Material 4 and 5 basic English

1. ENGLISH FROM THE HOME
M. KATHERINE TABORDA
C.
SPEAKING TUTOR

2. PERSONAL PRONOUNS

3. VERB TO BE

4. • [Jim] Hello.
• [Susan] Hello, are you Jim?
• [Jim] Yes, I am.
• [Susan] How are you? This is Susan.
• [Jim] I am fine, and you?
• [Susan] Fine. Can I see you today at one
o’clock? [Jim] No, but at two o’clock is good
for me, here.
• [Susan] Good. I w ill see you at two o’clock
over there.
Dialog Practice

5. En inglés to go quiere decir ir.
• Yo voy. / I go. [pause] Repeat. I go. [pause]
• Tú o vos vas o vosotros vais. / You go. [pause]
Repeat. You go. [pause]
• Él va. / He goes. [pause] Repeat. He goes.
[pause]
• Ella va. / She goes. [pause] Repeat. She goes.
[pause]
• Ello va. / It goes. [pause] Repeat. It goes.
[pause]
• Nosotros vamos. / We go. [pause] Repeat. We
go. [pause]
• Ustedes van o vosotros vais. / You go. [pause]
Repeat. You go. [pause]
• Ellos o Ellas van. / They go. [pause] Repeat.
They go. [pause]

6. Would, could y should corresponden al modo condicional simple en español. Este modo
indica una acción futura que no se ha realizado todavía. Would es el condicional de will.
Could es el condicional de can, Should es el condicional de shall.
Al mismo tiempo estas palabras indican cortesía en inglés.
Would indica voluntad, por ejemplo:
- Would you like a soda? / ¿Desearía un refresco?
Could indica capacidad, por ejemplo:
- Could you hand me that fork? / ¿Me podría alcanzar ese tenedor?
Should indica deber, por ejemplo:
- Should I make a reservation at Tony’s Grill? / Debería de hacer una reserva en el
Tony’s Grill?
repítalas.
- Repeat: would …[pause]… could …[pause]… should… [pause]
DAILY MEALS

7. • [Susan] Good morning, Jim. Would you like some coffee?
• [Jim] Yes. One cup of coffee would be nice. And also, I need some toast. [Susan] Sure. How many slices do you want?
• [Jim] Two. Thanks.
• [Susan] You’re welcome. Would you like anything else?
• [Jim] No. I still have an upset stomach from last night’s dinner.
• [Susan] Did you go to Burger Hut or to Chef Maurice?
• [Jim] I went to the Burger Hut, but I would not recommend it to anyone.
• [Susan] Why not?
• [Jim] Well, the service was not very good. The hostess made us wait for over seven minutes, and we could not order drinks
because they had run out of everything we wanted.
• [Susan] How much money did you leave?
• [Jim] One dollar and nine cents! Ha, ha, ha. But today lunch will be good. I’m going to try that new deli on Magnolia Street.
• [Susan] Oh, I hear they have great pork chops, delicious soups, and homemade apple pie. And that reminds me… I have to
bake an apple pie for my book club tonight. Would you pass me those apples, please?
• [Jim] These?
• [Susan] Yes, and that bowl over there. [Jim] This yellow bowl?
• [Susan] Yes, Jim. You better go now. You are going to be late for work.
Dialog

8. Remember that personal pronouns in English are: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.
The possessive adjectives in English are: my, your, his, her, our, their.
Try repeating each of them during the break.
• mi / my
• tu, tus / your
• de ella, su, sus / her
• de él, su, sus / his
• nuestro, nuestros, nuestra, nuestras / our
• vuestro o suyo / your
• de ellos, de ellas, su / their
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

9. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
In English the reflexive pronouns are: myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves.
• me / myself
• te / yourself
• (él) se / himself
• (ella) se / herself
• nos / ourselves
• (vosotros) os / yourselves
• (ustedes) se / yourselves
• (ellos/ellas) se / themselves

10. - I went to the movies by_____
a. Yourself c. Himself
b. Myself
- Connie and sherry baked the cake by ______
a. Themselves
b. Theirselves
c. Theirself
- He cleaned his room by _______
a. Hisself c. Himself
b. Themselves
- She did it by _______
a. Theirself
b. Her
c. Herself
- Mrs. Jones passed out the pencils ____
a. Himself c. Myself
b. Itself d. Herself
- The fish found ____ trapped in a tank.
a. Itself c. Yourself
b. Ourselves d. Myself
- Don´t worry ___ about things cannot change.
a. Myself c. Itself
b. Themselves d. Yourself
- The band carried their instriments by __
a. Ourselves c. Herself
b. Themselves d. Itself

11. In this lesson, you will study possessive pronouns that take the place of a noun. Possessive
pronouns in English are: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.
Possessive pronouns and repeat them below.
• mío, mía, míos, mías – mine
• tuyo, tuyos, tuya, tuyas – yours
• suyo, suyos, de él – his
• suyo, suyos, suya, suyas, de ella – hers
• nuestro, nuestros, nuestra, nuestras – ours
• vuestro, vuestros, vuestra, vuestras – yours
• suyo, suyos, suya, suyas – theirs
Possessive pronouns

13. In this lesson you will learn about renting or buying a home. Some of the verbs that are going
to be used are regular. For example to rent – alquilar y to call – llamar. In the past these
verbs are added with the ending -ed.
• Yo alquilo / I rent Yo alquilé / I rented Yo alquilaré / I will rent
• Yo llamo / I call Yo llamé / I called Yo llamaré / I will call
El verbo comprar – to buy es un verbo irregular que cambia
completamente en el pasado.
• Yo compro / I buy Yo compré / I bought Yo compraré / I will buy
RENT OR PURCHASE OF A HOME

14. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

15. - Yo alquilo / I rent
- Tú alquilas / You rent
- Él/Ella alquila / He/She rents
- Nosotros alquilamos / We rent
- Vosotros/as alquiláis / You rent
Ustedes alquilan / You rent
Ellos/Ellas alquilan / They rent
Yo compro / I buy
Tú compras / You buy
Él/Ella compra / He/She buys
Nosotros compramos / We buy
Vosotros/as compráis / You buy
Ustedes compran / You buy
Ellos/Ellas compran / They buy
Remember that in English the verb in present only changes the ending in the third person
of the singular – he o she where you add a -s. for example:
VERBS

16. An interjection is a word that expresses
an emotion, such as amazement, pain or
mistake. Oh, Oops, Ouch, Wow y Help
they are some interjections in English.

17. The preposition is a word that is used in relation to a name, a pronoun or with some other
word of the sentence.
arriba – up
abajo – down
a través – through
a través – across
alrededor – around
Observe here also the use of certain conjunctions - the words that unite words or groups
of words, such as and (y), but (pero) y or (o).
PREPOSITIONS THAT INDICATE DIRECTION.

18. PREPOSITIONS
https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/prepositions-of-movement-or-
direction

19. ENGLISH FROM THE HOME
• M. KATHERINE TABORDA C.
• SPEAKING TUTOR
CLASS 5

20. There are verbs related to jobs, occupations and job search.
-In English to look for means buscar. Yo busco trabajo: I look for a job
- To hire quiere decir darle trabajo a alguien.
- - For Example:
 Yo empleo un jardinero en el verano. / I hire a gardener in the summer.
 Me dieron el empleo / I was hired.
 Me darán el empleo. / I will be hired.
- To fire quiere decir despedir/dejar sin trabajo.
- For example:
 Despido a aquellos trabajadores que llegan tarde. / I fire those workers who are tardy.
 Me despidieron. / I was fired.
 Me van a despedir. / I will be fired.
- To interview – entrevistarse
For example:
 Mañana voy a entrevistarme con Wilson & Wilson. / Tomorrow I am going to interview with
Wilson & Wilson.
VERBS RELATED TO JOBS

21. • ama de casa – housewife
• maestro, maestra – teacher
• recepcionista – receptionist
• secretaria, secretario – secretary
• escritor, escritora – writer
• contador, contable – accountant
• dar trabajo – to hire
• ¿Qué habilidades laborales tiene? – What job skills do you have?
• ¿En qué quiere trabajar? – What does she want to do for a living?
• ¿Qué tipo de trabajo quieres hacer? – What kind of job would you like to have?
• ¿Tiene usted experiencia? – Do you have experience?

22.  ¿Qué hora es? se dice What time is it?
- Es la una en punto. It’s one o’clock.
- Son las dos en punto. It’s two o’clock.
- Son las dos y cuarto. It’s two fifteen.
- To indicate the hours of the morning the hour is said followed by a.m. For example:
Son las diez de la mañana. It’s ten a.m. o It is ten in the morning.
- To indicate the hours of the afternoon and of the night the hour is said followed by p.m.
For Example: Son las ocho de la noche. It’s eight p.m.
- Es la una y cuarenta o son las dos menos veinte. It’s one forty o It’s twenty to two.
- Son las siete y cuarenta y cinco o son las ocho menos cuarto. It’s seven forty-five o
It’s a quarter to eight.
- Son las dos y cincuenta y cinco o son las tres menos cinco. It’s two fifty-five o It’s
five to three.
- las doce del día – noon
- la medianoche – midnight
TIME, WEATHER

23. DAYS
¿Qué día es? – What day is it?
• Lunes – Monday
• Martes – Tuesday
• Miércoles – Wednesday
• Jueves – Thursday
• Viernes – Friday
• Sábado – Saturday
• Domingo – Sunday
• Enero – January
• Febrero – February
• Marzo – March
• Abril – April
• Mayo – May
• Junio – June
• Julio – July
• Agosto – August
• Septiembre – September
• Octubre – October
• Noviembre – November
• Diciembre – December
MONTHS THE SEASONS
Verano – Summer
Otoño – Fall
Invierno – Winter
Primavera – Spring
ADVERBS
diariamente – daily
semanalmente – weekly
mensualmente – monthly
trimestralmente – quarterly
anualmente – annually

24. In English, most adverbs and one-syllable adjectives form the superlative by adding -est at the end. For
example:
- Joven – young: o más joven que – younger o el más joven –the youngest
- viejo – old: o más viejo que – older o el más viejo –the oldest
In this lesson, you will study certain regular verbs: to study, to learn, to attend, to research.
As we have seen in previous lessons, regular verbs in English have the ending -ed in the past. For
example:
- Yo aprendo – I learn.…… Yo aprendí – I learned - Yo asisto– I attend………. Yo asistí – I attended
In the case of the irregular verb to speak:
- Yo hablo – I speak……Yo hablé – I spoke
SUPERLATIVE

25. PRESENT SIMPLE
SUBJECT VERB (PRESENT
TENSE)
I
You
We
You
They
Work
Well
He
She
It
Works
The present simple form of the verb is identical to the
base form in all persons except the third person
singular. The third person singular is formed by
adding -s to the base form. Note the changes in
spelling:
work » works
live » lives
stay » stays
try » tries (a final -y changes to -ie- after a
consonant)
wash » washes; kiss » kisses; watch » watches; box
» boxes (we add -es after -sh, -s, -ch and -x)
go » goes (we add -es)
do » does (we add -es)
have » has
AFFIRMATIVE

26. In the negative, we use the auxiliary do + not followed by the bare infinitive in all persons
except the third person singular. In the third person singular we use does + not:
NEGATIVE
SUBJECT AUXILIARY NOT VERB
(BARE
INFINITIVE
)
I
You
We
You
They
Do
Not Work Well
He
She
it
Does

27. In the interrogative, we use the auxiliary do followed by the subject and the bare infinitive
in all persons except the third person singular. In the third person singular, we use does:
INTERROGATIVE
QUESTION
WORD
AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB (BARE
INFINITIVE)
How
Do
I
You
We
You
They
Work?
Does
He
She
It

28. THE VERB BE IN THE PRESENT SIMPLE
The verb be has irregular present tense forms. In the present simple, the
auxiliaries do and does are not used in the negative and interrogative if the main verb is be:
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am at home.
You are at home.
He/She/It is at home.
We are at home.
You are at home.
They are at home.
I am not at home.
You are not at home.
He/She/It is not at home.
We are not at home.
You are not at home.
They are not at home
Am I at home?
Are you at home?
Is he/she/it at home?
Are we at home?
Are you at home?
Are they at home?

29. The following contracted forms are often used in spoken and in informal written language:
I am » I'm
you are » you're
he/she/it is » he's/she's/it's
we are » we're
you are » you're
they are » they're
are not » aren't
is not » isn't
REMEMBER