Some question and answer data communication.

1. Name : Sariful islam
ID : 1834902624
What is network ?
A network, in computing, is a group of two or more devices or nodes that can
communicate. The devices or nodes in question can be connected by physical or
wireless connections.
What is data communication ?
Data communications (DC) is the process of using computing and communication technologies to
transfer data from one place to another, or between participating parties.
What is node ?
Any system or device connected to a network is also called a node. For example, if a network
connects a file server, five computers, and two printers, there are eight nodes on the network. Each
device on the network has a network address, such as a MAC address, which uniquely identifies
each device.
What is LAN ?
LAN stands for local area network. A network is a group of two or more connected computers, and a
LAN is a network contained within a small geographic area, usually within the same building.
What is PAN ?
Personal area networks (PANs) are short-range wireless networks that work over a range of tens of
meter.
What is MAN ?
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects computers within a
metropolitan area, which could be a single large city, multiple cities and towns, or any given large
area with multiple buildings.

2. What is WAN ?
A wide area network is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area for
the primary purpose of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established with leased
telecommunication circuits.
What is NIC ?
A network interface card (NIC) is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be
connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated
network connection to the computer.
What is MAC Address ?
A MAC address is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a
network. The MAC address is manufactured into every network card, such as an Ethernet card or Wi-
Fi card, and therefore cannot be changed.
What is bits and bytes network ?
One byte is equivalent to eight bits. A bit is considered to be the smallest unit of data measurement.
A bit can be either 0 or 1.
computer networks in terms of a five-layer model. understand all of the standard protocols involved
with TCP/IP communications. grasp powerful network troubleshooting tools and techniques.
learn network services like DNS and DHCP that help make computer networks run.
Difference between MAC Address and IP Address ?
Key MAC Address IP Address
Definition
MAC Address stands for Media
Access Control Address.
IP Address stands for Internet
Protocol Address.
Usage
MAC Address ensure that physical
address of the computer is unique.
IP Address is a logical address of the
computer and is used to uniquely
locate computer connected via a
network.
Format
MAC Address is of six byte
hexadecimal address.
IP Address is of 4 bytes or of 16
bytes.
Access
Protocol
MAC Address can be retrieved using
ARP protocol.
IP Address can be retrieved using
RARP protocol.

3. Provider
Chip maker manufacturer provides the
MAC Address.
Internet Service Provider, ISP
provides the IP Address.
Difference between Hub and Switch ?
Hub Switch
A hub operates on the physical layer. A switch operates on the data link
layer.
Its speed is up to 10 Mbps. 10/100 Mbps, 1 Gbps , 10 Gbps.
Just a singular domain of collision is
present in a hub.
Varied ports have separate collision
domains.
Transmission mode is Half-duplex. Transmission mode is Full duplex.
Hubs operates as a Layer 1 devices per
the OSI model.
Network switches help you to operate
at Layer 2 of the OSI model.

4. What is OSI Model ?
OSI Model (Open Systems Interconnection Model) is a conceptual framework used to describe the
functions of a networking system. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a universal set
of rules and requirements in order to support interoperability between different products and software.
In the OSI reference model, the communications between a computing system are split into seven
different abstraction layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and
Application.
What is TCP ?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a communications standard that enables application
programs and computing devices to exchange messages over a network. It is designed to send
packets across the internet and ensure the successful delivery of data and messages over networks.