This document contains a translation task between a student and tutor. It includes 4 paragraphs from an original English text on Smart Grid technology translated into Spanish. It also includes reflections from each student on their translation process and challenges, as well as charts comparing methods, strategies and techniques used in translation.

1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
UNIT 1: TASK 3 – COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY 1
ARLET LILIANA FRANCO
NAZLY DALLANA FUENTES PRECIADO 1 082 993 121
MONICA LILIANA SANABRIA POVEDA 1 095 800 206
DIANA DEL CARMEN DOMINGUEZ SALGADO 1 104 016 144
ALFONSO ROJAS CORREA 1 095 797 312
Students
GRUPO: 551037_16
OSCAR JAVIER BOHORQUEZ
Tutor
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY AND DISTANCE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION SCIENCE
BACHELOR IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
CEAD SANTA MARTA
MARCH 28th
, 2019

2. Student: ARLET LILIANA FRANCO
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 1
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some
major oil producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of
global warming. Consequently, many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon
economy. This transition will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly,
there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to
power their homes and vehicles. Secondly, there will be an increase in power generation, not only
in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing electricity
generation from renewable sources. To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart
Grid technology. This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better understanding
of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power
network.
TRANSLATION
En las próximas décadas veremos grandes cambios en las en la forma que es suplida y usada la
energía. In algunas naciones se está produciendo mayor aceite. “pico de aceite” ha sido realmente
alcanzado, y ahí están incrementando los miedos del calentamiento global. Consecuentemente,
muchos países estas enfocándose en el cambio hacia la economía baja en carbono. Esta transición
dirigirá un mayor cambio en el uso y suministro de electricidad.
Primeramente, ahí estará un incremento en la demanda general, como cambio en los
consumidores de aceite y gas a electricidad para alimentar sus hogares y vehículos. Segundo, ahí
estará un incremento de generación de energía, no solo en términos de cuanto es generado, sino
también como se genera, como está creciendo la generación de electricidad desde recursos
renovables. Para asumir estos cambios, los países están investigando una tecnología de red

3. inteligente. Este sistema reclama proveer la industria eléctrica con un mejor entendimiento de
generación y demanda de energía, y usar esta información para crear una red más eficiente.
TASK 2. REFLECTION
For me to do this translation was not very complicated, because I can understand Several words,
however, there are some word that I have what search it in the dictionary or in a traductor. For
example I did not understand the phrase, “The next few decades”, because, I get confused with
word “few” and I did not find the phrase meaningful. The word “few” mean in Spanish
“poca/os”, then, I translated “en las próximas pocas décadas”, I had that use the traductor for
discover the phrase. Although if exists a difficult for me and is the order in what are Write the
English words, because I sometime translate upside down in Spanish. For example in the phrase
“In some major oil producing nations”, I translated to Spanish “en algo mayor de aceite las
naciones producen”, however, I try to find the best meaning by sentence.
TASK 3. CHART
Chart the difference
Method Strategy Technique
Method is a way something is
done. translation methods
relate to whole texts,
Newmark (1988b), He goes
on to refer to the following
methods of translation:
(Word-for-word translation,
Faithful translation, Semantic
translation, Adaptation, Free
translation, Free translation,
Communicative translation)
The translation strategy is a
concrete way to translate a
paragraph from one language to
another, in the case of English it
is can use the strategies of the
translator by internet, word
reference, or with the
dictionary. Many authors with
Krings (1986: 18), Moreover,
Loescher (1991: 8),
Jaaskelainen (1999: 71), express
Techniques are a series of
procedures that allow a
person to make a translation,
you can choose the
technique that is most useful
or easier to solve the task.
There are different
translation techniques such
as Direct Translation
Techniques (Borrowing,
Calque, Literal Translation)

4. that translation strategies are
concrete processes to solve a
translation problem.
Oblique Translation
Techniques (Transposition,
Modulation, Reformulation
or Equivalence, Adaptation,
Compensation).
TASK 4. FEEDBACK

5. Student: NAZLY DALLANA FUENTES PRECIADO
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 2
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer system to the electricity
network. The computer system can be used to collect information about supply and demand and
improve engineer's ability to manage the system. With better information about electricity
demand, the network will be able to increase the amount of electricity delivered per unit
generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon emissions. Moreover, the
computer system will assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.
TRANSLATION
La tecnología Smart Grid básicamente implica la aplicación de un sistema informático para la
red eléctrica. El sistema informático puede ser usado para recopilar información acerca del
suministro, demanda y mejora de las habilidades del ingeniero en gestionar el sistema. Con una
mejor información acerca de la demanda de electricidad, la red será capaz de aumentar la
cantidad de electricidad distribuida por unidad generada, dirigida para simplificar el potencial en
necesidades en combustible y emisiones de carbono. Además, el sistema informático asistiría en
la reducción operativa y costos de mantenimiento.
TASK 2. REFLECTION
In general terms, I did not find any complex problem in translate the paragraph because I think
the content within it are words whom I know. I found word order but was easy to order the
complete idea. The methods used were: Word-for-word translation, in which the SL word order

6. is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context.
(Ordudari, M, 2007) and literal translation, in which the SL grammatical constructions are
converted to their nearest TL equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of
context. (Ordudari, M, 2007).
Also, I have used other tip like read through your piece carefully before you start (Bonilla
Gomez, D, 2017) in which the translator understands what the writer is trying to say, and exactly
how they are trying to say it. Pay attention to every single word and phrase.
Finally, I think, it could be different if within the paragraph I had found idioms or linguistic
equivalence in which the meaning between the second and the target language has a great
difference and sense between them.
TASK 3. CHART
Category Definition Example
Method
Refers to the way a particular
translation process is carried out in
terms of the translator's objective. There
are several translation methods that may
be chosen, depending on the aim of the
translation: communicative
(translation of the sense), literal (linguis
tic trans codification), free
(modification of semiotic
and communicative categories) and
philological (academic or critical
translation).
E.g. literal translation or
adaptation, that affect
micro-units of the text.
The three translations
into Arabic of Garcia Marqu
ez’s
A Hundred Years of Solitude
.
Strategy
Strategies are the procedures "conscious
or unconscious, verbal or non-verbal)
used by the translator to solve problems
that emerge when carrying out the
translation process with a particular
E.g. distinguish main and
secondary ideas, establish
conceptual relationships, sea
rch for information) and for
reformulation e.g.,
paraphrase, retranslate, say

7. objective in mind (Hurtado, A, 1996 –
1998).
-Global translation strategy (word-a-
word, literal, faithful and semantic
translation).
- Local translation strategy (adaptation,
free, idiomatic, communicative
translation).
out loud, avoid words that
are close to the original).
Technique
A technique translation is used a way to
translate inside a text or document and
depends on the case it will be used.
Type of translation technique (direct
and oblique):
- Literal translation
- Borrowing
- Calque (Direct Translation
Technique).
- Transposition
- Modulation
- Reformulation or equivalence
- Adaptation
- Compensation (Oblique
Translation Technique).
Example of direct:
Borrowing:
French: abbatoire, café,
passé and résumé.
German: hamburger and
kindergarten.
Sanskrit: bandana, musk
and sugar.
TASK 4. FEEDBACK

9. Student: MONICA LILIANA SANABRIA POVEDA
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 3
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-time
information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day will give
customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds demand, leading
to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing machines at night. Smart
meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system, allowing customers to switch
appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate
their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any
excess can be sold to the grid.
PÁRRAFO 3
La tecnología Smart Grid también ofrece beneficios al consumidor. Podrán recopilar información
en tiempo real sobre su uso de energía para cada aparato. La variación de las tarifas a lo largo del
día dará a los clientes el incentivo de usar electrodomésticos en momentos en que la oferta supere
ampliamente la demanda, lo que dará lugar a grandes reducciones en las facturas. Por ejemplo,
pueden usar sus lavadoras por la noche. Los medidores inteligentes también se pueden conectar a
Internet o al sistema telefónico, lo que permite a los clientes encender o apagar aparatos de forma
remota. Además, si las casas están equipadas con el aparato para generar su propia energía, los
dispositivos se pueden configurar para que funcionen directamente desde la fuente de energía en
el sitio, y cualquier exceso se puede vender a la red.

10. TASK 2. REFLECTION
I think it was not problems or difficulties what I was presented with in the activity of translating
the previous paragraph, I just took more time than I should in some words that were not of my
knowledge like: Furthermore, appliance or bills what I did to solve it It was translated into the
three websites that the tutor recommended:
https://www.thesaurus.com/
http://www.wordreference.com/
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/
Then I related the results of the search with the text and chose the one that seemed most
appropriate, it did not seem difficult, because its meaning was similar in these three dictionaries.
I think that the smart networks that feed on the internet or digital equipment such as IT are useful
tools which are becoming more necessary every day in the daily activities of the human being,
since they are currently and technology is revolutionizing the world of a way that is almost
impossible to resist the change.
TASK 3. CHART
DIFFERENCES
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
It is a logical process through
which knowledge is obtained
Logical succession of steps or
stages that lead to achieving a
predetermined objective.
The strategy is a planning
system applied to an
articulated set of actions that
allows achieving an
objective; It serves to obtain
certain results, so that we can
The Technique is a logical
procedure with a psychological
basis, aimed at guiding the student's
learning; The specificity of the
technique is that it affects a specific
sector or a phase of the course or

11. Examples: Clinical method,
Montessori method, deductive,
inductive, analog method, etc.
Examples: Expository method
or explanations method
Method of discovery, problem
solving or research method
Group dynamics or interactive
method
Experiential learning method
not talk about using strategies
when there is no goal towards
where the actions are
oriented.
The strategy is applied in
different contexts, for
example;
• Teaching strategy: it is done
by the teacher.
• Learning strategy: the
student does it.
Unlike the method, the
strategy is flexible and can
take shape based on the goals
you want to reach.
The strategies are considered
as guides of actions that must
be followed. Therefore, they
are always conscious and
intentional, aimed at an
objective related to learning.
subject that is taught, such as the
presentation at the beginning of the
course, the content analysis, the
synthesis or the criticism of it.
Joint technique of procedures,
tactics or resources of which a
science, art, a trade or a profession
is worth. When we talk about
education, a teaching technique is a
specific type of action, planned by
the teacher and carried out by the
teacher and / or his students in
order to achieve learning
objectives.
Examples: Expository Techniques:
exhibition, demonstration
Interactive techniques: discussion,
case studies, cooperative learning
Experiential learning techniques:
field experience, games, simulation,
role performance.

12. TASK 4. FEEDBACK

14. Student: DIANA DEL CARMEN DOMINGUEZ SALGADO
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 4
With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and
demand. Sources of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously
unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is also set to increase as nations switch to alternative
energy sources, is inflexible. With oil and gas, it is relatively simple to increase the supply of
energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or year. With alternative
sources, this is far more difficult, and may lead to blackouts or system collapse. Potential
solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging
consumers to use electricity at off-peak times. A second problem is the fact that many renewable
power generation sources are located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastal regions,
where there is currently a lack of electrical infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be
built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology, this can be done more efficiently by reducing
the reinforcement or construction costs.
TRANSLATION
Con estos cambios viene una serie de desafíos. El primero involucra la gestión de la oferta y la
demanda. Fuentes de energía renovable, tales como el viento, las olas y la energía solar, son
notoriamente impredecibles y nucleares. El poder, que también está programado para aumentar a
medida que las naciones cambian a fuentes de energía alternativa, es inflexible. Con petróleo y
gas, es relativamente simple aumentar el suministro de energía para satisfacer la creciente
demanda durante las horas pico del día o año. Con fuentes alternativas, esto es mucho más difícil
y puede provocar apagones o colapso del sistema. Las soluciones potenciales incluyen
investigaciones nuevas y formas eficientes de almacenar energía y fomentar en los consumidores
que deben usar la electricidad en horas de poca actividad. Un segundo problema es el hecho de
que muchas fuentes de generación de energía renovable se encuentran en áreas remotas, tales

15. como tierras altas ventosas y regiones costeras, donde actualmente hay una falta de
infraestructura eléctrica. Nuevas infraestructuras por lo tanto deben ser construidas.
Afortunadamente, con una tecnología inteligente mejorada, esto se puede hacer de una manera
más eficiente reduciendo el esfuerzo o costos de construcción.
TASK 2. REFLECTION
Regarding the translation of the paragraph, I believe that coherence is the main factor that I face
when translating a text, I would not define it as much as difficulty or problem because it is
something essential in the writing of any text, however, in this case I tried to organize the words
and take those that best fit the message you want to express, without changing its meaning, it
should be noted that I knew the meaning of the vast majority of the words of the paragraph, and
for those who did not know its meaning, I used the practical tools the tutor for this activity
facilitates us; like the translators and dictionaries found on internet sites. I think that in the
meantime, for this type of activity requires a bit of dedication and concentration, to acquire
practice and mastery of vocabulary, maybe in some cases we find difficulties in the translation of
words or phrases, in my case, the phrase: encouraging consumers to use electricity at off-peak
times, I found it a bit complex.
Currently, technology has made great progress, among them, the creation of ICT and with it the
tools that facilitate the realization of activities and learning of topics in specific areas, in this case
English, for this reason they have ventured significantly into the different areas of daily life; like
that of education.

16. TASK 3. CHART
DIFFERENCES
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
Procedures that obey
to some criterion or
principle computer of
a course of actions.
Part of a certain
position to reason and
decide the way
forward to reach a
proposal.
Designates those
ordered processes of
actions that are based
on some area of
knowledge.
It is systematic to
execute some action
or to conduct an
operation.
It is based on ordered
processes of actions.
Organized procedure
formalized and oriented
towards obtaining a
clearly established goal.
It gives meaning and
coordination to
everything that is done
to reach the goal.
It covers more general
aspects of a complete
training process.
It is flexible and can
take shape based on the
goals you want to
reach.
Set of procedures,
supported by teaching
techniques.
Procedures that seek to
obtain efficiently,
through a certain
sequence of steps or
behaviors, one or more
precise products.
Affects a specific sector
or a phase of the course
or subject that is taught.
It is more limited to the
orientation of learning
in delimited areas.
It is logical and with a
psychological
foundation designed to
guide student learning.
Teacher's resource to
carry out the purposes
planned from the
strategy.

17. TASK 4. FEEDBACK

19. Student: ALFONSO ROJAS CORREA
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 5
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are already
underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their
homes to manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to
show how the smart technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new
electrical infrastructure. It is likely that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick
win' methods which will provide initial carbon savings, to be followed by more advanced
systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment into smart energy, due to the
high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology is likely to be
promoted first, utilizing a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an
infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing
fast. By the year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads
and our behavior.
TRANSLATION
Aunque la tecnología inteligente aún está en su niñez, los planes piloto para promoverla y
evaluarla ya están en progreso. Los consumidores actualmente están probando nuevos medidores
inteligentes los cuales pueden ser usados en sus hogares para administrar el uso de la
electricidad.También hay una cantidad de demostraciones que están siendo planeadas para
enseñar cómo la tecnología inteligente podría trabajar de manera practica, y las pruebas
experimentales están listas para probar la nueva infraestructura eléctrica. Es probable que la
tecnología sea agregada en "capas o niveles", iniciando con los métodos de "ganancia rápida" que
aportarán ahorros iniciales de carbono, que serán seguidos por sistemas más avanzados en una
fecha posterior. Las ciudades son los principales candidatos para la inversión en energía
inteligente, debido a la alta densidad poblacional y el alto uso de energía. Es aquí donde

20. probablemente la tecnología inteligente es promocionada en primer lugar, utilizando un rango de
fuentes de energía sostenibles, soluciones de transporte y una infraestructura para cargar
vehículos eléctricos. La infraestructura ya está cambiando rápidamente. Para el año 2050, los
cambios en el suministro de energía habrán transformado nuestros hogares, nuestras carreteras y
nuestro comportamiento.
TASK 2. REFLECTION
The method that I chose to translate the following text is the communicative translation because
if we can observe the text, we can relate it to a technical and general context, in which the
sentences are global grammatical structures and in a technical language, such as it is a descriptive
and global text. Therefore, the translator must remain faithful to the idea of the text and
communicate it in a similar and understandable way to the receiver. And as he refers
Newmark “the communicative translation: try to give the exact contextual meaning of the
original in such a way that both the content and the language are easily acceptable and
understandable to readers” (Newmark 1988b, p.47).
In this text we do not find sentences with normative, religious and political meaning, nor
grammatical knowledge of social or cultural experiences, which would complicate the translation,
as it refers Culler:
“Culler believes that languages are not nomenclatures and that the concepts of one language can
differ radically from those of another, since each language articulates or organizes the world in a
different way, and languages do not simply name categories; They articulate their own
account” (Culler, 1976, p.21-2).
In this text I did not observe words with double meaning or with several meanings, in the same
way with the help of virtual tools as:

21. https://www.thesaurus.com/
http://www.wordreference.com/
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/
I could evaluate the most objective synonyms to the technical words in the text, such as Layers,
schemes, and trials and finally separate sentences by sentences to understand the main ideas and
the meaning of each idea. Concluding with the main message of the text and transmitting it to the
Spanish language in a technical and global way.
I think APPROACH, METHOD, and TECHNIQUE are fundamental bases for the development
of a translation process, where the approach gives us an ideal or a light, as it should be the
educational process, guiding and bringing concepts and theory; the TECHNIQUE will give us the
important steps for our translation and the organization of educational process like objective, and
method gives us the behavior and skills we need to have as a translator and last it gives us the
description of the practice and a series of translation steps.
It wants to tell us that these bases are very important for the development of a process of
translation, where we get to know each step and skills to develop.
TASK 3. CHART
DIFFERENCES
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
Method (teaching) is led by a scientific
approach or "teaching style" in order to achieve
maximum efficiency in the process of student
learning.
It is a planning system
applied to a linked set
of processes that
allows achieving a
goal; It helps us to
obtain specific results,
it is clear that we
A technique / strategy
(teaching). This related to
the reality of teaching with
your students. Is the design,
development and
implementation of a
particular activity at a given

22. It is composed of fundamental principles, a
description of the practice and a series of
evaluation steps.
The choice of method or methods of teaching
is related to who is learning skills, and be seen
is also affected by learning content and level of
the students.
for example we communicative method
(language) of trial and error or behaviorist and
constructivist, etc. and it close to the approach
and it is supported both ordinary knowledge as
obtained in the practice of any art and craft, is
interested solely by the practical results and
procedures employed both everyday life and
the practice and development of techniques.
Academic approach to my opinion is the prior
knowledge, you have to make a research and
teaching and which guide and support as a
specialty was author on the subject.
cannot talk about
using strategies when
there is no goal
towards where actions
are oriented. Unlike
the method, the
strategy is flexible and
can take shape based
on the goals you want
to reach.
time and to achieve a
specific objective, we can
talk about technical /
exhibition, instructional,
collaborative strategies,
inductive, deductive,
analytical, creative,
judgment, etc.

23. TASK 4. FEEDBACK

24. REFERENCES
- Aparicio. Martin (2013). Methods, Techniques and Strategies. Facultad de Maestrías y
Estudios de posgrado, Maestría en Investigación y Docencia Universitaria; Planeamiento
Didáctico. Recuperado de: https://maestriasutec.wordpress.com/3-5-metodos-tecnicas-y-
estrategias/
- Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques.
Retrieved fromhttp://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques
- Bonilla Gomez, D. (2017). 5 Translation Tips for EFL learners. [Archivo de video].
Recuperado de: http://hdl.handle.net/10596/11773
- Bobek, M. (2013). Materials Designed for especific purpose in English Language
Teaching: A critical Evaluation. Retrieved from:
http://www.slideshare.net/magMagdalenaBobekMAELT/materials-designed-for-english-
language-teaching-a-critical-analysis
-
- Douglas, D. (1999). Why test language for specific purposes? In Assessing Languages for
Specific Purposes (Cambridge Language Assessment, pp. 1-23). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511732911.002
- Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and methods. Translation
Journal, 11(3). Retrieved fromhttp://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm

25. - Uljens, M. (1997). School Didactics And Learning. London: Psychology Press,
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203304778