physical relationship in a structure is at the physical or interface layer.
2.8 Data and

The Internet 's Impact On Business
Introduction
The Internet is very popular nowadays, almost everyone are using it. In addition, there is no limitation on the age or condition of the user to access the
Internet. In fact, the Internet is interactive, flexible, global, dynamic, rich in resources and inexpensive compared to other methods of mass
communication, socialization and coordination between the customers. More and more internet services have been developed to support both users'
requirements and actions, and to make it accessible to a diverse audience. (BALINT, A 2014)
Since the early 1990s to now, the Internet has caused a storm in the business community. When the society realize the Internet's potentiality, maybe, the
internet can be praised as the one of the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Except for leading to a new round of the advancing arms race, the event also made the US rethink its policy for technology and science. (Lukasik, S
2011) Meanwhile, the US in substantial increased the research funding and support for universities and the education of students in science and
engineering. (BALINT, A,2014) Another response of US is that, President Eisenhower used over a billion dollars for US technology and science
research, including the ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) which was located in the then new Pentagon building. In the following year, the
seed of the Internet was planted. (Grech, V 2001)
In 1966, Taylor, the manager of the computer projects funded by ARPA, proposed connecting the different ARPA computers together, which was
named "Cooperative Network of Time–Sharing Computers." The proposal was achieved in 1968 and the contract was awarded to the BBN
Company. In the initial test sites for this ARPANET, four university research centers (including UCLA, Stanford, Santa Barbara and Utah) were
chosen. By 1971, ARPANET was increased to 15 nodes with 23 hosts. (Grech, V 2001).By that time, ARPANET did not contact with business realm.
According to (Banks, MA 2007), ARPANET at that time had "FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY" stamped all over it, which means public was not
welcome and just government can use it. The first commercial online services appeared in

Internet Service And The Internet
ISP's also known as Internet Service Providers are companies that provide access to the internet for a cost, this is usually charged monthly and will
normally give you unlimited access to the internet. The ISP's will normally get their internet or "product" from a higher company that will only sell to
ISP's. They will charge the ISP's for the internet and they in turn will charge a considerably higher fee to their customers so they can access the internet.
Web hosting services are organisations that you will pay to put your website onto the internet and accessible to everyone, you will pay them monthly
or yearly and they will make sure that the website works and is virus free. The service also will offer a security service so that the website won't get
hacked and won't go down for long periods of time.
Domain structure is the URL that is at the top of the browser when you search for something. It will generally start with HTTP that stands for hypertext
transfer protocol, this is where the information is transferred across the World Wide Web
. www. Would be then next step in the URL, this is what
server the website is on and is normally always www. You then have the name of the website, for instance Amazon. This is the name of the business
and that is the site you want to go to. You then have the second level in the domain which is .co, this is to tell if it is a Company or an Organisation.
Lastly you have the top level which is .us, this is to tell if it is in the us. To

Network Discovery Protocol ( Ndp )
[Type the company name]
[Type the document title]
[Type the document subtitle]
Bhai Baloch
[Pick the date]
Index
1.Abstract
2.Introduction 2.1 Network Discovery Protocol (NDP) 2.2 Router advertisement messages 3. Security Issues
3.1 Scanners
3.2 Man–In–The–Middle attacks
3.3Denial of the Service attacks 4. Security Test bed
4.1 Proposed testing scenarios 4.2 Analysis tools
4.3 Denial of service 5 Conclusion and recommendation
Abstract: The Internet even more concern is the safety. If this work is to migrate to the "incipient" IPv6, the controversy over the safety in the middle of
the IPv4 users is hope to solve the quandaries, and along with other constraint. For the present work, we additionally experience traditional three–layer
protocols, which include scanners, the denial of accommodation attacks, man in the middle attacks or what the content of the protocol or application. In
a series of nine different scenarios, proves that he from this study has several IPv6 only network implemented in the CCENT laboratory at Syracuse
University. Both issues is documented and described. The Conclusions and recommendations reviews at the terminus.[10]
Introduction:
Is Internet

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Voip?
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP), is a technology that allows you to make voice calls on an Ip connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line.
Some VoIP services may allow you to call anyone who has a telephone number– including local, long distance, mobile and international numbers. Also,
while some VoIP services only work over your computer or a special VoIP phone, other services allow you to use a normal phone connected to a VoIP
adapter.
VoIP can turn a standardinternet connection into a way to make free phone calls. The practical meaning of this is that by using free VoIP softwares to
make calls, you are bypassing the phone company (including charges) entirely.
VoIP is a revolutionary technology that has the potential to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– VIDEO–CONFERENCING: VoIP has adcanced bandwidth capacity which helps in improved video conferencing at a reasonable price.
DISADVANTAGES:
VoIP has many downsides such as:
– NO SERVICE DURING A POWER–CUT : During a power–cut a regular phone functions well but a VoIP phone does not work. In order to use VoIP
during a power outage, there should be uninterupted power supply.
– EMERGENCY CALLS: If any person makes an emergency call using a regular phone, the call gets diverted towards the nearest call center based on
your location. However as VoIP is basically a transfer of data between two IP addresses, and not physical addresses hence there is no way to determine
the origin of the call.
– RELIABILITY: Because VoIP relies on your internet connection, hence the services would be affected by the quality of your internet and sometimes
the limitation of your VoIP device.
Poor connection can result in distorted voice quality. This often happens when you make a long distance call.
– SECURITY: Security is a main concern with VoIP, as it is with other internet technologies. The most common issues are identity and service theft,
viruses and malware, spamming

Role Of Tcp / Ip Protocol
What is the role of TCP/IP protocol?
TCP/IP stands for transmission control protocol/ internet protocol. TCP/IP is responsible for how devices like computers should be connected over the
internet and how data should be transmitted from one computer to another. The IP essentially functions by exchanging set of information which is
called packets. Packets are short structures of bytes which contains of headers and body. The body only contains the application data. The headers keep
on sending the information back on forth until the data is sent to the right destination, the packets can usually send in the wrong order this means that
the data was crashed by the firewall or data was destroyed while sending information.TCP is the transmission communication protocol which delivers
packets to the accurate to destination.
TCP is responsible for breaking up data down into small packets be for they can be viewed and accessed on the internet and they assemble and arrange
the packets in the right and correct order. However if the data is corrupted it could send it in the wrong order meaning that when the person receiving
the message will open up the message ad read it on the wrong order because the information was corrupted during the process while sending the
message.
The internet protocol is responsible for the communications which are sent over one computer to another computer over the internet. It's responsible
for addressing the messages, sending and receiving messages the

The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World...
The Internet: How it Works and How it Effects the World
Many people do not understand what the Internet is the power that it has over the world.
The Internet is an extraordinary learning and entertainment tool that, when used properly, can significantly enhance a user's ability to gather information.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) started the Internet. It was a project under taken by the Department Of Defense (DOD) in
1969. It started as an experiment to link together DOD and military research including Universities doing military–funded research.
"The reliable networking part involved dynamic rerouting." (Levine 12) If one of the computers was under enemy attack, the information could be
automatically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Then each group is translated into it's Hexadecimal equivalent." (Levine 18) So the number above would translate into this:
B.49.49.28
This number is easier to use and remember.
Every four digits in the binary number stands for one hexadecimal number. Below is a list of each four binary numbers and its hexadecimal equivalent.
BINARY HEX EQUIVALENT
0000 0
0001 1
0010 2
0011 3
0100 4
0101 5
0110 6
0111 7

1000 8
1001 9
1010 A
1011 B
1100 C
1101 D
1110 E
1111 F
To figure out the binary number in the example into its Hex equivalent is in this way:
1011 is the first four digits of the binary number. Looking at the table, it can be determined that its hexadecimal equivalent is a "B". The second set of
four binary numbers is 0100. That changes into 4 and so on.
The first four numbers of a host number tells you what class the network is. The chart bellow states classes and sizes:
Class First Number Length of first Number Maximum Number of Hosts
A 1–126 1 16,387,064
B 128–191 2 64,516
C 192–223 3 254
Big companies like IBM and Apple usually have class Anetworks. "For example, IBM has network 9, and AT&T has network 12, so a host number
9.12.34.56 would be at IBM, and 12.98.76.54 would be at AT&T." (Levine 19) Medium sized companies and universities have class B

The Use Of Secure File Tunneling And Security In Data...
example the IPsec; as a result it creates a very secure means of transferring data in a communication interface.
PPP
This is the initial protocol where tunneling have not been introduced. It is the general where the points from A to B are connected or conjoined
together and can access the internet without fear of contradiction. This connection is the oldest and secure way even before the other tunneling
protocols came to be to boost the security involved in data sharing and communication.
SSTP
Secure socket tunneling protocol is another way in which information can be relayed or shared in a VPN. It is actually a new protocol which runs in
client computers using windows vista as a way of accessing useful information. This protocol provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Encapsulation
This is the process of keeping the required information I a particular route or channel that it will follow to reach a particular station with the security
that is expected of it. For example when a bank is transferring money electronically, the information should be encapsulated in a media that is not only
secure but also very rigid to perforations and that no unauthorized person will be able to access the information which they are not supposed to see.
Encryption
Encryption is the process of ensuring that data is encoded in a format that only computers with particular decoders will be able to decrypt the
information and as a result get the intended receiver of the information. For example the FBI values secrets and the mails they send are always
encrypted and no one can read the information until a particular machine or tool is required to be able to understand what the mail mean.
There are basically two types of encryption and the first one is symmetry key where both the encrypt or and the decrypt or uses the same keys either
to code a particular information or to receive the same on the far end (Comer, 2015). The in public key encryption is when the encrypting computer
uses a private key to encrypt the message while the decrypted uses the corresponding public key to obtain the meaning of the message. Therefore,

Relevant Network Technologies : Report By James Hunt
Relevant Network Technologies Report by James Hunt Contents Page 1...........................NOS, Network Protocols Page 2...........................IP, DHCP
Page 3...........................DNS Page 4...........................SNMP, TP & Fiber Cabling Page 5...........................Star Topologies, Wireless Page
6...........................Servers, Workstations Page 7...........................NIC, Switch, Routers Page 8...........................Vendor Specific Hardware, Fault
Management, Performance Management Page 9...........................SolarWinds, Wireshark Page 10........................Asset Management Software
Networking Operating Systems The choice of Network Operating Systems will affect the low–level network protocols used, the way that the servers
are administered and the way that users interact with network services. The NOS shapes the entire look and feel of the network environment. The
NOS marketplace is very mature. The choices available, while relatively few, offer sophisticated features, high reliability, and relatively easy setup
and administration. The NOS is the software that runs on servers and defines how resources are shared on the network. It provides the basic
operating environment for the server so that it can store data in a secure, reliable way, and satisfy requests from a large number of users
simultaneously. The NOS includes a set of tools the network administrator uses to configure the resources on the server as well as utilities for client
computers to access those resources. At a minimum, an NOS offers file storage and network printing

Global Transition Of Internet Protocol
Abstract
A Global transition to Internet Protocol version 6 is initiated. The government and organizations understand the benefits of this new protocol and are
making change plans. The Information technology industry is undergoing a massive transformation. This research paper would outline the migration,
transformation, and configuration of Internet Protocol version 6 from Internet Protocol version 4. Currently; we are close to exhausting a lot of our
options regarding current Internet Protocol version 4 addresses. The new Internet Protocol version 6 replacement will alleviate this issue. Various
transition techniques are being used today. The progression toIPv6 from IPv4 will be an avant–garde process. During the progression, the two ... Show
Internet Protocol can be correlated to a postal system network. It grants an entity to address a parcel, packet or mail and drop it in the postal system.
There is no direct link between the consignor and the recipient. TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is the primary network communication, language since the mid–1990s which is passed down as a
communications protocol in a private network. The TCP/IP is a two–layered protocol. The Transmission Control Protocol is the higher layer which
administers the collection of messages or files into smaller packets. These packets are transmitted over the Internet. The packets are then amassed and
reassembled into the primary message after being received by the TCP layer. The Internet Protocol being the lower layer monitors the address part of
each packet, and further gets to the right destination. The TCP/IP establishes an intermediary between two hosts so that they can send messages back
and forth for a period.
Internet Protocol Versions
Tout de suite there are two versions of Internet Protocols on the web. The predominant version is IPv4 and a leading–edge advanced version which is
called IPv6. The IPv6 is an evolutionary enhancement to the Internet Protocol. Looking at the current scenarios the IPv6 will coexist with the older
IPv4 for a particular time.
IPv4
The Internet Protocol Version 4 is the overhauling of the Internet Protocol for the fourth time.

Cyberbullying And Its Effect On Children Essay
The internet is the single worldwide computer network that interconnects other computer networks on which end–user services, such as world wide
web sites or data archives, are located, enabling data and other information to be exchanged (Internet, n.d.). This essay will identify and discuss one
concern for users of the internet, which is cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is carried out through cell phones, computers, e–mails and any other electronic
devices or social media sites. Cyberbullying has the potential to be devastating to children, adolescents and adults as it is being cruel to others by
sending or posting harmful material or engaging in other forms of social aggression using the internet or other digital technologies (Morgan, 2013).
Firstly, this essay will look at the internet, what it is, when it came about, what it is used for and the benefits and disadvantages of the internet.
Secondly, I will discuss cyberbullying, what it means, the concern, what is involved, and who is involved. Thirdly, the effects of cyberbullying, why
and how has it become a concern, consequences for those involved, how bad the problem is, and will it continue to be a growing concern unless
something is done. And lastly, what is being done to address the problem of cyberbullying, what is the government doing about the problem, people
and organizations that are or need to be involved, and what else could be done.
The internet is a global wide area network. A system connecting computers

Ipv6 And The Current Version Of Internet Protocol
Table of Contents
Abstract2
Introduction3
Description4
Abstract
With the rapidly approaching global shortage of IPv4 addresses, the current version of Internet Protocol is slowly getting into its limitation of address
space and its insufficient security features. IPv6 is the next generation of IP addressing. Used on the internet and on many LANs and WANs that is
designed to meet the shortage of IPv4. When IPv4 (a 32–bit system) can have approximately 4 billion total theoretical addresses, while on the other
hand, IPv6 (128–bit) can have a total of 340 undecillion theoretical addresses; a far greater total. Various limitation of the system will drastically reduce
that number, but the remaining result is still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So during that time, they believed that 4.3 billion 32–bit IPv4 addresses was a lot to offer. However, they projected that there would be a time were
IPv4 addressing will be used up and something has to be done in order to continue the world of internet. So in 1996, computer experts during the
time designed the IPv6 format for people to continuously be able to send packets back and forth. IPv6 offers a significantly larger pool of addresses by
using 128–bit addresses: 340 undecillion (3.4Г—1038), compared with the 4.3 billion available in 32–bit IPv4 addresses. Time has gone so fast that
we are now in the year 2015, and the world has more than 5 billion mobile phones that have the ability to connect to the internet. Each one of them
has a unique address that would easily tire out the IPv4 addressing, that is only capable of allocating 4.3 billion addresses. Indeed, IPv4 will run out
of address space which I believe that IPV6 is the best candidate for the new addressing format in the centuries to come so that people would stay
connected in the never ending growth of technology.
If we don't implement IPv6, IPv4 address space will run out of address space and people will loss connection to the internet because they won't have
addresses to use which will result to the death of internet. So if only scientist has predicted that the shortage of IPv4 addressing is to come, they
would have had made a greater address space

Risks Associated With Using A Public Infrastructure
Assess the probable difficulties and risks associated with using a public infrastructure such as the Internet as part of a business solution.
In December of 1997 ING Life Insurance Company made the critical decision to move their communication and transaction services for their brokers to
an extranet structure. This move allowed over 2000 brokers to connect to an improved, streamlined network which allowed them the ability to conduct
business in minutes instead of hours.
The extranet can give a business new life by providing a self–service channel for partners to complete critical orders and transactions. The extranet is a
direct link to the company's data servers through the internet. This access is beneficial to both parties but also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A company should have back up contingencies to deal with potential outages. Business partners can ill afford delays in placing their orders and
transactions. Supply chain management is very sensitive to this issue and proper recovery planning should be in place to anticipate these losses.
Analyze ING's solution for providing security to determine if the solution is adequate or inadequate. Provide a rationale for your answer.
ING set up their extranet solution with with a firewall situated between the internet (web based browser on a broker's pc) and the a router connected to
NT servers containing IBM host on demand and Lotus Notes. Also, the router is connected to an SNA gateway which is connected to the companies
mainframe data servers. The Web–to–host software uses SSL to secure transactions over the internet. The company also employed security consultants
to assess the system for vulnerabilities on the network.
This configuration may have been adequate at the time of implementation, but presents some overall flaws which can be exploited. The internet is
based on the the TCP/IP protocols which were originally intended to be open. "The TCP/IP protocols and technology are inherently designed to be
open. TCP/IP is a connectionless protocol; data is broken up into packets which travel freely over the network, seeking the best possible route to reach
their final destination. Therefore, unless proper precautions are taken, data

Routers : What Are Routers?
What are routers Lee 2
What are routers As the world starts to interconnect with each other, there are many elements working together that help each of us connect. Routers, a
layer 3 networking device technology that has been around for a while is an essential tool to help users and other devices access different networks.
Thus, we go into detail of how routers go about doing that. To start off, routers use the idea of data packets, which means that it will separate the
information into various packets and send them across the network one by one. Sometimes, the packets will go through different routes to their
destination due to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of separating the data into packets is for efficiency. Each packet is sent off to the destination by the best available network route. Which
means that packets can travel through different available routes. Each data packet contains the IP address of the sending device, the IP address that the
packet is being sent to, information telling the receiving device the amount of packets the original data has been broken up into, including the current
packet's own number, and the actual information that is being sent. To put this into perspective, the websites, emails, and other information that we
view/do on the internet involves the usage of packets. When one views a web page for example, the packets that contain the information on the
website are being sent by the millisecond one by one from another device or server.
What are routers Lee 3
Routing Table In the RAM memory or NVRAM memory in the router itself, it contains routing information which is otherwise known as routing table.
The routing table provides a mapping between different network IDs and the other routers to which it is connected. Each entry in the table,
unsurprisingly called a routing entry, provides information about one network (or subnetwork, or host). It basically says "if the destination of this
datagram is in the following network, the next hop

Network Project Report
The project will guide you through the process of designing a network for small business, big business and for your own private or public network.
Our type of this sort of the network includes four to twelve computer (laptop), one or two servers, multiple switches, two to four routers, some
networked printers and access to other networks especially the internet for a user.
Keywords: Local Area Networking (LAN), Router, Computer (Laptop), Data Center, Server, Switch, Wire Area Network (WAN), Firewall, VPN, Wifi,
IPV4 and IPV6.
Introduction
The objective of this project is to able to comprehend how the structure and the building of the network work. Setting up a small network is a decent
approach is to get more out of your own laptop ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are utilized by independent ventures, healing facilities, or colleges, for example, to offer a more through association with the Internet,
documents, and printing frameworks. They are ordinarily associated with a Wide Area Network (WAN). It associates the WAN to a neighborhood
(LAN) that can be in another working crosswise over town. It is likewise workable for various LANs to interface with the WAN with the utilization of
more than one switch.
Based on the business we are trying to make if it's real we hope the consumer routers are appropriate for our small business or the home. These
routers, which can be found at a local electronics store, serve as a wireless access point (WAP). This provides the access. Additionally, it serves as a
network switch, which tends to be faster than those that are not. The market for consumer routers varies highly in price that can make comfortable
range and technology. This part of our small business we will look at some switching concepts that will include store and forward switching, cut
through switching, fragment free switching, and (V–LAN) that is any broadcast domain that is partitioned and isolated in a computer network at the data
link layer.This paper will also cover routing concepts, along with some comparisons including routed and routing protocols, Classful and classless
protocols, and for

How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication

Similar to How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication (20)

More from Monica Ramos

More from Monica Ramos (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

How Modbus Is A Type Of Communication