مذكرة لغة انجليزية للصف الاول الثانوى ترم اول 2017 - موقع ملزمتي

First Year sec First Term
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Famous Egyptians
‫مظهر‬appearance‫مشهور‬famous=well known
‫يمنح‬ /‫جائزة‬award‫جولوجيا‬ ‫عالم‬geologist
‫وصف‬description‫الجولوجيا‬ ‫علم‬geology
‫يصف‬describe‫فضاء‬ ‫رائد‬astronaut
‫كيمياء‬chemistry‫عالم‬scientist
‫نوبل‬ ‫جائزة‬Nobel Prize‫جراح‬surgeon
‫تاريخى‬historic‫تعليمية‬ ‫رائدة‬educationalist
‫بالتاريخ‬ ‫مرتبط‬historical‫تعليم‬education
‫ادوية‬medicines‫الدقيقة‬ ‫االشياء‬ ‫علم‬nanoscience
‫محترف‬professional‫ناظرة‬headmistress
‫هاوى‬amateur‫ناظر‬headmaster
‫تكنولوجيا‬technology‫قديم‬recent
‫الثانية‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫اصغر‬femto second‫ثانوية‬ ‫مدرسة‬high school
‫جائزة‬ ‫على‬ ‫حائز‬laureate‫تقرير‬report
‫نسائى‬feminist‫الــــ‬ ‫نفس‬the same….
‫انثى‬female‫فرص‬opportunities
‫صحة‬health‫تقريبا‬nearly
‫صحية‬ ‫مشاكل‬health problems‫حوالى‬about
‫تأثير‬-‫يؤثر‬influence‫الغربية‬ ‫الصحراء‬Western desert
‫مجتهد‬hard working‫غزير‬ ‫مطر‬heavy rain
‫مشهور‬ / ‫محبوب‬popular‫كمية‬quantity
‫الحياة‬ ‫قيد‬ ‫على‬alive‫يجمع‬collect
‫نووى‬nuclear‫بعد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫استشعار‬remote sensing
Unit 1

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‫مليون‬ ‫على‬ ‫واحد‬millionth‫فضاء‬ ‫عالم‬space scientist
‫بليون‬ ‫على‬ ‫واحد‬billionth‫مخرج‬ / ‫مدير‬director
‫احتفال‬ceremony‫خبير‬expert
‫نقاط‬points‫صناعية‬ ‫أقمار‬satellites
‫معهد‬institute‫جوفية‬ ‫مياه‬underground water
‫ودود‬friendly‫فضاء‬ ‫مشاريع‬space projects
‫مؤيد‬ ‫بمعنى‬ ‫بادئة‬Pro-‫نصيحة‬advice
‫ديمقراطية‬democracy‫ينصح‬advise
‫ناشط‬activist‫صخور‬rocks
‫فائز‬winner‫تربة‬soil
‫سالم‬peace‫طبقة‬layer
‫مدنية‬ ‫حقوق‬civil rights‫للمعوقين‬ ‫العاب‬ ‫دورة‬Paralympic
‫الفيزياء‬ ‫علم‬physics‫إعاقة‬disability
‫أسطورى‬legendary‫بطولة‬championship
‫استقالل‬independence‫رياضى‬ ‫بطل‬champion
‫رئيس‬president‫االثقال‬ ‫رفع‬Weight lifting
Expressions ‫تعبيرات‬
‫منح‬was awarded‫اسهل‬ ‫يجعلة‬make it easier
‫جائزة‬ ‫يتسلم‬receive a prize‫بكثير‬ ‫افضل‬much better
‫غزير‬ ‫مطر‬heavy rain‫عمر‬ ‫فى‬‫سن‬ /at the age of
‫جراحية‬ ‫عمليات‬ ‫يجرى‬do operations‫مشروع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يعمل‬work on a project
Examples:
- A surgeon is a person who does operations.
- He died at the age of ninety.= He died ……………………..
- Dr Elbaz worked on the Apollo project.

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- Dr Zewail was awarded Noble Prize for chemistry.
- A surgeon is a person who wdoes operations.
Prepositions ‫جر‬ ‫حروف‬
‫من‬ ‫يخسر‬lose to‫على‬ ‫يشكر‬thank…..for
‫يتربى‬ / ‫يكبر‬grow up‫بفضل‬thanks to
‫على‬ ‫يهبط‬land on‫اجازة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يذهب‬go on holiday
‫يدون‬note down‫لـــ‬ ‫مختلف‬different for
‫فى‬ ‫خبير‬expert on in‫عن‬ ‫مختلف‬different from
‫لـــ‬ ‫مهم‬important for‫بـــ‬ ‫مشهور‬famous for
‫يكتشف‬ /‫يعرف‬find out‫فى‬ ‫ينجح‬succeed in
Examples:
- Thank you for your help.
- Thanks to Dr El Baz we found underground water.
- Dr Zewail was born and grew up in Egypt.
- Life was different for women from 1886 to 1951.
- Armestrong was the first man to land on the moon.
- Al Ahly lost to Al Zamalikk 4-1.
- Adjectives ‫صفات‬
‫مؤدب‬polite‫جميل‬beautiful
‫قوى‬strong‫شجاع‬brave
‫مثير‬exciting‫هادىء‬calm
‫ودود‬friendly‫مرح‬cheerful
‫مجد‬ / ‫مجتهد‬hard working‫ماهر‬clever
‫مهم‬important‫خدوم‬helpful
‫مضحك‬funny‫بدنيا‬ ‫الئق‬fit
‫عادى‬ordinary‫شيق‬interesting
 A good scientist player student should be….......,………., …….……. and………...

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Conjugation of verbs
present past p.p present past p.p
write ‫يكتب‬ wrote written influence ‫فى‬ ‫يؤثر‬ influenced influenced
win ‫يفوز‬ won won lift ‫يرفع‬ lifted lifted
fall ‫يقع‬-‫يسقط‬ fell fallen take ‫يأخذ‬ took taken
feel ‫يشعر‬ felt felt talk ‫يتحدث‬ talked talked
Definitions
11-- aassttrroonnaauutt ‫فضاء‬ ‫رائد‬
-- SSoommeeoonnee wwhhoo ttrraavveellss aanndd wwoorrkkss iinn ssppaaccee.. (( ssppaaccee mmaann))
22-- ggeeoollooggiisstt ‫جيولوجى‬ ‫عالم‬ (( ggeeoollooggyy ‫والتربة‬ ‫الصخور‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫)علم‬
-- SSoommeeoonnee wwhhoo ssttuuddiieess tthhee hhiissttoorryy ooff rroocckkss aanndd ssooiill.. tthhee eeaarrtthh..
33-- hheeaaddmmiissttrreessss ‫ناظرة‬ (( hheeaaddmmaasstteerr ‫ناظر‬ )
-- AA tteeaacchheerr wwhhoo iiss aa wwoommaann aanndd tthhee lleeaaddeerr ooff aa sscchhooooll..
44-- ffaammoouuss ‫مشهور‬ (( wweellll--kknnoowwnn ‫معروف‬ - nnoottoorriioouuss ‫سيئة‬ ‫بسمعة‬ ‫مشهور‬ )
-- KKnnoowwnn aabboouutt bbyy aa lloott ooff ppeeooppllee..
55-- uusseeffuull ‫مفيد‬
-- SSoommeetthhiinngg tthhaatt mmaakkeess iitt eeaassiieerr ttoo ddoo ssoommeetthhiinngg..
66-- mmeeddiicciinnee ‫طب‬-‫دواء‬
-- TThhee ttrreeaattmmeenntt aanndd ssttuuddyy ooff iillllnneessss aanndd iinnjjuurriieess..

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77-- ssuurrggeeoonn ‫جراح‬ (( ssuurrggeerryy ‫جراحة‬ -- ssuurrggiiccaallllyy ‫)جراحيا‬
-- AA ppeerrssoonn wwhhoo ddooeess ooppeerraattiioonnss aatt hhoossppiittaallss..
88-- ssooiill ‫الزراعية‬ ‫التربة‬
-- TThhee llaayyeerr oonn tthhee eeaarrtthh iinn wwhhiicchh ppllaannttss ggrrooww wweellll..
99-- ssppaaccee ‫الفض‬‫ـاء‬
-- TThhee aarreeaa ppllaaccee oouuttssiiddee tthhee eeaarrtthh,, wwhheerree ssttaarrss aarree..
1100-- uunnddeerrggrroouunndd ((aaddjj..)) ‫األرض‬ ‫تحت‬–‫جوفى‬ ( tthhee uunnddeerrggrroouunndd ‫مترو‬‫األنفاق‬
== ssuubbwwaayy))
-- UUnnddeerr tthhee ssuurrffaaccee ooff tthhee eeaarrtthh..
1111-- eedduuccaattiioonn ‫تعليم‬
-- IItt iiss tthhee pprroocceessss ooff lleeaarrnniinngg tthhaatt yyoouu ggeett aatt sscchhooooll oorr uunniivveerrssiittyy..
1122-- EExxppeerrtt ‫خبيـر‬
-- SSoommeeoonnee wwhhoo kknnoowwss aa lloott aabboouutt aa ssuubbjjeecctt oorr iiss,, vveerryy ggoooodd aatt ssoommeetthhiinngg..
Collocations
 give – gave – given ‫يعطى‬
( give advice= advise, give medicine, give hands to
= help, give lectures)

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Ex: My father advised me to study hard. ( give )
…………………………………………………………….
Ex: We should alwayshelp the poor. ( give )
……………………………………………………………….
 play – played – played ‫يعزف‬ / ‫يلعب‬
( football, volleyball, chess, tennis , the piano,
music, the guitar, ….etc.)
 score – scored – scored ‫يحرز‬ / ‫يسجل‬
( a goal, points )
 take – took – taken ‫يلتقط‬ / ‫يأخذ‬
( take medicine , take photos, take part in,
take rest )
Ex: Students should participate share in school activities.( take )
………………………………………………………………………………………
Language Notes
Ex: Nabawiya Musa was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.
* S + be + the first … to + inf. ‫كذا‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫من‬ ‫اول‬ ‫هو‬ ‫فالن‬
* S + isare + used to + inf. ‫لـــ‬ ‫يستخدم‬
* S + is are + used for + V-ing ‫لــ‬ ‫يستخدم‬

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Ex: A pen is used to writefor writing.
 discover- discovered- discovered ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫موجودا‬ ‫كان‬ ‫شىء‬ ‫يكتشف‬
Ex: Dr Zewaildiscoveredthe femtosecond.
 invent- invented- invented ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫موجودا‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫شىء‬ ‫يخترع‬
Ex: John Bird inventedthe television.
 explore- explored- explored ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫احد‬ ‫اليه‬ ‫يصل‬ ‫لم‬ ‫شىء‬ ‫يسكتشف‬
Ex: Scientistswant to explorethe Universe.
 Loser + lose to + winner ‫من‬ ‫يخسر‬ = Winner + beat +
Loser ‫يهزم‬
Ex: Italy lost to Brazil 2-1. (beat)
……………………………………………………………….
Listening

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Nabawiya Musa : ( early 20th
century feminist / educationalist )
Nabawiya Musa is famous because she was the first Egyptian woman
to go to high school. When she became older she helped other
women to succeed in education and work. In 1908, she wrote a book
about girls’ education. Later she became the headmistress of Al-
Mohammadia school for girls’.
 Dr Mostafa El-Sayed : ( scientist )
Dr Mostafa El-Sayed is one of the most famous scientists in the
world. He is a scientist and nanoscience researcher. He often writes in
science magazines. His son is an important surgeon and he wants to
use his father’s work to help people. Dr Mostafa El-Sayed studies the
smallest parts of things. Surgeons don’t usually see such small things,
so his work can be very useful in medicine.
-
Thank you Dr Farouk El-Baz
It only rains every 20-50 yearsinthe WesternDesert.
However, two million years ago, very heavy rain fell there
and a huge quantity of water collected under the desert sand. Today,
we need this water and the person we have to thank for finding it is one of
Egypt's most famous men, Dr Farouk El-Baz.
 Remote sensing
Reading

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Dr Farouk El-Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is the Director
of Remote Sensing at Boston University in the USA. He is the world's greatest
expert in remote sensing: the use of satellites to find water under deserts.
Underground water was found in the Western Desert and in Sinai thanks to
photographs which he took from satellites.
 Space projects
From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz, worked on the American Apollo space
project, which landed men on the moon. He gave advice on where the
astronauts should land, and told them how to collect rocks and soil on the
moon. DrEI-BazwasborninZagazigin1938andwaseducatedatAinShamsUniversity.
Women’s education and health
Not many girls went to schoolin Egyptin the early twentieth century.Nowit is
very different. Therearenearlyasmanygirls in secondary education as boys,and many girls
study at university too.About 20 % of people who work in Egyptare women.
Women’s health is also much better today.A recentreport says that fewer children and
mothers have health problems than they did 100 yearsago.In 1960,most women lived
until they were about47.Today,most women live to be older than 75.
Dr. Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Zewail was born in 1946 in Egypt where he grew up. He went to
AlexandriaUniversity.He finished his studies in the United States In 1974.After
this; Dr Zewail worked at the University of California. In 1976 he became a
professor at the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology. In 1997, at the age of 52,
DrZewail won the Benjamin Franklin Prize because he discovered the femto
second, which is one millionth of one billionth of a second. Many scientists,
students and important people came to the ceremony and saw Dr Zewail
receive his prize. Twoyearslater,Dr Zewail got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

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Other world Famous people
 Zeinab Oteify:
A paralympic champion at weight lifting.
She showed us we can do a lot of things even with a disability.
 Samira Musa:
She was a famous nuclear scientists.
 Albert Einstein:
He won Nobel Prize in physics 1921.
 Umm Kulthum:
She was a legendary Egyptian singer.
 Marie Curie:
She won Nobel Prize in physics in 1903
She won Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911.
 Mahatma Gandhi:
He was the leader of the Indian independence movement.
 Nelson Mandela:
He won Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
He was former president of South Africa.
Words for translation ‫للترجمة‬ ‫كلمات‬

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‫فخر‬pride‫شباب‬youth
‫مجاالت‬fields‫يشجع‬encourage
‫مواهب‬talents‫إبداع‬creativity
‫موهوب‬talented‫مفكرين‬thinkers
‫أمم‬nations‫شرف‬ /‫يكرم‬honour
‫حكومة‬government‫دولة‬state
1- Why is Nabawiya Musa famous ?
» Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.
2- What did Nabawiya Musa do when she became older?
» She helped other women to succeed in education and work.
3- What did Nabawiya Musa do in 1908?
» She wrote a book about girls’ education.
4- What did Nabawiya Musa work after writing a book?
» She became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia school for
girls’.
5- Nabawiya Musa played an important part in education. Explain.
» When she became older she helped other women to succeed in
education and work.
In 1908, she wrote a book about girls’ education.
Reading Questions

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6- Nabawiya Musa lived from 1886 to 1951. What do you think was
different for women at that time?
» Women couldn’t go to school to have a good education.
7- What is the job of Dr Mostafa El-Sayed ?
» He is one of the most famous scientists in the world.
8- What does ‘nano’ in nanoscience mean ?
» It means very small things.
9- Where does Dr Mostafa El-Sayed write?
» He often writes in science magazines.
10- What’s Dr. Mostafa’s son’s job?
» He is a surgeon.
11- What does Dr. Mostafa’s son want?
» He wants to use his father’s work to help people.
12- How can Dr. Mostafa’s work be helpful to surgeons?
» Dr Mostafa studies the smallest things which surgeons don’t
usually see.
13- What is remote sensing?
» It is the use of satellites to find water under deserts.
14- Who is Dr Farouk El- Baz?

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» He is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing.
15- What did he do to become famous?
» He used satellites to find water under deserts.
16- What should Egyptians thank Dr el- Baz for?
» They should thank him for finding the underground water in
the Western Desert.
17- What advice did he give astronauts when he worked on the
American Apollo space project?
» He advised them where they should land and told them how to
collect rocks and soil on the moon.
18- Did girls usually go to school in Egypt in the early 20th
century?
» Not many girls went to school in Egypt in the early 20th century.
19- How many of the people who work in Egypt are women?
» About 20% of people who work in Egypt are women.
20- What is much better than it was 100 years ago?
» Women’s health is much better today than it was 100 years
ago.
21- How much longer do women live today than they did in 1960?
» In 1960, most women lived until they were 47. Today, most
women live to be older than 75.
22- How is life different for girls today than it was for your
grandmother when she was young?
» Today girls have better education and enjoy a better health.
23- Why do you think women’s health is better today than 100
years ago?

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» Because of the advances in medical treatment.
24- “Boys and girls are all born the same, so we should all have
the same opportunities.” Do you agree? Why? Why not?
» Yes, I agree because women are equal to men.
25- When and Where was Ahmed Zewail born ?
» In 1946, in Egypt.
26- Where did he study ? Where did he finish his studies ?
» He studied in Alexandria University. He finished his studies in the
United States.
27- When and where did he became a professor ?
» In 1976 at the California Institute of Technology.
28- When and why did he win the Benjamin Franklin Prize ?
» In 1997, at the age of 52. Because he discovered the femto
second.
29- What is the femto second ?
» It is one millionth of one billionth of a second.
30- What did Dr Zewail get the Nobel Prize for ?
» He got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
31- How can scientists like Dr El-Baz change lives of people?
Creative Questions

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» They can help people to find water, oil and metals under deserts.
Water will change the deserts into green land. Oil and metals are
important for industry.
30- What qualities can make such great scientists like Dr El-Baz ?
» A successful scientist must be hard-working, intelligent, clever,
careful and knowledgeable.
31- Can these qualities make sports stars like Zeinab Oteify, as
well?
» Yes. A sports star must be hard working, clever, intelligent, patient,
careful and train hard every day.
32- What can great scientists and sports stars give back to their
countries?
» First, their countries are proud of them. They set examples to
young people. And they can help their countries each in his field.
33- Should all successful people give something back to society?
» Yes. Because they grow up, educated and became successful
with the help of the society.
34- Why do you like Zeinab Oteify? How has she influenced you?
» She showed me we can do a lot of things even with a disability.
35- What do you know about Zeinab Oteify?
» She is a famous Egyptian paralympic champion at weight lifting.
The present Simple Tense ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫زمن‬

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 Formation ‫التكوين‬
I , we , you , they , ‫الجمع‬ inf ‫مصدر‬
He , she , it , ‫المفرد‬ verb + s / es
- I play foot ball. – The boys go to school.
- We get up early. - Hala eats fish.
 Notice
‫بـ‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫إذا‬( o – sh – ch – x – ss )‫له‬ ‫نضيف‬ ‫فإننا‬es‫المفرد‬ ‫مع‬
wash ------ washes go -------- goes
‫ب‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫إذا‬Y‫إلى‬ ‫تحول‬ ‫ساكن‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫يسبقها‬i‫إضافة‬ ‫قبل‬es‫المفرد‬ ‫مع‬
Carry ---------- carries study ---------- studies
‫بـ‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫انتهى‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أما‬Y‫متحرك‬ ‫حرف‬ ‫يسبقها‬)a – e – i – o – u(‫نضيف‬ ‫فإننا‬s‫المفرد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫فقط‬
Stay ---------- stays buy ------------- buys play--------------plays
 Usage ‫االستخدام‬
1- Habit ‫متكرر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫يعبر‬
Ex: Wael drinks tea in the morning.
Ex: I go to the cinema twice a month.
2- Stated fact ‫ثابتة‬ ‫حقيقة‬
Ex: The sun rises in the east.
Ex: Water boils at 100 cْ
3- A fact that lasts for a long time ‫طويلة‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫ثابتة‬ ‫حقيقة‬
Ex: Hani lives in Assiut .

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Ex: I hate dogs .
 Questions ‫األسئلة‬
Question word + do / does + subject + Inf …… ?
‫تستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اإلجابة‬ ‫وفى‬does / do
Ex: Where does Ali go in the morning ? - He goes to school .
Ex: What do you play ? - I play football .
‫بـ‬ ‫تبدأ‬ ‫التى‬ ‫األسئلة‬ ‫وبالطبع‬Does / Do‫بـ‬ ‫تجاب‬ " ‫هل‬ " ‫بمعنى‬ ‫وهى‬Yes‫أو‬No
Ex: Does Hassan like football
- Yes, he does. – No, he does not.
Negative form ‫النفى‬ ‫صيغة‬
Subject + don't / doesn't + inf
Ex: She plays tennis She doesn't play tennis
Ex: I go to the theatre I don't go to the theatre
‫نستخدم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫أننا‬ ‫الحظ‬never‫للنفى‬
Ex: Ahmed doesn't study English = Ahmed never studies English
Key words
Never ‫أبدا‬ Usually ‫عادة‬ Always ‫دائما‬
Often ‫غالبا‬ Rarely ‫نادرا‬ Sometimes ‫أحيانا‬
seldom ‫نادرا‬ Frequently ‫غالبا‬ Occasionally ‫آلخر‬ ‫حين‬ ‫من‬
‫للجملة‬ ‫األساسى‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وتأتى‬

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Ex: He usually visits his uncle.
Ex: She always smiles.
" ‫األساسى‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫أما‬verb To Be‫بعده‬ ‫السابقة‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫فتأتى‬ "
Ex: He is always happy .
‫وهناك‬‫مثل‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تأتى‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫عبارات‬
Every ‫كل‬ ----------- every day / week ……….
Once ‫مرة‬ twice ‫مرتين‬ three times ‫مرات‬ ‫ثالث‬ a day– a week
‫الجملة‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫فى‬ ‫العبارات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وتأتى‬
Passive Voice ‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبنى‬ ‫صيغة‬
‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبنى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لتحويل‬
Object + am / is / are + p.p.
 He cleans the room every day. ( The )
- The room is cleaned every day .
 She doesn't water the plants. ( The )
- The plants aren't watered .
 Structures to describe a present habit ‫المضارع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫العادة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫تعبيرات‬
 subject + always usually + present verb
 It is + name's / ‫ملكية‬ ‫ضمير‬ + habit to + Inf
 subject + am / is / are + in the habit of + v – ing
- subject + am / is / are + used to + v – ing
1- She usually drinks tea .
2- It is her habit to drink tea .
3- She is in the habit of drinking tea .
4- She is used to drinking tea.

19
Subject + second form of the verb
 Formation ‫التكوين‬
- I played chess yesterday .
- The pharaohs built the pyramids thousands years ago.
 Usage ‫االستخدام‬
 Past actions ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫وانتهى‬ ‫تم‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يعبر‬
- The boys broke the window .
 describe actions in a story ‫قصة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫لوصف‬
- The thief opened the door, went inside and took the money….
 past habit ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫تتم‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫لوصف‬
- In the past, people travelled on camels.
‫أيضا‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫لنعبر‬ ‫التالى‬ ‫التركيب‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫نستطيع‬ ‫وهنا‬
s + used to + Inf
- In the past , people used to travel on camels .
any more…doesn’t + Inf. + any longerS + used to + Inf. = S + no longer + verb = S. + don’t
Ahmed used to smoke. = Ahmed no longer smokes.= He doesn’t smoke any longer.
 Questions ‫األسئلة‬
Question word + did + subject +Inf ‫مصدر‬ ……. ?
‫نستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اإلجابة‬ ‫وفى‬did‫للفعل‬ ‫الثانى‬ ‫التصريف‬ ‫ونستخدم‬
- Where did Ali go yesterday ? - He went to the cinema .
‫بـ‬ ‫البادئ‬ ‫السؤال‬ ‫وبالطبع‬Did‫بـ‬ ‫يجاب‬ ‫هل‬ ‫بمعنى‬ ‫وهو‬Yes‫أو‬No
Did you visit London ? - Yes , I did No , I didn't
Negative form ‫النفى‬ ‫صيغة‬
The Past Simple Tense ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬

20
He went abroad X He didn't go abroad .
Key words
Last …. In the past ‫فى‬‫الماضى‬ yesterday ‫أمس‬
Formerly ‫ساابقا‬ once ‫مارة‬ ‫ذات‬ Once upon the
time ‫مرة‬ ‫ذات‬
in 1995 period of time+ ago from…..to…….
Passive voice
Object + was / were + p.p.
 Hassan broke the vase . ( The )
- The vase was broken by Hassan .
 Dalia didn't close the window . ( wasn't )
- The window wasn't closed .
 Notice
When did…....? = How long ago did……..?
When did you arrive ? = How long ago did you arrive ?
 Structures to describe a past habit ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫العادة‬ ‫على‬ ‫تدل‬ ‫تعبيرات‬
 Subject + past verb
 Subject + used to + Inf.
 It was + name's / ‫ملكية‬ ‫ضمير‬ + habit to + Inf.
 Subject + was / were + in the habit of + v-ing
1- Ali walked a mile every day in the past .
2- Ali used to walk a mile every day in the past .
3- It was Ali's habit to walk a mile every day …….
4- Ali was in the habit of walking a mile …….
Rewrite

21
1- Ali gets up at dawn .
( It )
…………………………………………………………………………….
2- Noha doesn't do the shopping .
( never )
……………………………………………………………………….……..
3- Aliaa is in the habit of watching TV in the evening .
( usually )
……………………………………………………………………………….
4- I met Ali last month .
( ago )
………………………………………………………………………………
5- He drank milk when he was young .
( drink )
………………………………………………………………………….….
6- She used to smoke .
( no longer ) (any longer)
………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
7- Rami finished his education at the age of twenty-three. (
when )
………………………………………………………………………………

22
8- Mona is used to wearing jeans.
( habit )
………………………………………………………………………….……
9- When did you finish your homework?
( How…….?)
…………………………………………………………………………………
10- He is lazy all the time.
( always )
…………………………………………………………………………………..
11- He never comes late.
( is )
……………………………………………………………………………………
12- Egypt beat Brazil 4-1.
( lost to )
……………………………………………………………………………………..
1) Finish the following dialogue :
Salma and Fatma are talking about Naguib Mahfouz .
Salma : What are you reading ?
Fatma : It's a very nice novel .

23
Salma : Really ? ……………………………………… ?
Fatma : Naguib Mahfouz .
Salma : ………………………………………………… ?
Fatma : Yes, he wrote many other novels .
Salma : It sounds he's a great writer .
Fatma : Of course . ……………………………………..
Salma : Nobel Prize ! …………………………………………………. ?
Fatma : Ok . When I have finished it , I'll lend it to you .
2) Choose the correct answer :
1- Dr Mostafa El-Sayed is a famous (geologist – scientist – archaeologist –
educationlist), He works in science
2- Because of his scientific achievement, Dr El-Baz has become (nation
– national - international – internationality ) famous .
3- Nabawia Musa was the ( head master – director – manager – head
mistress ) of a girls' school .
4- Thanks ( for – to – from – on ) satellites, scientists found
underground water in Sinai .
5- Being ( beautiful – slow – funny – brave ) is one of the most
important qualities of a policeman .
6- Teachers ( influence – hate – dislike – ignore ) their pupils very much. They
have an effect on their behaviour .

24
7- Dr El-Baz is the world's greatest expert ( of – at – in – out ) remote
sensing .
8- Dr Zewail grew ( on – out of – up – into ) in Egypt .
9- He is a ( teacher – surgeon – headmistress – archaeologist) . He
does operations.
10- He (rarely – often – always – usually) goes out. He is busy
working all the time.
11- The moon ( orbit – orbits – orbited – is orbiting ) the earth .
12- How often ( have – do – are – had ) you go to the cinema a week
?
13- He left for Paris two days ( for – ago – since – till )
14- They used to ( driven – drove – driving – drive ) fast .
15- When the sun sets, day ( ends – ended – end – ending )
16- Our car ( broke – breaks – broken – breaking ) down and we had
to walk three Kilometers .
17- Please note ( on – for – down – out ) some facts about your town
.
18- I like tennis so much because it is (boring – bored – enjoyable –
uninteresting)
19- ( Terrible – Useful – Famous- Clever ) means something that
makes it easier to do something.

25
20- In 1968, Neil Armstrong (walking – walks – walked – walk) on the
moon .
21- A ( novelist – biologist – journalist – geologist ) is someone who
studies soil and rocks .
22- Emad ( gave – scored – earned – played ) a goal for his team
yesterday
23- I'm happy as the news ( is – are – has – have ) wonderful .
24- Naguib Mahfouz is a great (biologist – novelist – journalist –
archaeologist)
25- When I went on holiday, I always (took – take – am taking – have
taken) a lot of photographs .
26- Plants grow very quickly in the rich ( rocks – soil – sand – moon )
27- Lazy students usually ( fails – fail – failed – failing ) in their tests .
28- There ( is – are – was – were ) once a tree here .
29- The American Apollo space project ( walked – landed – ran –
touched ) on the moon.
30- We can use the ( secret – hidden – buried – underground ) water
to reclaim our vast desert.
31- Remote ( discovering – sensing – finding – inventing ) enables
geologists to find out oil reserves.
32- Columbus ( caught – bought – invented – discovered ) America .

26
33- They attended the ( quiz – competition – ceremony – park ) and
saw Dr Zewail receive his prize .
34- Someone who travels in a spacecraft is (a geologist – an archaeologist
–a teacher – an astronaut )
35- There are very big (school – statues – streets – stones) of the
pharaohs at Luxor
36- Zeinab Oteify is a famous Egyptian paralympic champion at (weight lifting
–cycling –jumping –cricket).
37- ( Did – Do – Was – Does ) he see them yesterday ?
38- When ( do – will – did – have ) you read that book yesterday ?
39- I ( am – was – have seen – will be ) hungry, so I ate some bread
and cheese .
40- What time ( did – does – do – will ) your father arrive at work
every morning ?
41- He ( doesn't – didn't – never – won't ) gets up early .
42- (A biologist – A biographer – A geologist – An astronomer)
studies rocks and minerals.
43- ( Modern – Ancient – Patient – Huge ) means very old .
44- Dr El-Baz was ( born – borne – bear – bearing ) in Zagazig .
45- Dr El-Baz is the ( director – direction – direct – directory ) of
Remote sensing at Boston University .

27
46- He lives in a ( near – big – remote – small ) village. We can't go
there easily.
47- ( Atmosphere – Gas – Space – Air ) is the area outside the earth's
atmosphere .
48- The (floor – ground – soil – space) is the layer on the earth in
which plants grow
49- The story ( wrote – was written – is written – was writing ) long
ago .
50- How often ( do you go – were you going – you go – have you
gone ) to the dentist ?
51- We often ( is having – has had – have – has had ) breakfast at 7
o'clock
52- How ( often – long – far – many ) do you go to the library? -
once a week
53- The (astronaut – pilot – archaeologist – expert) of our flight to
London was so clever .
54- Rain rarely ( fills – feels – falls – flies ) in the Western Desert .
55- Handicapped people take part in (Lympic – Olympiad –
Paralympic – Olympic) championships.
3) Rewrite
1- I last saw Heba in 2002 . (
ago )

28
2- He comes late at all times . (
always )
3- It's my habit to visit my parents on Sundays . ( always
)
4- What is the meaning of this word ? (
does )
5- When I was in Tanta, I worked in a factory . ( used
to )
6- He used to smoke 20 cigarettes . ( no
longer )
7- I went to the Zoo last month . (
ago )
8- A beaker is used to hold liquids . (
holding )
9- My sister never goes shopping . ( not
)

29
10- He was in the habit of smoking . (
used to )
11- When did you arrive in London ? (
How long )
12- My mother cleaned all the rooms . (
were )
13- He always comes late . (
is )
4) Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences :
1.Nabawiya Musa was the first Egyptian woman to go to primary school.
2.Dr El-Baz worked on the Egyptian Apollo spaceproject.
3.Injy is very hard-work and always does well in tests.
4.Mrs. Mervat is the headmasterof our school.
5.I felt much better after I took the illness.
6.Professor Magdi Yacoubis a famous heart scientist.
) Write a paragraph of ninety words about ONE (1) only of the following:7
a) A famousmodern Egyptian that you admire.
b) Women’s life in the past and now.

30
Translation
8) a) Translate into Arabic :
- Boys and girls are all born thesame,so we shouldall havethesame opportunities.
-Zeinab Oteify showed us we can do a lot of things even with a disability.
b) Translate into English :
-‫فخورة‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫إن‬‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫المشهورين‬ ‫العلماء‬ ‫من‬ ‫بأبنائها‬.
‫يخبىء‬hide‫بــ‬ ً‫ا‬‫جد‬ ‫معروف‬best known for
‫اطرش‬deaf‫محتمل‬probably
‫ابكم‬dumb‫قرن‬century
‫شخصيات‬characters‫قصص‬ /‫روايات‬novels
‫توضيح‬clarification‫قصصى‬ / ‫روائى‬novelist
‫يوضح‬clarify‫سجن‬Prison = jail
‫حيوات‬ / ‫حياة‬lifelives‫مصنع‬factory
‫الداخلى‬ ‫السطح‬the inside surface‫صعبة‬ ‫حياة‬hard life
Prepared and designed by:
Mr. Mahrous Ahmed Haikal
Assiut – Sahel Seleem
Senior teacher
Sahel Seleem Secondary School for
Boys
01229603498

31
‫إختيار‬ / ‫خيار‬choice‫شخصية‬character
‫يختار‬choosechosechosen‫مكتبى‬ ‫موظف‬office clerk
‫يفشل‬fail‫صحفى‬journalist
‫الفشل‬failure‫حقيقي‬ ‫اسم‬real name
‫تالف‬damaged‫مستعار‬ ‫اسم‬pen name
‫خطوط‬lines‫المظلم‬ ‫الجانب‬the dark side
‫طيب‬ /‫عطوف‬kind- hearted‫االطفال‬‫العاملون‬child workers
‫تعيس‬ / ‫بائس‬miserable)‫(حشرة‬ ‫جرادة‬cricket
‫والدين‬parents‫مدفأة‬hearth
‫عالقة‬relation‫قفازة‬ ‫حشرة‬jumping insect
‫يشبه‬like‫سقف‬)‫اسفل‬ ‫(من‬ceiling
‫كوفىء‬was rewarded‫سطح‬)‫اعلى‬ ‫(من‬roof
‫سار‬ ‫غير‬unpleasant‫اعمى‬blind
‫مزدحم‬crowded‫ابنة‬daughter
‫شخصية‬ ‫مقابلة‬interview‫سويا‬together
‫عبرة‬ / ‫مغزى‬moral‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬employer
‫قريب‬ / ‫مجاور‬nearby‫موظف‬employee
ً‫ا‬‫تقريب‬nearly‫يشرخ‬ / ‫شرخ‬crack
‫قارب‬ /‫فلوكة‬felucca‫جصة‬)‫صلبة‬ ‫(طينة‬plaster
‫صياد‬fisherman‫الشعر‬ ‫رمادى‬grey-haired
‫راكب‬passenger‫مهندم‬ / ‫انيق‬well-dressed
‫يشارك‬share‫جدال‬ / ‫نقاش‬argument
‫ين‬َ‫د‬debt‫حقيقة‬truth
‫اساسى‬ / ‫رئيسى‬main‫حقيقى‬true

32
‫يدفىء‬ / ‫دافىء‬warm‫الحق‬ ‫يقول‬tell the truth
‫الدفء‬warmth‫يدرك‬realise
‫كبيرة‬ ‫توقعات‬Great Expectations‫يصيح‬shout
‫روسى‬Russian‫مندهش‬surprised
‫قفازة‬ ‫حشرة‬jumping insect‫الدين‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يقع‬get into debt
‫لعب‬ ‫يصنع‬make toysً‫ال‬‫ما‬ ‫يكسب‬earn money
‫يخطئ‬do wrong‫للسجن‬ ‫يذهب‬go to prison
‫اسهل‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫يجعل‬make life easier‫اعمى‬ ‫ولد‬was born blind
‫يقول‬‫الصدق‬tell the truth‫اشيب‬ ‫عجوز‬ ‫رجل‬grey-haired old man
‫الحقيقة‬ ‫يخفى‬hide the truth‫مهندم‬ /‫انيق‬ ‫اب‬well-dressed father
‫خيار‬ ‫لديه‬have a choice‫اشياء‬ ‫يغير‬change things
Examples:
- He had got into debt so he went to prison.
- He earns a lot of money by selling diamond.
- My brother is always well-dressed.
- He hid the truth from his parents.
- Our Chemistry teacher is a grey-haired old man.
- A cricked is a jumping insect which makes a loud noise.
- Caleb had a difficult choice: to lie or to tell his daughter the truth.
‫مقابل‬ ‫يدفع‬pay for‫يعرف‬ /‫عن‬ ‫يسمع‬hear of
‫بـــ‬ ‫يعتنى‬look after‫من‬ ‫اخبار‬ ‫يتلقى‬hear from

33
‫الى‬ ‫ينظر‬look at‫كـــ‬ ‫يعمل‬work as
‫على‬ ‫يتساقط‬fall off‫لدى‬ ‫يعمل‬work for
‫لــــ‬ ‫يتحدث‬talk to‫مع‬ ‫يعمل‬work with
...‫يخبىء.....عن‬hide….from‫يفسر‬ / ‫يحل‬work out
‫بـــ‬ ‫مزدحم‬crowded with‫لــ‬ ‫يدين‬owe….to
‫على‬ ‫عطوف‬kind to‫من‬ ‫نوع‬Kind of
‫على‬ ‫عطوف‬good to‫على‬ ‫يعيش‬live on
‫لـــ‬ ‫مناسب‬right for‫فى‬ ‫يعيش‬live in
.....‫يريد.....أن‬want….to‫من‬ ‫يستلف‬borrow….from
‫ينتمى‬ / ‫يخص‬belong to‫يقرض‬‫لـ‬ ‫يسلف‬ /lend….to
Examples:
- Have you heard of Charles Dickens?
- The ceilings were cracked and the plaster was falling off the walls.
- Caleb Plummer hid the truth from his daughter Bertha.
- The cricket was lining on the hearth.
- The house belonged to a businessman called Mr. Tackleton.
- Caleb Plummer looked after his blind daughter well.
- I can work out difficult sums.
- Caleb has always tried to be good to his daughter.
Definitions
11-- nnoovveell ‫رواية‬ (nnoovveelliisstt ‫قصصى‬ / ‫روائى‬ )
- A story about people that are not real.
22-- pprriissoonn == jjaaiill ‫سجن‬ (ggoo ttoo pprriissoonn ‫للسجن‬ ‫يذهب‬ – sseenndd ttoo pprriissoonn
‫للسجن‬ ‫)يرسل‬
- A building where people who do something wrong are
sent.

34
33-- ddeebbtt ‫دين‬ (ggeett iinnttoo ddeebbtt ‫الدين‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يقع‬ - iinnddeebbtteedd (‫مديون‬
- Money that you owe to someone.
44-- jjoouurrnnaalliisstt ‫صحفى‬ (jjoouurrnnaalliissmm ‫صحافة‬ )
- Someone who writes for newspapers.
55-- cchhaarraacctteerr ‫شخصية‬(‫كتاب‬ ‫فى‬–‫مسرحية‬ ‫فى‬–‫قصة‬ ‫فى‬–‫فيلم‬ ‫فى‬)
- A person in a book, play or film.
66-- bbeelloonngg ‫يخص‬ / ‫ينتمى‬ (bbeelloonnggiinngg ‫اتنماء‬ )
- Let someone else’s child become a part of your family.
77-- cceeiilliinngg :: )‫اسفل‬ ‫من‬ ‫(تراه‬ ‫سقف‬ (rrooooff ‫سطح‬ )
- The inside surface of the top part of a room.
88-- ccrraacckkeedd ‫مشروخ‬ (ccrraacckk ‫يشرخ‬ / ‫شرخ‬ )
- damaged, with thin lines on its surface.
99-- eemmppllooyyeerr ‫العامل‬ ‫صاحب‬ (eemmppllooyyeeee ‫موظف‬ – employment ‫عمالة‬ )
- A person or a company that pays people to work for them.
1100-- ffaaiill ‫يفشل‬ (ffaaiilluurree ‫فشل‬ )
- To be unsuccessful in doing something.
1111-- ppllaasstteerr ‫طالء‬–‫جصة‬

35
- Something to cover walls to give them a smooth surface.
1122-- ttrruutthh ‫حقيقة‬ (ttrruuee ‫صحيح‬ /‫حقيقى‬ )
- The true facts about something.
1133-- rreewwaarrddeedd ‫كوفىء‬ (rreewwaarrdd ‫يكافىء‬ / ‫مكافاة‬ )
-To do something pleasant to someone because they have
done something good.
1144-- CChhooiiccee ‫إختيار‬ (cchhoooossee cchhoossee cchhoosseenn (‫يختار‬
- When you can choose between two or more things.
1155-- MMoorraall ‫حكمة‬–‫مغزى‬ (mmoorraallss ‫أخالق‬ )
- A lesson to be learned from a story.
Language Functions
 Asking for clarification: ‫التوضيح‬ ‫طلب‬
:‫االتى‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫تفهمة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫شىء‬ ‫لك‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ما‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫من‬ ‫اردت‬ ‫إذا‬
- I don’t understand. Can you say that again, please?
- Can you clarify that please?
 A talk about Charles Dickens :
Listening

36
Have you heard of Charles Dickens? After Shakespeare, he is probably
the most famous writer in the English Literature. He is best known for his
novels about life in the nineteenth – century Britain. Dickens was born in
1812 into a good family in Portsmouth, in the south of England. When he
was still a young boy, his father went to prison in 1824, because he had
got into debt. Charles went to London to earn money for the family. At the
age of twelve he was working for ten hours a day in a London factory. He
saw how hard life was for poor people and many of the ideas for the
stories of his novels and the characters in them came from this time.
After he left the factory, Dickens went to work as an office clerk, but
he did not enjoy this. In 1834 he started work as a newspaper journalist.
While he was working for the newspaper, he was also writing magazine
stories about life in London. Instead of using his real name he called
himself Boz for these stories. In 1836 Dickens married Catherine Hogarth.
He went on to write "Oliver Twist" in 1838and "NicholasNickleby" in 1839.
"David Copperfield"followed in 1850. In 1858 Dickens went to America to
read his novels to people. "A Taleof two cities" in 1859, and "Great
Expectations" in 1861.
In "Oliver Twist" Dickens shows the dark side of life in the nineteenth
century London. He describes the lives of child workers and life in the
workhouse, where very poor people were sent to live and work. Dickens
died in 1870. When he died, Dickens was 58 years.
 The cricket on the hearth:
A cricket is a kind of jumping insect which makes a loud noise. In this book, a
family has a cricket living on the hearth in their house. In the past, people thought that if you
saw a cricket, good things would happen to you, so the family in the story is happy to have it
in their home.
Reading

37
 The cricket on the hearth:
Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter Bertha lived together in a
little house. They made toys and their house belonged to the
businessman who they worked for, Mr. Tackleton. Caleb and Bertha
were very poor, but Caleb looked after Bertha very well.
Bertha had been blind since she was born. Her father wanted her
to have a happy life, so he didn't tell her what their life was really like.
Bertha didn't know that the ceilings were cracked and the plaster was
falling off the walls She never knew that everything around her was
old and poor. She didn't realize that her father was a grey-haired old
man. She thought that they lived in a comfortable home; she thought
that she had a well-dressed father and that Mr. Tackleton was a good
employer. Because her father was kind, Bertha was always happy.
This changed one day when she heard Mr. Tackleton talking to her
father. Mr. Tackleton was angry and was shouting at her
father. Bertha was sad and didn't talk to her father all day.
Her father realized that she had heard the argument. “I have always
tried to be good to you, but I have failed," he said.
Bertha didn't understand her father's words. “Bertha, I wanted you to
be happy, so since the day that you were born I have hidden the truth
from you. I have changed things, invented things and told you stories
that were not the truth."
“I have been really blind,”replied Bertha. “I had never realized until today how
kind and loving you have been."
Caleb looked at his daughter. He was very surprised by her words.
Finally, she said, " I have always been happy, but now I will be even
happier."

38
1) What is Charles Dickens best known for?
- He is best known for writing about the dark side of life in London
in the 19th century. His best known novel is Oliver Twist.
2) What pen-name did Charles Dickens use?
- He called himself Boz.
3) Mention some of Charles Dickens's novels.
- Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, David Copperfield, A tale of two
cities and Great Expectations.
4) What kind of life did Dickens show in Oliver Twist?
- He showed the dark side of life in the 19th
century London.
5) What is a cricket?
- It is a kind of jumping insect which makes a loud noise.
6) Where does the cricket live on in the story?
- It lives on the ceiling.
7) What does the cricket mean symbolize for refer to in the
story?
- The cricket means symbolizes refers to happiness good
things.
Reading questions

39
8) What did people in the past think about having or seeing a
cricket?
- In the past, people thought that if you saw a cricket, good things
would happen to you.
9) Where did Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter live?
- They lived in a little house that belonged to the businessman who
they worked for.
10) Where did Caleb Plummer and his blind daughter make to earn
their living?
- They made toys .
11) For whom did Caleb Plummer work?
- He worked for a businessman called Mr. Tackleton.
12) Since when was Bertha blind?
- She was blind since she was born.
13) What was the relation between Caleb Plummer and Mr.
Tackleton?
Mr. Tackleton was Caleb’s employer OR Caleb works for Mr.
Tackleton.
14) Why didn’t Caleb tell his blind daughter about their real life?
- Because he wanted her to have a happy life.

40
15) How was the life Caleb and his blind daughter really lived?
- It was a miserable life. The ceilings were cracked and the plaster
was falling off the walls. Everything around them was old
and poor.
16) What truth Bertha didn’t know?
- She didn’t know that the ceilings were cracked and the plaster was
falling off the walls. Everything around them was old
and poor. She didn’t realize that her father was grey-haired old man.
17) What did Bertha think about their life the life she lived and
her father?
- She thought that she had a comfortable home and that her father
was a well-dressed father.
18) What did Bertha think about Mr. Tackleton, her father’s
employer?
What was Bertha’s impression about Tackleton at first?
- She thought him a good employer.
19) How did Mr. Tackleton treat deal with Caleb Plummer?
- He was always angry and shouting at him.
20) When did Bertha know the truth about their life?
What was the turning point in Bertha’s life?
- When one day she heard Mr. Tackleton shouting at her father.

41
21) What was the truth that Caleb Plummer hid from Bertha?
In your opinion, which reality was Bertha blind to?
- He never told her that they were very poor and that they lived a
miserable life. Everything around them was old and poor.
22) Why do you think Caleb told Bertha the truth after his
argument with Mr. Tackleton?
- Because he realized that she had heard the argument.
23) Do you think Mr. Tackleton was a good employer? Why? Why
not?
- I don’t think him a good employer as he treated Caleb badly.
He used to shout at him.
24) Is it always wrong to not tell the truth to someone?
- Yes. In some situations it is better not tell the person the truth
because the shock can kill him.
25) Give a situation in which it is necessary to not tell the truth?
- People who have incurable disease illnesses and that their life
is short shouldn’t be told the truth. Also in situations when we
want to reconcile people together.
26) Is it right for blind people like Bertha to work? Why? Why not?
- Yes, a blind person should work as work gives himher the
chance to live to give himher the feeling that they are living.
They are part and parcel of their society.

42
27) How can we make life easier for people who cannot see or
cannot hear?
- We should tell them the truth about the life they live. We can
help the blind by making them see the world with our eyes and
help the deaf to hear by our ears. We should help them to forget or
overcome their disability.
28) How can we make life easier for people who cannot walk?
- We can help them by buying them wheelchairs or walking sticks. We can
take them to the places they like to go.
29) In your opinion, what do you learn from the Cricket on the
Hearth?
What is the moral of The Cricket on the Hearth?
- It is always best to tell the truth and be kind.
30) Sometimes people are forced to tell lies.” “Are you for or
against this? Say why?
- I’m for this because in some certain situations it is better not tell
the truth. For example, we shouldn’t tell an ill man that his
illness in incurable and that he will die soon.
31) When did Bertha know that her father loved her very much?
- When she knew discovered the truth about their real life.
32) What jobs can blind people do well, do you think?
- They can be writers, poets, thinkers….etc. They can also do manual
work like spinning.

43
33) What can we say about the characters of Caleb and Bertha?
- Caleb and Bertha are kind characters.
34) What are the ways that make things better for blind people o
roads?
- We can put bells on roads we can also make them special side
roads.
 The Past Continuous Tense ‫المستمر‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬
Formation
I, He, She, It, ‫مفرد‬ + was + v-ing
They, We, You, ‫الجمع‬ + were + v-ing
Usage
1-‫حدث‬ ‫لوصف‬‫كان‬‫مستمر‬‫ل‬‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫معين‬ ‫وقت‬.
Ex: I was doing my homework at 6 o'clock yesterday.
Ex: I didn't hear the phone because I was having a shower.
2-‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫استمر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫لوصف‬‫كلمة‬ ‫مع‬ (all) ‫طوال‬ ‫بمعنى‬
Ex: I was reading a book all day yesterday.
3-‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬‫طويل‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫قصير‬ ‫حدث‬.‫بسيط‬ ‫ماضى‬ ‫والقاطع‬ ‫مستمر‬ ‫ماضى‬ ‫المستمر‬ ‫والحدث‬
WhileASJust as S + was/ were+v-ing S + pastverb
) ‫الطويل‬ ‫الحدث‬ ( ) ‫القصير‬ ‫الحدث‬ (

44
Ex: While I was running, I fell down.
Ex: As she was cooking, She spilt the soup.
Ex: My father came while I was sleeping .
Ex: Ali broke the vase just as he was cleaning it .
Ex: When the phone rang, I was having my breakfast.
Ex: I was having my breakfast when the phone rang.
4-‫للتعبير‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫يستخدم‬)‫االخر‬ ‫احدهما‬ ‫يقطع‬ ‫لم‬ ( .‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مستمرين‬ ‫كانا‬ ‫حدثين‬ ‫عن‬
Ex: While I was doing my homework, my mother was cooking dinner.
Ex: Aya was sleeping while her brother was playing football.
-‫بعد‬ ‫فاعل‬ ‫ياتى‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذا‬while‫به‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫بعدها‬ ‫ياتى‬ing
Ex: While walking in the street, I met my teacher.
Past simple  whileasjust as  Past continuous
When + past simple + past continuous
) ‫الطويل‬ ‫الحدث‬ () ‫القصير‬ ‫الحدث‬ (
Past simple + when + past continuous
) ‫الطويل‬ ‫الحدث‬ () ‫القصير‬ ‫الحدث‬ (
Notes
While As Just as + S + was/ were+v-ing,s + was,were+V-ing
)‫ياتى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫يفضل‬ ‫ال‬ing‫بعد‬( during

45
-‫استخدمنا‬ ‫إذا‬During‫بعدها‬ ‫نضع‬noun
noun phrase , past simpleDuring + noun
Ex: During my sleep, I heard a loud noise .
Ex: Ali was injured during the football match.
 The Past Perfect Tense ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬
- Formation Subject + had + p.p
Usage -
1)‫انه‬ ‫أى‬ ( .‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ليعبر‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫ويستخدم‬‫يكون‬‫عندما‬‫ل‬‫دينا‬
‫حدثين‬‫ا‬ ‫والحدث‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫االول‬ ‫الحدث‬ ‫فان‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االخر‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫واحدهما‬‫الخر‬
) ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫فى‬ ‫يكون‬
Ex: I finished my homework. Then I watched the film.
‫الثانى‬ ( ‫االخر‬ ‫ونترك‬ ‫تام‬ ‫ماضى‬ ‫ونجعله‬ ‫اوال‬ ‫حدث‬ ‫ايهما‬ ‫نحدد‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ويجب‬ ‫حدثين‬ ‫لدينا‬ ‫هنا‬.‫بسيط‬‫ماضى‬)
Ex: I had finished my homework. Then I watched the film.
:‫االتيه‬ ‫الروابط‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫زمن‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫وغالبا‬
After, as soon as, by the age of + ( Past perfect ) ( Past simple )
Before , by the time, By….., When + ( past simple ) (Past perfect )
Subject + didn't + Inf. till , until ( past perfect )
:‫فانه‬ ‫االنتظار‬ ‫افعال‬ ‫احد‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫مع‬ ‫ولكن‬
S. + had waited remained stayed…….till until + S. + past simple.
Ex: After I had bought my shopping, I went home.
Ex: By the age of ten, I had learnt to ride a bicycle.
Ex: When I arrived home, my dad had left.
Ex: I didn't go out till until I finished my work.
After, as soon as, by the time, before, when, till, until, by + period of time

46
Ex: I had waited him till he came.
Ex: By the time I arrived home, my father had left.
2.‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مبررات‬ ‫إلعطاء‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫ويستخدم‬ )
Ex: He went to hospital because he had eaten bad food.
3:‫االتية‬ ‫الروابط‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫ويستخدم‬ )
☻S + had + no sooner + P.P…………………..than + S + past simple
☻S + had + hardlyscarcelyrarely + P.P…….when + S + past simple.
Ex: He had no sooner arrived home than he slept.
Ex: He had hardly arrived home when he slept.
:‫فانه‬ ‫الروابط‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫باحد‬ ‫البدء‬ ‫عند‬ ‫ولكنه‬
☻No sooner + had + S + P.P………………..….than + S + past simple.
☻Hardly Scarcely Rarely + had + S + P.P…when + S + past simple.
Ex: No sooner had he arrived home than he slept.
4‫مع‬ ‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫ويستخدم‬ )‫االتى‬:
☻It was only when + S + had + P.P…..that + S + past simple
☻It wasn't until + S + had + P.P ………that + S + past simple
Ex: It was not until he had built a house that he married.
Ex: It was only when he had built a house that he married.
5‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫ويستخدم‬ ):‫وهى‬ ‫البسيط‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االتية‬ ‫االفعال‬ ‫بعد‬
S……….foundknewdiscoveredrealised……S.+ had + P.P…….
Ex: When I arrived home I realized that I had forgotten my mobile
at school.
‫التام‬ ‫الماضى‬ ‫على‬ ‫هامة‬ ‫مالحظات‬:
1-‫بعد‬ ‫ياتى‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذا‬after, before‫به‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫بعدهم‬ ‫ياتى‬ ‫فانه‬ ‫فاعل‬ing.
Ex: After doing my homework, I went out.
Ex: Before going to the cinema, I studied my lessons.

47
-2‫إستخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬P.PHaving +‫من‬ َ‫ال‬‫بد‬as soon as + S + had + P.PAfter
Ex: After I had ironed the shirt, I went out.
Ex: Having ironed the shirt, I went out.
-3‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬ing-On + V‫من‬ َ‫ال‬‫بد‬as soon as + S + had + P.PAfter
Ex: As soon as he had arrived home, he slept.
Ex: On arriving home, he slept.
-4‫يمكن‬‫بعد‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫ياتى‬ ‫ان‬before + nounafter
Ex: After the arrival of the manager, we started the meeting.
Ex: He had lived a happy life before the death of his father.
1) Write what you would say in each of the following situations:
1. A friend tells you about a famous woman. You want to know about
her job.
2. Your teacher says something in English. You do not understand very
well.
3. A friend tells you about a book that he or she enjoyed. You want to know
what advice the story gives you about life.
4. A friend asks you to help himher with some homework. You are
happy to do this.
2) Choose the correct answer :

48
1- My brother is still looking ( at – over – for – through ) a better job
.
2- Dickens lived in the 19th
( century – millennium – decade – year ) .
3- After Mai had received Hany's e-mail, she (sent – had sent – sends
– send) him her reply .
4- Having ( finding – find – found – finds ) his mobile, Sami told his
father .
5- ( Because – When – After – Till ) reading the story, I gave it to
Salma .
6- Before ( switches – switched – switching – switch ) on the machine,
he had read the instructions .
7- He ( doesn't travel – didn't travel – hadn't travelled – travelled )
abroad until he had graduated .
8- ( Having – Have – Had – Has ) had her dinner, she washed the
dishes .
9- After ( had put – putting – put – puts ) my clothes on, I went out .
10- By the time I got to the party, most people (are going – had gone
– have gone – go) home .
11- They didn't leave the shop ( while – till – when – during ) they
had paid the bill
12- She arrived at the station after the train (leaves – was leaving – had
left – has left ), So she missed it .

49
13- Samar was painting ( while – when – as – just as ) she spilt the
paint on the floor
14- ( On – When – Just as – As ) locking the window, I saw two boys
fighting .
15- What (were you doing – do you do – you were doing – are you
doing ) when Gehan saw you ?
16- Hady arrived while ( having – was having – had – have ) my
dinner .
17- Riham ( cleaning – was cleaning – cleaned – is cleaning ) the flat
while her sister was washing up .
18- Nada entered ( while – after – before – during ) I was making a
telephone call
19- While I ( riding – was riding – rode – am riding ) my bicycle,
Heba was having a walk
20- ( During – While – When – As soon as ) her flight, Amany was
nervous .
21- Samy was playing tennis when he ( was falling – falls – fell – had
fallen ) down
22- The daughter of my sister or my brother is my (cousin – uncle –
nephew – niece )
23- I dream of living in the country away from ( empty – quiet –
crowded – calm ) cities
24- It is important for all children to have a good ( expression –
education – cricket – debt).

50
25- Plants grow very quickly in the ( soil – floor – roof – solar ) in our
garden.
26- A ( dentist – vet – surgeon – nurse ) is a doctor who does
operation in a hospital.
27- Our Society should look ( at – over – after – out ) homeless
children .
28- My father promised to ( punish – dismiss – fine – reward ) me if I
pass my exams .
29- A ( cricket – crack – mosquito – fly ) is a kind of jumping insect
which makes a loud noise.
30- Our teacher is a real ( export – expert – geologist – astronaut ) . She knows
everything about Egyptian history.
31- We should look ( up – for – off – at ) blind people .
32- Those who do something good should be ( awarded – rewarded –
honoured – punished )
33- Bertha is the main (person – character – personality – food) in Dickens’s
story The Cricket on the Hearth.
34- If you borrow much money, You'll be in (debt – comfort –
excitement – happiness)
35- I'll go to the club instead ( of – on – from – in ) staying at home .
36- A (poem – report – novel – tale) is a long written story, usually about
characters and events that are not real .

51
37- AAn (employ – employer – employee – employment) is a person or
company that pays people to work for them
38- This film ( makes – draws – writes – shows ) the dark side of life
in Cairo in the 1930s .
39- Charles Dickens went to London to ( gain – earn – win – spend )
money for the family .
40- A ( decade – millennium – fortnight – century ) is a period of
100 years
41- Naguib Mahfouz was famous (from – for – of – on) writing stories
about ordinary people .
42- A (geologist – biologist – journalist – novelist) writes articles for
newspapers and magazines .
43- We cover walls with ( plaster – cluster – rocks – stones ) to give
them a smooth surface.
44- The ( secret – bottom – moral – word ) of the story is that it is
better to tell the truth.
45- We have no ( choice – choose – crack – tray ) in birth and death.
46- After the cup fell on the floor, I saw that it was ( cracked – crept –
grooved – creamed ) .
47- Someone who writes reports for newspapers is called (an actor – a
journalist – a teacher – a singer)
48- Sahar is an honest girl. She never ( tells lies – tells the truth –
tells stories – tells facts ) .

52
49- No sooner (mum had – has mum – had mum – did mum)
finished cooking than we ate .
50- They had hardly done their homework ( than – then – when –
while ) they went out
51- I was not hungry because I (eat – have eaten – had eaten – have
been eating) a lot of fruit.
52- The doctor didn't do anything as the patient ( died – has died –
was died – had died ) when he arrived at the hospital .
53- She went into the Petrol station because she ( run – has run – was
run – had run ) out of petrol .
54- During (watched the film – watching the film – was watching
the film – the film), I fell asleep .
55- ( Do you check – Had you checked – Have you checked – Will you
checked ) the car before driving it yesterday ?
56- You must do it. You have no ( appetite – choose – desire –
choice ) .
57- I tried to pass my exams but I (succeeded – failed – felt – felled).
58- This car is not mine. It belongs ( for – in – to – with ) my father.
59- I saw spiders webs hung from the ( ceiling – roof – floor –
ground )
60- I couldn't see the match because my brother ( watched – had watched –has
watched – was watching ) the film .
3) Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingtheword(s)inbracketsto givethesamemeanings:
1- While I was walking. I saw an accident .
( During )

53
2- When she opened the door. She saw her brother inside the room .
( On )
3- Nady made some mistakes while he was doing his homework .
( When )
4- During her run. She fell down .
( As )
5- While trying to open the door, I broke the key .
( While I )
6- While Hatem was having his breakfast, he heard a cry for help .
( During )
7- As soon as we had decorated the office, we moved into it .
(By the time)
8- Before I traveled to Aswan, I had booked a ticket .
( After )
9- First. I cleaned the flat. Then, I watched the film on TV .
( Until )

54
10- Hazem felt tired while he was studying his lessons .
( When )
11- We went home as soon as the match ended .
( Until )
12- After the customer had paid the bill, he left the shop .
( Having )
13- I didn't buy the jacket until I had tried it on .
( After )
14- The boys were in the middle of a football game when the bell
rang . (Playing )
15- He saw the Eiffel Tower while he was visiting France .
( During )
16- Asmaa arrived home. Then she slept.
(No sooner )
17- After he had eaten bad food, he fainted.
( hardly)

55
18- He had waited for two hours before her arrival.
( till)
5) Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences :
1- A crocket is a kind of jumping insects which makes loud noise.
2- Caleb felt ashamed when Bertha told him how happy she was.
3- If you lend too much money, you willbe in debt.
4- My brother gains a lot of money from his job as a pilot.
9) Write a paragraph of ninety words about ONE (1) only of the following:
a) a story with a moral.
b) a famous modern Egyptian.
Translation :
10. A) Translate into Arabic :
1- Don't borrow large sums of money or you'll get in debt .
3- It is better to be kind than to have a lot of money.
B) Translate into English :
2-‫لقد‬‫العالم‬ ‫أنحاء‬ ‫كل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫عظيما‬ ‫نجاحا‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫االحتياجات‬ ‫ذوو‬ ‫حقق‬.
Words for translation

56
‫الزاوية‬ ‫حجر‬corner stone‫الضيافة‬ ‫كرم‬hospitality
‫سكانية‬ ‫زيادة‬over population‫تكنولوجيا‬technology
‫سكان‬population‫إستثمار‬investment
‫تلوث‬pollution‫يستثمر‬invest
‫امدادات‬ /‫مؤن‬supplies‫القومى‬ ‫الدخل‬national income
‫بشرية‬humanity‫الشوارع‬ ‫أطفال‬street children
‫مشرد‬homeless‫يزداد‬increase
‫تقدم‬progress‫يقل‬decrease
‫ترف‬luxury‫عتبر‬ُ‫ي‬is considered
‫نقص‬shortage‫سياحة‬tourism
‫إحتياجات‬needs‫سائح‬tourist
‫رخاء‬prosperity‫إرهاب‬terrorism
‫رفاهية‬welfare‫إرهابى‬terrorist
Translate into English:
-‫ال‬ ‫لكى‬ ‫نكذب‬ ‫ان‬ ‫الظروف‬ ‫تضطرنا‬ ‫أحيانا‬.‫نحبهم‬ ‫من‬ ‫نحزن‬
-.‫القصص‬ ‫بكتابة‬ ‫مشهور‬ ‫ديكنز‬ ‫تشارلز‬ ‫االنجليزى‬ ‫الكاتب‬
Senior teacher
Boys
01229603498

57
‫ممكن‬possible‫مخ‬brain
‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬temperature‫عقل‬mind
‫هضم‬digestion‫قوة‬power
‫يهضم‬digest‫قوى‬powerful
‫يخمن‬guess‫ذاكرة‬memory
‫فتحات‬holes‫يتذكر‬remember
‫كور‬balls‫ُذكر‬‫ي‬remind
‫اسفل‬ ‫الى‬downwards‫تصويرية‬ ‫ذاكرة‬Photographic memory
‫ضوء‬light‫الحال‬ ‫فى‬immediately
‫الشمس‬ ‫ضوء‬sunlight‫يخبئ‬hidehidhidden
‫اسعاف‬ ‫سيارة‬ambulance‫يصدق‬ ‫ال‬incredible
‫العاب‬ ‫صالة‬gym‫يصدق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بشكل‬incredibly
‫يفصل‬separate‫انسان‬human
‫يتنفس‬breathe‫رحيم‬humane= merciful
‫نفس‬breath‫قديم‬out of date
‫سر‬ ‫كلمة‬password)‫(اسماء‬ ‫قائمة‬list

58
‫متواضع‬modest)‫(طعام‬ ‫قائمة‬menu
‫حاسبة‬ ‫الة‬calculator‫عال‬ ‫بصوت‬ ‫يقرأ‬read out
‫مميز‬ /‫خاص‬special‫معقد‬complex=complicated
‫طبيعى‬ /‫عادى‬normal‫الم‬pain
‫تلف‬ / ‫يتلف‬damage‫مؤلم‬painful
‫تعلم‬learning‫خاليا‬cells
‫يركز‬concentrate‫يسيطر‬ /‫يتحكم‬control
‫محبط‬disappointed‫حواس‬senses
‫يبدو‬ /‫صوت‬sound‫يحلل‬analyse
‫ما‬ ‫حد‬ ‫الى‬quite‫تحليل‬analysis
‫هادئ‬quiet‫ذلك‬ ‫من‬ ‫بدال‬hurt
‫فراغ‬ ‫وقت‬free time‫رسائل‬ ‫يرسل‬send messages
‫مهم‬important‫رسائل‬ ‫يستلم‬receive messages
‫اهمية‬importance‫معملية‬ ‫تجربة‬experiment
‫يكرر‬repeat‫إختالف‬difference
‫منحة‬ /‫هبة‬gift‫مختلف‬different
‫خالق‬creator‫يختلف‬differ
‫معجزة‬miracle‫محتمل‬probably

59
‫نصيحة‬ ‫يعطى‬give advice‫لياقته‬ ‫على‬ ‫يحافظ‬keep fit
‫مالحظة‬ ‫يدون‬make a note of‫ذكريات‬ ‫يخزن‬store memories
‫الفرق‬ ‫يتذوق‬taste the difference‫قائمة‬ ‫يعد‬make a list
‫يتأكد‬make sure‫يستوعب‬get…right
‫بنهاية‬by the end of‫بااللم‬ ‫يشعر‬feel pain
Examples:
- Your brain stores past memories.
- With your brain you can smell flowers, feel pain and hear your singer.
- Make sure that you finish all the jobs mom asked you to do.
- Grandpa gave me advice to study hard. = Grandpa advised me to study hard.
‫فى‬ ‫يركز‬concentrate on‫لـــ‬ ‫مفيد‬useful for
‫لـــ‬ ‫اختصار‬short for‫فى‬ ‫فظيع‬terrible at
‫بــ‬ ‫مقارنة‬compared withto‫فى‬ ‫جيد‬good at
‫على‬ ‫قادر‬be able to‫فى‬ ‫سىء‬bad at
‫على‬ ‫قادر‬be capable of‫يلتقط‬pick up
‫ُمكن‬‫ي‬enable….to‫الى‬ ‫يرسل‬send…….to
‫الى‬ ‫يتطلع‬look forward to‫من‬ ‫يستلم‬receive….from
‫بـ‬ ‫ُذكر‬‫ي‬remind of‫يخرج‬take….out
‫لــ‬ ‫مفيد‬helpful for‫مفتاح‬‫لـــ‬key to
Examples:
- Ali is able to drive a car = Ali is capable of driving a car.
- The mouse enables us to move around the screen.
- Take your hand out of hot water.
- I'm not good at remembering names.
- Our brain sends messages to all our senses.
- VIP is short for very important person.

60
- Compared with computers, our brain is more complex.
- Collocations
 cclloossee –– cclloosseedd-- cclloosseedd ‫يغلق‬‫يغلق‬
( close a door, close your eyes, close an e-mail)
 gguueessss –– gguueesssseedd –– gguueesssseedd ‫يخمن‬‫يخمن‬
( guess answer, guess a result, guess a meaning, guess age,
person, place.)
 rreecceeiivvee –– rreecceeiivveedd –– rreecceeiivveedd ‫يتلقى‬ / ‫يستلم‬‫يتلقى‬ / ‫يستلم‬
( receive a message, receive an e-mail, receive invitation, receive a
present, receive a visit, receive a guest )
 sseenndd –– sseenntt –– sseenntt ‫يرسل‬‫يرسل‬
( send a letter, send an e-mail, send greetings )
 hhaavvee –– hhaadd –– hhaadd ‫يتناول‬ /‫ياخذ‬‫يتناول‬ /‫ياخذ‬
( have a shower, have a bath, have a rest, have a drink,
have a discussion )
Definitions
11-- aannaallyyssee ‫يحلل‬ (aannaallyyssiiss ‫تحليل‬ - aannaallyysstt ‫)محلل‬
-- TToo eexxaammiinnee oorr tthhiinnkk aabboouutt ssoommeetthhiinngg ccaarreeffuullllyy ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd iitt..
22-- bbrreeaatthhee ‫يتنفس‬ (bbrreeaatthh ‫نفس‬ – bbrreeaatthhee iinn ‫يستنشق‬ – bbrreeaatthhee oouutt
‫)يزفر‬
-- TToo ttaakkee aaiirr iinnttoo yyoouurr lluunnggss aanndd lleett iitt oouutt aaggaaiinn..
33-- cceellllss ‫خاليا‬
-- TThhee ssmmaalllleesstt ppaarrttss ooff aanniimmaallss aanndd ppllaannttss..

61
44-- ccoommpplleexx ‫معقد‬ (ccoommpplliiccaatteedd ‫معقد‬ )
-- CCoonnssiissttiinnggooffmmaannyyccoonnnneecctteeddppaarrttss,,eessppeecciiaallllyyiinnaawwaayytthhaattiissddiiffffiiccuulltt ttoouunnddeerrssttaannddoorreexxppllaaiinn..
55-- ppaaiinn ‫الم‬ (ppaaiinnffuull ‫مؤلم‬- ppaaiinnffuullllyy ‫بالم‬)
-- TThhee ffeeeelliinngg yyoouu hhaavvee wwhheenn ppaarrtt ooff yyoouurr bbooddyy hhuurrttss..
66-- ppoowweerrffuull ‫قوى‬ (ppoowweerr ‫قوة‬ )
-- HHaavviinngg aa lloott ooff pphhyyssiiccaall ppoowweerr,, ssttrreennggtthh,, oorr ffoorrccee..
77-- tteemmppeerraattuurree ‫حرارة‬ ‫درجة‬
-- HHooww hhoott oorr ccoolldd ssoommeetthhiinngg iiss..
88-- ccllaassss ‫دراسى‬ ‫فصل‬
-- AA ggrroouupp ooff ppeeooppllee wwhhoo ssttuuddyy ttooggeetthheerr..
99-- iinnccrreeddiibbllee ‫يعقل‬ ‫ال‬ (iinnccrreeddiibbllyy ‫يصدق‬ ‫ال‬ ‫بشكل‬ )
-- IItt iiss ddiiffffiiccuulltt oorr iimmppoossssiibbllee ttoo bbeelliieevvee..
1100-- ppaasssswwoorrdd ‫سر‬ ‫كلمة‬
-- AA ssppeecciiaall wwoorrdd tthhaatt yyoouu nneeeedd bbeeffoorree yyoouu ccaann eenntteerr ssoommeetthhiinngg oorr uussee aa ccoommppuutteerr..
1111-- pphhoottooggrraapphhiicc mmeemmoorryy ‫تصويرية‬ ‫ذاكرة‬
-- TThhee aabbiilliittyy ttoo rreemmeemmbbeerr ssoommeetthhiinngg bbyy llooookkiinngg aatt iitt..
1122-- rreeppeeaatt ‫يكرر‬
-- TToo ssaayy aaggaaiinn..

62
Language functions
 Giving advice ‫النصح‬ ‫إعطاء‬
‫ما‬ ‫لشخص‬ ‫النصح‬ ‫اعطاء‬ ‫منك‬ ‫طلب‬ ‫اذا‬:‫االتية‬ ‫الصيغ‬ ‫احدى‬ ‫استحدم‬
- You should + Inf. / You shouldn't +Inf.
- You would rather ('d rather) +Inf.
- You had better ('d better) + Inf.
- If I were you,I'd + Inf. / If I were you,I wouldn't +Inf.
- The best thing you do is to + Inf.
- I advise you to…………
You have 100,000,000,000 of these
Brains compared with computers
You have something that is more complex than the most
powerful computer. With it you can see and smell flowers, remember
holidays, feel pain, hear your favourite singer’s voice and think. This
thing, which is in your head and weighs a kilo, is your brain.
How the brain controls what we do
Your brain has about a hundred billion (100,000.000.000) cells,
and controls everything you do. It receives information from your
senses, analyses it, then sends messages. For example, when you put
your hand in hot water, you think. “That hurts” and you take your hand
out of the water. Your brain receives the message, "Very hot" from
Reading

63
your hand, then immediately sends a message back to your hand, Take
your hand out of the water."
The importance of all the senses
Our senses often work together. For example, try the experiment.
Cut a piece of apple, banana and orange. Close your eyes, hold your
nose, then taste the fruit. Can you taste the difference between the
fruits? Probably not. This is because when you eat something, your
brain receives messages from your mouth, eyes and nose.
Examples of what the brain can do
Your brain also stores past, memories and this makes learning
and remembering possible. At the same time, your brain controls your
breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.
It's important to guess
When you hear a sound, your brain tries to guess where it is
coming from. So, if you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone,
your brain may guess that the telephone is ringing. But if someone
picks up the phone and the ringing sound continues, your brain will
guess again. Maybe it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.
[[[[
Holes and balls
If you look at the picture, you will see an X made of balls. Around
the X are holes. If you turn the picture the other way, you will see that
the X is made of holes and around it there are balls. Why is this?
Scientists say that our brains always think that light comes downwards,
perhaps because sunlight comes down. Now look at the picture again
where is the lightest part of each ball or hole?

64
1- What is the difference between “brain” and “mind”?
Brain is the organ inside our head that controls how we think, feel,
and move.
Mind is the part of our brain used for thinking and imagining things.
2-What five senses does the brain receive messages from?
- Sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch.
4- How heavy is your brain?
- It weighs a Kilo.
3- How does the brain help us to learn and remember?
Why is the brain important in the process of learning?
- It stores past memories and this makes learning and remembering
possible.
5- What happens when you put your hand in hot water?
- Your brain receives the message "very hot" from your hand, then
immediately sends a message back to your hand “Take your
hand out of the water " .
6- In what way is your brain like a computer?
Reading Questions

65
- It is more complex than the most powerful computer. It sends and
receives messages. It stores memories.
7- How long cells are there in your brain?
- A hundred billion cells.
8- How does the brain work with the information it receives?
- It analyses it then sends messages back .
9- How do remembering abilities differ from one person to
another?
- Some peoplehave powerful memory, some people have weak memory
and some have photographic memory.
10- How does the brain control all the body's functions?
- It controls breathing, heart, body temperature and digestion.
11- How would life be different without the sense of sight?
- We can't recognize colours, shapes or sizes, life would be hard.
12- Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose
and close your eyes?
- Because our senses often work together, when we eat something,
our brain receives messages from our mouth, eyes and nose.

66
13- Why do our brains think that light comes down wards?
- Because natural light comes downwards.
14- Which sense is the most important?
- The sight, without the sight we can't recognize colours , shapes
or size. Life would be hard.
Writing an e-mail
‫من‬ ‫االيميل‬ ‫يعد‬‫وك‬ ‫ختامية‬ ‫او‬ ‫افتتاحية‬ ‫جمل‬ ‫او‬ ‫مقدمات‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يحتاج‬ ‫ال‬ ‫فهو‬ ‫رسمية‬ ‫الغير‬ ‫الرسائل‬‫علينا‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ل‬
‫ثم‬ )‫(الى‬ ‫خانة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫اليه‬ ‫المرسل‬ ‫ايميل‬ ‫او‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫وكتابة‬ )‫(من‬ ‫خانة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الراسل‬ ‫ايميل‬ ‫او‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫كتابة‬ ‫هو‬‫عنوان‬
‫الكت‬ ‫فى‬ ‫نبدا‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫هاى‬ ‫او‬ ‫عزيزى‬ ‫بكلمة‬ ‫االيميل‬ ‫نبدأ‬ ‫ثم‬ )‫(الموضوع‬ ‫خانة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الرسالة‬‫الم‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ابة‬‫وضوع‬
.‫مباشرة‬
Example:
Write an e-mail to your friend Adel to tell him about your ideal person
whom you admire most in your life. Your e-mail is
mahrousahmed77@yahoo.com and your friend's e-mail is
adel79@yahoo.com
To adel79@yahoo.com
From mahrousahmed77 @ yahoo.com
Subject The Ideal person whom I admire most
Hi Adel
How areyou?I'm goingtotellyouabouttheideal person whom I admire
most in my life. She is my mother. I love her verymuch. Shealwayslooks after
me when I am ill. She also cookswell.She is kindand helpful.Shealways smiles
to us eventhoughsheis verytired. She is doingher best to makeus happy. Indeed,
she is the person who deserves my love and respect.What about you?

67
If + S + Present simple S +
Present Simple
If + S + Present simple S +
willcanmay + Inf
The zero conditional ‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬
The First conditional ‫االولى‬ ‫الحالة‬
Conditional sentences
‫الطبيع‬ ‫كقوانين‬ ‫علمية‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ً‫ا‬‫غالب‬ ‫ثابتة‬ ‫حقائق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫للتعبير‬ ‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫تستخدم‬: ‫الفلك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الفيزياء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ة‬
- If plants don’t get enough water, they die.
-If you heat ice, it melts.
‫إستخدام‬ ‫ويمكن‬when‫من‬ ‫بدال‬If.‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫فى‬)‫الحقائق‬ ‫فى‬ ‫(وخصوصا‬
-When you boil water, it turns into steam.
-Metals contract when they are cooled.
‫وغالبا‬:‫للمجهول‬ ‫المبنى‬ ‫في‬ ‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫ما‬
Ex: If thereisadrought,theannualringsoftreesareclosetogether.
Ex: If metals are heated, they expand.
 ‫أحداث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫تعبر‬.‫المستقبل‬ ‫فى‬ ‫محتملة‬
- If it rains, we’ll get wet.
- We’ll see the whole match if we leave now.
- If she works hard, she will pass the test.
- Unless he works hard, he won’t succeed.
‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬can / may should must‫من‬ ‫بدال‬will
- If we have enough time, we can visit Ahmed.
.‫طلب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أمر‬ ‫الشرط‬ ‫جواب‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
-If you see Asmaa, give her a message for me, please.
‫من‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫االتية‬ ‫الكلمات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬fi:‫وهى‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫فى‬
AAss lloonngg aass,, pprroovviiddeedd tthhaatt,, pprroovviiddiinngg,, oonn ccoonnddiittiioonn tthhaatt,, iinn ccaassee

68
The Second Conditional ‫الثانية‬ ‫الحالة‬
If + S + Past simple S + could would might + Inf
- I will go to the cinema as long as you go with me.
:‫مثل‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫كلمات‬ ‫بالجملة‬ ‫وجد‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫وليس‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫نستخدم‬ :‫الطلبه‬ ‫من‬ ‫للصفوة‬
TToonniigghhtt,, ttoommoorrrrooww,, hheerree,, tthheerree,, tthhiiss,, tthhaatt
- If it rains tonight, I won't go out.
‫الحالة‬ ‫تستخدم‬‫لتعكس‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫اى‬ ‫الواقع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫الحدوث‬ ‫محتملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫اشياء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫لتعبر‬ ‫الثانية‬‫الواقع‬ ‫حالة‬:
- IfIhadmuchmoney,Iwouldbuyacar. (Idon’thavemuchmoneysoIcan’t’buyacar.)
- If I were a bird, I would fly. ( I’m not a bird and I can’t fly.)
‫الحالة‬ ‫تستخدم‬‫النصح‬ ‫العطاء‬ ‫الثانية‬:
-If I were you, I’d see a doctor
Note : If I were you = If I were in your shoesplace, I’d……
:‫هامة‬ ‫مالحظات‬
‫تحل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬Were‫محل‬If)‫تغيير‬ ‫أى‬ ‫بال‬ ( .‫الجملة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫أصال‬ ‫موجدة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫أذا‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫فى‬
WWeerree ++ SS.. ++ nnoouunn……………….. SS.. ++ wwoouulldd ccoouulldd ++ IInnff..
Ex:IfIwererich,Iwouldhelppoorpeople. = WereIrich,Iwouldhelppoorpeople.
‫كانت‬ ‫إن‬ ‫أما‬Were‫من‬ ‫بدال‬ ‫إستخدامها‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫فإنه‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫غير‬If:‫إستخدم‬ ‫ولكن‬
WWeerree ++ SS.. ++ ttoo ++ IInnff……………….. SS.. ++ wwoouulldd ccoouulldd ++ IInnff..
Ex: Were he to know the address, he would give it to me.
‫إستخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬Without But for If it weren't for‫من‬ ‫بدال‬If…..not:‫ولكن‬
WWiitthhoouutt BBuutt ffoorr IIff iitt wweerreenn''tt ffoorr ++ nnoouunn VV--iinngg,, SS.. ++ wwoouulldd ++ IInnff..
Ex: If it weren’t for his encouragement, I would fail.
‫إستخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬In case of + noun V-ing‫من‬ ً‫ال‬‫بد‬If + S. + Past Simple.) ‫إثبات‬ (
Ex: In case of playing well, Mai would win the match.
‫إستخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬Should + S. + Inf.‫من‬ ً‫ال‬‫بد‬If + S. + Past Simple

69
SShhoouulldd ++ SS.. ++ IInnff.. …………..SS.. ++ wwoouulldd ccoouulldd ++ IInnff..
Ex: If he takes more exercise, he may feel better. ( Should )
Should he take more exercise, he may feel better.
‫إستخدام‬ ‫يمكن‬Had‫من‬ ً‫ال‬‫بد‬If.‫اساسى‬ ‫فعل‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫اذا‬
HHaadd ++ SS.. ++ nnoouunn …………..SS.. ++ wwoouulldd ccoouulldd ++ IInnff..
Ex:IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyacar.=HadIenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyacar.
‫جمل‬ ‫نحل‬ ‫كيف‬if:
1‫عن‬ ‫تعبران‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫اعطى‬ ‫اذا‬ ).‫الصفرية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫استخدم‬ ‫حقيقة‬
Ex: When you boil water, it evaporates. (If)
If you boil water, it evaporates.
2.‫االولى‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫استخدم‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫تعبيرات‬ ‫احد‬ ‫كالهما‬ ‫او‬ ‫باحدهما‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫اعطى‬ ‫اذا‬ )
Ex: I promise to buy you a tablet but get high marks. (If)
If you get high marks , I’ll buy you a tablet.
3‫ونثب‬ ‫ماضى‬ ‫الى‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫ونحول‬ ‫الثانية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫فاننا‬ ‫المضارع‬ ‫فى‬ ‫جملتين‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫اعطى‬ ‫إذا‬ )‫المنفى‬ ‫ت‬
.)‫الواقع‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫نعكس‬ ‫(الننا‬ ‫المثبت‬ ‫وننفى‬
Ex: I am not a doctor so I can’t help you. (If)
If I was a doctor, I could help you.
4.‫الثانية‬ ‫الحالة‬ ‫نستخدم‬ ‫فاننا‬ ‫النصيحة‬ ‫تعبيرات‬ ‫احد‬ ‫وبها‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫جملة‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫اعطى‬ ‫اذا‬ )
Ex: You should not smoke. (If)
If I were you, I would not smoke.
Senior teacher

70
1) Finish the followingdialogue:
Magdy: How did you feel when you first moved to England?
Walid : (1)………………………………….. Everything was different!
Magdy: Do you like English food?
Walid : Yes (2)………………………………….. It's very nice.
Magdy: Is it true that all English people are very friendly?
Walid : (3)………………………….. Some of them are friendly, but not all of them.
Magdy: (4)………………………………………………………………….?
Walid : Certainly. What would you like me to do.
Magdy: Can you show me your photos of England. I'd love to see them.
2) Write what youwould say in eachof the following situations:
1- Your sister is asking your advice about using a vocabulary book.
2- Yourfrienddidbadlyinthelast Englishtest.Whatdoyouadvisehimtodo?
3- Modestlyyouwantto saythatyouaregoodat English.
4- You advise your friend not to watch too much TV.
3) Choose the correct answer

71
1- The doctor ( analysis – analytic – analytical – analysed ) the food
and found that it contained poison .
2- A ( passage – password – pastime – passport ) is a special word youneed
before you can use a computer .
3- ( If – Unless – Without – Should ) your help, he wouldn't get the
job
4- If dinner is not ready, I (go –will go– would go –would have gone)
without it .
5- He ( will look – may look – would look – would have looked ) a
lotbetter if he shaved more often .
6- If I ( win – won – had won – can win ) a big prize in a lottery, I'd
give up my job .
7- If you (won't believe – didn't believe – don't believe – hadn't
believed) what I say, ask your mother .
8- Water (will vaporize – vaporizes – might vaporize – would
vaporize) if it is heated .
9- If I had no money, I (will borrow – would borrow – may borrow -
would have borrow) some from you .
10- If he ( fails – failed – had failed – will fail ) his father would be
very angry .
11- I ( would be – will be – would have been – might be ) very angry
if hemakes any more mistakes .
12- If it ( rain – rains – will rain – rained ), streets get wet .

72
13- If he needs a camera, he ( can – might – would have – would )
borrow mine .
14- Steam condenses if it ( was – were – is – been ) cooled .
15- He ( said – sent – told – received ) her a letter a week ago .
16- I've just ( sent– moved – heard – received ) an e-mail from my friend in
Japan. He is visiting me next year .
17- If you concentrate ( in – at – on – for ) your studies, you will get
high marks .
18- She promised to buy me a watch if I (made –did –helped –failed)
well at school.
19- I'll go to the cinema with you if I have (free – no – busy – not)
time.
20- He wanted a (recently – recent – soon – lately) photo.
21- The ( tongue – eye – brain – train ) controls everything man does
.
22- Normal human body (temperature – heat – breathe – heating) is
usually 37ْ c
23- He lost his ( smell – eyesight – touch – hearing ) during his
childhood and become blind .
24- We should ( do – make – play – mend ) sure of the answers .
25- ( Photo – Photograph–Photographic –Paragraph) memory meanstobe able
to remembersomethingby lookingat it .

73
26- The human brain has about 100 billion ( sales – sells – cells –
calls ) .
27- Noura sent me a (camera – message – letter – fax) through the
internet .
28- ( Cellars – calls – callers – cells ) are the smallest parts of animals
and plants .
29- She has an ( incredible – incredibly – increase – interested )
memory .
30- If water is heated, It ( boiled – would boil – boil – boils )
31- I can't see if I ( mustn't – didn't – won't – don't ) wear my glass .
32- If you hear any news, (can –would –should – could) you let me
know immediately?
33- You won't get there on time ( if – unless – without – in case of )
you hurry .
34- Without ( read – have read – reading – is reading ) the questions carefully,
You couldn't answer them correctly .
35- Unless I ( has – have had – have – had had ) enough money, I'll
borrow some from you .
36- He will get high marks if he ( is – was – were – are ) clever .
37- ( Without – If – Unless – In case of ) a proper plan, you can't
reach your goals
38- It will be very ( pain – painful – painfully – pains ) if you put your
hand in hot water .

74
39- My mother sometimes helps me (in – with – from – on) my
homework.
40- To pass your tests, do ( well – good – bad – badly ) at school .
41- ( Sunlight – Electric light – Moon light – House light ) is very
important for the growth of plants .
42- Emad was (pleased – glad – happy – disappointed) when he knew
that he had failed his English test.
43- We usually do (shopping – exercises – experiments –
experiences) in the school laboratory .
44- If you don't know the meaning of a word, try to (ignore –guess –
omit – forget) it
45- The brain not only receives information from senses but also ( writes –
sends – records – creates ) messages .
46- The brain is not simple. It is more (complex – light – heavy –
expensive) than the most powerful computer.
47- The brain enables our different senses to work (alone–slowly–
separately–together) .
48- Your brain receives information from your senses (writes – sees –observes –
analyses ) it, then sends messages .
49- I want to visit my friend Hany but I can't remember his ( name –
town – address – country ) .
50- Please, type in your ( letters – languages – password – image ) to be
allowed to use this computer system .
51- What could you do if you (have – had – had had – are having) a
million dollars ?

75
52- Unless you ( were – are – will be – is ) polite, no one will like you
.
53- Wood floats if it ( is put – put – was put – will put ) on water .
54- If you have a holiday, where ( will – would – could – did ) you
spend it ?
55- ( Digestion – Indigestion – suggestion – Education ) help change
the food we eat into very simple substances useful to our
bodies .
56- Can I ( do – make – say – receive ) a suggestion ?
57- Brains store past ( memories – souvenirs – museums –
merchants ) and this makes learning and remembering possible .
58- Our senses receive (letters – e-mails – messages – calls) from the
brain .
59- The human brain ( weighs – costs – buys – sells about 1 Kg .
60- The boy felt some ( hunger – noise – pain – health ) in his leg
when he fell off his bike .
61- My computer is quite (weak – small – powerful – young) It has
160 GB .
62- The weather is ( quit – quiet – quite – quietly ) good today .
63- I have a good memory ( of – for – with – by ) names .
64- My little daughter is good ( in – at – on – with ) doing sums .
65- Teachers should ( remind – remember – analyse – look )
students' names .
4) Rewrite

76
1- I borrow books at times of need .
( If )
2- Plants don't grow without light .
( If )
3- Perhaps he will come tomorrow. If so, I'll meet him .
( If )
4- If you didn't read the book carefully, you wouldn't understand it .
( Unless / Without )
5- I can't tell you what this word means as I don't know French .
( If )
6- He doesn't take any exercise, so he is fat .
( If )
7- Without television, people would go out more .
( If )
8- You should tell your father the truth .
( If )

77
9- You must have a ticket or you will not enter the cinema .
( Unless )
10- I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a modern car .
( If )
11- Without your patience, you couldn't be responsible for your
business. ( Unless )
12- Unless you studied hard, you wouldn't get high marks .
( If )
13- Hard-working people will get more money .
( Unless )
14- Don't play with knives or you'll cut yourself .
( If )
15- If they didn't play well, they'd lose the match .
( Unless )
5) Find and correct the mistakes inthe followingsentences :
1- Mahmoud always understands the most complete maths problems.
2- I have a great memory, so I can reward everything my mother told me last night.
3- “Send how many students there are in my class.” “I don’t know.” “About 45.”

78
4- The human mind is more complex than the most powerfulcomputer.
E) Translation :
* Translate into Arabic :
1- Nature is sometimes the friend of man and sometimes his enemy .
2- Games and sports are very important for building our bodies .
* Translate into English :
1-.‫الخالق‬ ‫معجزات‬ ‫إحدى‬ ‫البشرى‬ ‫العقل‬
‫الشوارع‬ ‫اطفال‬street children‫جمهور‬audience
‫مشرد‬homelessً‫ا‬‫عروض‬ ‫يقدم‬do shows
‫المشردين‬the homeless‫يطرد‬ /‫يبعد‬drive away
‫مجتمع‬societyً‫ال‬‫ما‬ ‫يربح‬earn money
‫خبراء‬experts‫حوار‬interview
‫فقيرة‬ ‫دول‬poor countries‫محاور‬interviewer
‫أسباب‬reasons‫يقدم‬introduce
‫ينمو‬ /‫يكبر‬grow up‫المسرح‬ ‫خشبة‬ ‫على‬on stage
‫فقر‬poverty‫اجزاء‬parts
‫مشترك‬common‫مندهش‬surprised
‫كوارث‬disasters‫مدهش‬surprising

79
‫زالزل‬earthquakes‫حقيقي‬true
‫يختفى‬disappear‫العمر‬ ‫نفس‬the same age
‫افضل‬ ‫مستقبل‬better future‫جامعة‬university
‫والدين‬parents‫شخصيات‬characters
‫عنيف‬violent‫ضد‬ / ‫مقابل‬opposite
‫عنف‬violence‫اجداد‬grandparents
‫عمل‬business‫صديق‬ ‫افضل‬best friend
Extra Reading
Today's Street Children
Homeless children like Oliver Twist, who lived on the streets of English towns and
cities in the time of Charles Dickens, were a real problem for society. The problem is still
with us. Experts think that there are now more than 100 million homeless children on the
streets in the world today. This is not only a problem in poor countries. There are also
street children in rich countries.
There are many different reasons why children live and grow up on the streets.
One of the most common reasons is poverty. Some very poor families who do not have
enough money to feed their children send them away to make a new life for themselves.
Some children leave unhappy homes to live with other children. Other reasons include war
and disasters like earthquakes, in which a child's parents are killed and children are left to
look after themselves.
City streets can be violent and dangerous and some children become thieves in
order to live. But many street children work hard to build a home for themselves, to make
friends and to earn money.

مذكرة لغة انجليزية للصف الاول الثانوى ترم اول 2017 - موقع ملزمتي

مذكرة لغة انجليزية للصف الاول الثانوى ترم اول 2017 - موقع ملزمتي

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