This work is elaborated by students of the UNAD, in the course of translation techniques.

1. TRANSLATION
TECHNIQUES
CODE: 551037_22
GEMALYS JOHANA CORDOBA
ANDREA M. FAYAD
DANIELA HOLGUIN
MARGY KATHERINE TABORDA
CAROLINA TRIVIÑO
OCTOBER 15th 2018

2. PARAGRAPH 1
PARAGRAPH 1
The next few decades will see great changes in the
way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil
producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached,
and there are increasing fears of global warming.
Consequently, many countries are focusing on the
switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will
lead to major changes in the supply and use of
electricity. Firstly, there will be an increase in overall
demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to
electricity to power their homes and vehicles.
Secondly, there will be an increase in power
generation, not only in terms of how much is
generated, but also how it is generated, as there is
growing electricity generation from renewable sources.
To meet these challenges, countries are investing in
Smart Grid technology. This system aims to provide
the electricity industry with a better understanding of
power generation and demand, and to use this
information to create a more efficient power network.
PARRAFO 1
En las siguientes décadas se verán geniales cambios en la
manera como la energía es suplida y usada. En las mayores
naciones productoras de aceite “peak oil” ha sido alcanzado
y está incrementando temores por el calentamiento global.
Consecuentemente, muchos países se están interesando en
cambios para una baja economía del carbón. Esa transición
dejará mayores cambios al suplir y usar la electricidad.
Primeramente, habrá un incremento general en las
demandas, como consumidores cambiar la electricidad a
base de aceite por electricidad a base de gas para suplir
sus casas y vehículos. Como segundo habrá un incremento
en la generación de energía, no solo en términos de cuánto se
genera, si no también cómo se genera, como hay incremento
en la generación de energía a base de recursos
renovables. Para conocer esos retos, los países están
invirtiendo en redes tecnológicas inteligentes. Este sistema
apunta a proveer la industria eléctrica con mejores
conocimientos sobre generación y demanda, y el uso de esa
información para crear una red eléctrica más eficiente.

3. I got ready to do the choosed text translation but it was not so easy because not recognize
some words, which limited me to know the idea that the author would like to say.
Another difficulty that I had, was that I knew words on the text but no with sense or
meaning that it had on this text (the named homonyms words) for this reason was
necessary discover another meaning had for that word. Likewise, I found unknown
expressions, which do not have coherent sense on the text when their were translated
exactly. In summary that I did for to get this text translation was to translate every word
but choosing in many cases the better meaning so that text has sense. Then, Later I
noticed that although each word had been translated, it was necessary to use synonyms in
Spanish to make it coherent.
Reflection

4. CHART
BY: Gemalys Johana Cordoba

5. PARAGRAPH 2
PARAGRAPH 2
Smart Grid technology basically involves the
application of a computer system to the electricity
network. The computer system can be used to
collect information about supply and demand and
improve engineer's ability to manage the system.
With better information about electricity demand,
the network will be able to increase the amount of
electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to
potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon
emissions. Moreover, the computer system will
assist in reducing operational and maintenance
costs
PÁRRAFO 2:
La tecnología Smart Grid (red eléctrica inteligente)
básicamente involucra la aplicación de un sistema de
computación a la red de electricidad. El sistema de
computación puede ser usado para recolectar
información de oferta y demanda y mejorar la habilidad
de los ingenieros para manejar el sistema. Con una
mejor información de la demanda de electricidad, la red
será capaz de aumentar la cantidad de electricidad
entregada por cada unidad generada, llevando a la
potencial reducción de combustible y emisiones de
carbono. Además, el sistema de computación ayudará a
reducir costos operacionales y de mantenimiento.

6. When translating a text, in most of the cases I feel comfortable about it, however, when I started the translation of
this paragraph 2, I could notice the text included words that I am not very familiar with. Therefore, at the
beginning, I was somewhat lost. One difficult part was to find the exact word to change it into the target language
and to be able to organize some ideas without altering the content. The strategy I commonly use when translating a
text is proof reading, it means, I read the whole text several times to better understand its meaning, then I start to
translate. Once I finish, I read the result several times to find mistakes or a better way to redact the ideas. With this
paragraph 2, and knowing a little more about the different techniques, at first, I tried to translate directly by using
the literal translation technique but I could not do it with the whole text because there were some grammatical
sentences and structures that change a little bit between English and Spanish. Therefore, I resorted to different
techniques, including:
Shifts or transpositions
Adaptation
Modulation
Moreover, if I do not know a word, I use wordreference.com or sometimes a dictionary and I always make sure that
its meaning is consistent with the content of the text.
Reflection

7. CHART
BY: Daniela Holguín

8. PARAGRAPH 3
PARAGRAPH 3
Smart grid technology offers benefits to the
consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time
information on their energy use for each appliance.
Varying tariffs throughout the day will give
customers the incentive to use appliances at times
when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading to
great reductions in bills. For example, they may use
their washing machines at night. smart meters can
also be connected to the internet or telephone
system, allowing customers to switch appliances on
or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted
with the apparatus to generate their own power,
appliances can be set to run directly from the on-
site power source, and any excess can be sold to the
grid.
PÁRRAFO 3
La tecnología Smart Grid también ofrece beneficios para el
consumidor. podrán recopilar información en tiempo real sobre
su uso de energía para cada aparato. La variación de las tarifas
a lo largo del día dará a los clientes el incentivo de usar
electrodomésticos en momentos en que la oferta exceda en
gran medida la demanda, lo que dará lugar a grandes
reducciones en las facturas. por ejemplo, pueden usar sus
lavadoras por la noche. Los medidores inteligentes también se
pueden conectar a internet o al sistema telefónico, lo que
permite a los clientes encender o apagar aparatos de forma
remota. además, si las casas están equipadas con el aparato
para generar su propia energía, los dispositivos se pueden
configurar para que funcionen directamente desde la fuente de
energía en el sitio, y cualquier exceso se puede vender a la red.

9. Reflection
To translate paragraph 3, I felt good, although many words did not know its definition, I think I was not
very familiar, I lost at one point and did not know how to follow the translation, since I had to organize
it so that it could be understood in our language in a more familiar way.
The strategy that was used was Loan that consists of using a word or expression of the original text in
the target text, it is about reproducing as it is an expression of the original text.
also use the adaptation, or cultural substitution, since it consists of replacing a cultural element of the
original text with one that is better adapted to the culture of the target language, thus achieving a more
comprehensible text.
That is how, through these, the translation of paragraph 3 was made.

10. CHART
BY: Margy Katherine Taborda

11. PARAGRAPH 4
PARRAFO 4
Con estos cambios se acercan grandes retos. El primero
involucra administrar la oferta y la demanda. Recursos de
energía renovable, tales como viento, energía solar y marítima,
son notablemente impredecibles, y la energía nuclear , la cual
está lista para ser incrementada en las naciones como fuente de
energía alternativa, es inflexible. Con aceite y gas, es
relativamente simple incrementar el suministro de energía, al
igual que el incremento de la demanda durante las horas pico del
día o del año. Con fuentes alternativas, esto está lejos de ser mas
difícil, y tal vez conlleve a apagones o colapso del sistema.
Soluciones potenciales incluyen investigar nuevos y eficientes
caminos para almacenar energía y animar a los consumidores a
usar electricidad en las horas valle. Una segunda problemática
es el hecho que muchos recursos de fuentes renovables de
energía están localizados en áreas remotas, tales como tierras
altas y regiones costeras, allí es donde está actualmente una
ausencia de infraestructura eléctrica. Por lo tanto, Nuevas
infraestructuras deberán ser construidas. Gracias al
mejoramiento de la tecnología inteligente, estas pueden ser
hechas eficientemente reduciendo los sobre costos en las
construcciones.
PARAGRAPH 4
With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first
involves managing the supply and demand. Sources of
renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are
notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is
also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy
sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively
simple to increase the supply of energy to match the
increasing demand during peak times of the day or year.
With alternative sources, this is far more difficult, and
may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential
solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to
store energy and encouraging consumers to use electricity
at off-peak times.A second problem is the fact that many
renewable power generation sources are located in remote
areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions, where
there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New
infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with
improved smart technology, this can be done more
efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction
costs.

12. Reflection
When I saw the text, I could make a scanning and skimming, I made a general idea
about the text, I think this is my first problem, I only make general ideas, when I
should make a summary is so difficult for me, and in a translation too. Next, I saw the
terminology of the text but a lot of words are unknown for me, the text is talking about
energy and the context is diverse and I need to find many words and try to
contextualized with out lose the sense of the text and the context.

13. CHART
BY: Carolina Trivino

14. PARAGRAPH 5
PARAGRAPH 5
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to
promote and test it are already underway. Consumers are currently
testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to
manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations
being planned to show how the smart technology could practically
work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure.
It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with
'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be
followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are
prime candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the high
population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart
Technology is likely to be promoted first, utilizing a range of
sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an infrastructure
for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is
already changing fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy
supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our
behavior.
PÁRRAFO 5
Aunque la tecnología inteligente aún está en su infancia, planes piloto
para promoverla y probarla ya están en marcha. Los clientes están
actualmente probando en sus casas medidores inteligentes los cuales
pueden ser usados para administrar el uso de la electricidad. Hay
también demostraciones que han sido planeadas para mostrar como la
tecnología inteligente puede trabajar, y se están realizando pruebas
para el manejo de la nueva infraestructura eléctrica. Es como si a
tecnología estuviera siendo agregada en “capas”, comenzando por una
“ganancia rápida” métodos que proveerán ahorros, iniciales de
carbono, seguidos por sistemas más avanzados a largo plazo. Las
ciudades son los principales candidatos para invertir en la energía
inteligente, gracias a la alta población de consumo y los altos nivel de
uso. Es allí donde la tecnología inteligente va a ser promovida
primero, utilizando un rango de fuentes de energía sostenible,
soluciones en transporte, y en infraestructura para cargar vehículos
eléctricos. La infraestructura ya está cambiando rápidamente. Para el
año 2050, los cambios en el suministro de energía en nuestros hogares
serán trasformada, nuestras carreteras y nuestro comportamiento.

15. Reflection
Some words were understood by my brain, but I didn´t have the correct word in Spanish to translate it, so I
went to a translation tool and after i wrote it and the result pups out, my brain remember the word in Spanish.
Regarding the paragraph itself, it gives a lots of hope, because the problem around the world with the current
way of transportation and illumination is creating more and more damage to our planet, so if it is true that some
tests are been made in order to transform the way we are using the electricity and de gas it will have a great
impact around the world.

16. CHART
BY: Andrea M. Fayad

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