1. 1
Translation Techniques
TASK 3 - COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITY 1
KEDRY DANIEL CORTES GRANADA
CODE: 1.1110.537.540
DEISY JULIANA RAMIREZ SALDARRIAGA
CODE: 1.041.146.759
LUIS FERNANDO PAREJA M
CODE:
JOHN JAIRO MESA
CODE:
PAULA BENJUMEA
CODE: 1.054.565.671
OSCAR JAVIER BOHORQUEZ
English Language Degree
OPEN AND DISTANCE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
27 DE MARCH 2019
3. 3
Translation Techniques
Kedry Daniel Cortès
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
SMART ENERGY, PARAGRAPH 1
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used.In some major oil producing
nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of global warming. Consequently,
many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition will lead to major changes
in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly, there will be an increase in overall demand, as consumers switch
from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. Secondly, there will be an increase in power
generation, not only in terms of how much is generated, but also how it is generated, as there is growing
electricity generation from renewable sources.To meet these challenges, countries are investing in Smart Grid
technology.This systemaims to provide the electricity industry with a betterunderstanding ofpowergeneration
and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient power network.
Las siguientes décadas verán grandes cambios en la manera que es usada y suministrada la
energía. En algunas grandes naciones productores de aceite, el pico de aceite ya se ha
alcanzado, y hay temores temores crecientes de peligro global. Por consiguiente, muchos
países están enfocados en un cambio a economías bajas de carbón. Esta transición traerá
grandes cambios en el suministro y uso de la electricidad. Primero, habrá un incremento en
la demanda general, como los consumidores cambian del aceite y el gas a la electricidad
para cargar sus vehículos y casa. Segundo, allí habrá un incremento en la generación de
energía, no solo en términos de cuanto es generada, pero también cómo es generada, como
hay una creciente generación de energía desde una fuente de energía renobable.sl conocer
estos cambios, los países están investigando en la tecnología Smart GRID. Este sistema tiene
como objetivo proporcionar un mejor entendimiento de la generación y demanda de la
industria eléctrica, y usar esta información para crear una red de trabajo más eficiente.
TASK 2. REFLECTION
For This type of activity you will always find problems with respect to the words or
expressions to be translated, mainly by the nerves that produces the intrigue of being able to
do a good work.
In this case the only drawback was that when translating the paragraph literally, the
combination of the words and the meaning of the text change through the context. So I also
used the technique of transposition so I had to change in some cases the order of the words.
In General this activity I really liked, because it helps us to know and develop our writing
and reading skills in a meaningful way.
4. 4
Translation Techniques
TASK 3. CHART
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
DEFINITION
It Is a logical
process through
which you get the
knowledge
Logical Succession
of steps or stages
that lead to achieve
a predetermined
target.
A strategy is a set
of actions that are
carried out to
achieve a certain
end. Comes from
the Greek Stratos =
Army and Agein =
driver, guide. It Is
applied in different
contexts.
Didactic Strategy:
Art of projecting
and directing a
series of cognitive
operations, which
the student carries
out to elaborate
and communicate
surpassing, with
the facilitator
mediation.
A technique (of the
Greek, (Téchne),
art) is a procedure
or set of rules,
norms or protocols,
which aim to obtain
a particular result,
whether in the field
of science,
technology, art,
education or any
other activity.
DIFFERENCES Example of
methods: Clinical
Method, Montessori
method, deductive
method, inductive,
analogue, etc.
A) What tactics do
you use?
B) My team’s
tactics are going
around.
The techniques
would be specific
activities carried out
by students when
they learn: Repeat,
underline, outline,
ask questions,
deduce, induce, etc.
They Can be used in
a mechanical way.
6. 6
Translation Techniques
Deisy Juliana Ramirez Saldarriaga
TASK 1: TRANSLATION
Although Smart Technology is still in its infancy, pilot schemes to promote and test it are
already underway. Consumers are currently testing the new smart meters which can be used in their homes to
manage electricity use. There are also a number of demonstrations being planned to show how the smart
technology could practically work, and trials are in place to test the new electrical infrastructure. It is likely
that technology will be added in 'layers', starting with 'quick win' methods which will provide initial carbon
savings, to be followed by more advanced systems at a later date. Cities are prime candidates for investment
into smart energy, due to the high population density and high energy use. It is here where Smart Technology
is likely to be promoted first, utilising a range of sustainable power sources, transport solutions and an
infrastructure for charging electrically powered vehicles. The infrastructure is already changing fast. By the
year 2050, changes in the energy supply will have transformed our homes, our roads and our behaviour.
Aunque la tecnología inteligente esta aun en pañales, los planes piloto para promoverla y
probarla ya están en marcha. Los consumidores actualmente están probando los nuevos
medidores inteligentes que se pueden usar en sus hogares para administrar el uso de la
electricidad.
También se está planificando una serie de demostraciones para mostrar cómo la tecnología
inteligente podría funcionar prácticamente, y se están realizando pruebas para probar la nueva
infraestructura eléctrica. Es probable que la tecnología se agregue en "capas", comenzando
con los métodos de "ganancia rápida" que proporcionarán ahorros iniciales de carbono, que
serán seguidos por sistemas más avanzados en una fecha posterior. Las ciudades son las
principales candidatas para la inversión en energía inteligente, debido a la alta densidad de
población y al alto uso de energía. Es aquí donde es probable que primero se promocione la
tecnología inteligente, utilizando una gama de fuentes de energía sostenibles, soluciones de
transporte y una infraestructura para cargar vehículos eléctricos. La infraestructura ya está
cambiando rápidamente. Para el año 2050, los cambios en el suministro de energía habrán
transformado nuestros hogares, nuestras carreteras y nuestro comportamiento.
7. 7
Translation Techniques
TASK 2: REFLECTION
I think that the activity was productive because it invited us to think a little about the
translation strategies to achievement a good product. I had difficulties to translate because
there are many words I don't know them, and this sometimes make we lost the drift of the
text. First, I thought to choose an easy and short paragraph but I watched that my partners
had done this already so I propose myself choose a paragraph that had unknow words for
this way have the chance to learn and expand my vocabulary.
I used the transposition that is the sequence change strategy when is translating, because I
tried to translate the text without to change the meaning despite the grammar of the Spanish
is different of the English language because the position some grammar categories are not
the same in these two languages.
I could say also, I used the transference procedures because Transference is the process of
transferring an SL word to a TL text. It includes transliteration and is the same as what
Harvey (2000:5) named "transcription."
TASK 3: CHART
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
It is a logical process through
which knowledge is obtained.
The method includes various
techniques and procedures
appropriate to the object to
be treated.
It is the system of activities that
allow the accomplishment of a
task with the required quality
due to the flexibility and
adaptability to the existing
conditions. (Ferreiro,2009)
The strategy must be based on
a method.
The strategy can make use of a
series of techniques to achieve
the objectives that it pursues
It is considered as a didactic
procedure that lends itself to
helping to carry out a part of
the learning that is pursued
with the strategy.
8. 8
Translation Techniques
EXAMPLES
Workshops
Problem-based learning
Projects
Collaborative learning
EXAMPLES
the story
Debates
Conceptual map
Exposition
EXAMPLES
The drawing
Dramatization
Simultaneous dialogue
DIFFERENCES
The strategies are responsible for establishing what is needed to solve the task of the
study well, determine the most appropriate techniques to use.
The techniques are procedures that seek to obtain efficiently, through a certain
sequence of steps or behaviors, one or more precise products.
The Method is only the way in which something is done, with order and following
certain principles
TASK 4: FEEDBACK
9. 9
Translation Techniques
Luis Fernando Pareja M
TASK 1 TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 2
Smart Grid technology basically involves the application of a computer systemto the electricity network. The
computer systemcan be used to collect information about supply and demand and improve engineer's ability to
manage the system. With betterinformation about electricity demand, the network will be able to increase the
amount of electricity delivered per unit generated, leading to potential reductions in fuel needs and carbon
emissions. Moreover, the computer systemwill assist in reducing operational and maintenance costs.
Básicamente, si un programa de computador está al servicio de la red eléctrica, integra la
tecnología de la Red Inteligente. El computador procesa los datos de la oferta y la demanda
eléctrica, para que los ingenieros gerencien mejor el sistema. Con dicho proceso, la
electrificadora incrementa la cantidad de los kilovatios distribuidos por los kilovatios
generados; reduciendo potencialmente el consumo de combustible y las emisiones de
carbono, reduciendo los costos por operación y mantenimiento.
TASK 2 REFLECTION
The first meaning I had to look for was the word “Grid”. In my Spanish thinking brains,
it goes to “parrilla” but then displacing a bit the eyes, it is made the comparison; any grid has
the structure of a web. The word network is not pertinent to be translated as “red” because
for us local Indians, it is the “Electrificadora”. “The generated unit” is a translation problem
also; because “la unidad generada” has not a lot of sense, so I decided to take it to the popular
word: Watts. This is because what is generated is a voltage in the tip of the wires that being
closed gives current flow; the product of tension and current is the value
Known as electrical power which unit is the watt; it is wattage the generated unit. Some
applied techniques are Literal translation, Transposition, Modulation using watts instead of
“unidad generada” “generating a change in the message without altering meaning or
generating a sense of awkwardness in the reader of the target text”. The Reformulation,
taking Network (red) to “Electrificadora” and it is an Adaptation too.
To say the last, the smart grid technology computerized system has nothing to do our reality:
We do not generate by fuel needs; just because mostly, we have falling waters wherever we
go in our country, we do not burn fossil materials to generate electricity and our Networks
are made to produce exactly what the demand requires. That wise technology is not useful
for us.
10. 10
Translation Techniques
TASK 4 CHART
Definition Examples
Method A method is a way to research, is the
road, the style to proceed. Newmark
(1988b) mentions the difference
between translation methods and
translation procedures. He writes that,
"while translation methods relate to
whole texts, translation procedures are
used for sentences and the smaller
units of language" (p.81).
The analytical method, the scientific method,
the behavior method, the cognitive method
Strategy Krings (1986:18) defines translation
strategy as "translator's potentially
conscious plans for solving concrete
translation problems in the framework
of a concrete translation task," Venuti
(1998:240) indicates that translation
strategies "involve the basic tasks of
choosing the foreign text to be
translated and developing a method to
translate it." Jaaskelainen (1999:71)
considers strategy as, "a series of
competencies, a set of steps or
processes that favor the acquisition,
storage, and/or utilization of
information."
Example of strategies of translating proper
names, which are defined by Richards
(1985:68) as "names of a particular person,
place or thing" and are spelled "with a
capital letter," Hervey and Higgins (1986)
believe that there exist two strategies for
translating PNs. They point out: "either the
name can be taken over unchanged from the
ST to the TT, or it can be adopted to
conform to the phonic/graphic conventions
of the TL" (p.29).
Technique The technique is an actualization of
the method, As the technical
procedures: analysis of the source and
target languages; -a thorough study of
the source language text before
making attempts to translate.
Organizational procedures:
constant reevaluation of the attempt made;
contrasting it with the existing available
translations of the same text done by other
translators, and asking the target language
readers to evaluate its accuracy and
effectiveness and studying their reactions
11. 11
Translation Techniques
TASK 4 FEEDBACK
Re: Unit 1: Task 3 - Collaborative Activity 1
by LUIS FERNANDO PAREJA - Monday, March 25, 2019, 5:38 PM
John Jairo Mesa:
I have read your translation and I have something to tell you:
You are translating so literally as to diffuse the meaning and the style; for example
when you translate…”permitiendo a los clientes pasar de encendido a pagado los
electrodomésticos remotamente”.
Yo traduciría: Permitiendo al usuario prender o apagar los aparatos, desde lejos
Continuing:
Furthermore, if houses are fitted with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances
can be set to run directly from the on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the
grid.
Además, si las casas son acondicionadas con los electrodomésticos para que generen su
propia energía, pueden ser colocados a funcionar directamente desde la fuente de poder y
cualquier exceso puede ser vendida a la red.
Respected e-mate: there are not Electrodomésticos to generate their own power. In this
case apparatus means: “electrical generator”, the Spanish Word you use corresponds with
“Appliances”
So, I would translate:
Si las casas están acondicionadas con sus propios generadores eléctricos, los
electrodomésticos se pueden conectar directamente a la fuente generadora y la carga
excedente se le vende a la electrificadora.
Best regards
F. Pareja
Re: Unit 1: Task 3 - Collaborative Activity 1
by LUIS FERNANDO PAREJA - Friday, March 22, 2019, 7:22 PM
12. 12
Translation Techniques
Deisy, hello.
I can see your good translation work and it is seen the precision and elaboration you have
done.
add your comments and as a group we will start building the slides.
Come on group.
Fdo Pareja
John Jairo Mesa.
TASK 1 TRADUCTION
PARAGRAPH 3
Smart Grid technology offers benefits to the consumer too. They will be able to collect real-
time information on their energy use for each appliance. Varying tariffs throughout the day
will give customers the incentive to use appliances at times when supply greatly exceeds
demand, leading to great reductions in bills. For example, they may use their washing
machines at night. Smart meters can also be connected to the internet or telephone system,
allowing customers to switch appliances on or off remotely. Furthermore, if houses are fitted
with the apparatus to generate their own power, appliances can be set to run directly from the
on-site power source, and any excess can be sold to the grid.
La tecnologia de redes inteligentes también ofrece beneficios al consumidor. Ellos podrán colectar la
información en tiempo real en el consumo de energía por cada aparato. Variando las tarifas en todo el día, les
darán a los consumidores el incentivo para usar electrodomésticos en momentos cuando el suministro exceda
la demanda, conduciendo a una gran reducción en las facturas. Por ejemplo, usarían sus lavadoras en la noche.
Medidores inteligentes también pueden ser conectados a el internet o por sistema telefónico, permitiendo a los
clientes pasar de encendido a pagado los electrodomésticos remotamente. Además, si las casas son
acondicionadas con los electrodomésticos para que generen su propia energía, pueden sercolocados a funcionar
directamente desde la fuente de poder y cualquier exceso puede ser vendida a la red.
13. 13
Translation Techniques
TASK 2 REFLECTION
Most of the time I feel comfortable about it, however, when I started the translation of this
paragraph 3, I could notice the text included words that were not very familiar with.
Therefore, at the beginning, I was somewhat lost. One difficult part was to find the exact
word to change it into the target language and to be able to organize some ideas without
altering the content.
The strategy I commonly use when translating a text is proof reading, it means, I read the
whole text several times to better understand its meaning, then I start to translate. Once I
finish, I read the result several times to find mistakes or a better way to redact the ideas.
I tried to translate this paragraph directly by using the literal translation technique but I could
not do it with the whole text because there were some grammatical sentences and structures
that change a little bit between English and Spanish. Therefore, I resorted to different
techniques, including:
Shifts or transpositions
Adaptation
Modulation
Moreover, if I do not know a word, I use wordreference.com or sometimes a dictionary and
I always make sure that its meaning is consistent with the content of the text.
TASK 3 CHART
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
A method is a way
(procedure, planned
steps) for doing
something (concrete) in
accordance with a
definite plan.
A method is a series of
related and progressive
acts performed by a
teacher and students to
Example:
Syntactic strategies.
Semantic strategies.
Pragmatic strategies.
Is a procedure or skill for
completing a specific task.
14. 14
Translation Techniques
achieve the objective of
the lesson.
Example:
Word-for-word
translation.
Free translation.
Idiomatic translation.
o Usually requires
some sort of
planning.
o A strategy is a
plan or series of
exercises or
stratagems for
obtaining a
specific goal or
result.
o A strategy is a
plan of action
designed to
achieve an overall
aim. On the long
term, any strategy
requires some sort
of science or art to
be deployed.
o It is used for sentences
and the smallest units of
language.
o It is a process that must
comply with a series of
norms which aim to
obtain certain results in
any field: science,
education, technolog
15. 15
Translation Techniques
TASK 4 FEEDBACK
Re: Unit 1: Task 3 - Collaborative Activity 1
by JOHN JAIRO MESA - Tuesday, March 26, 2019, 8:08 PM
Hello dear partner.
I really appreciate your comments and suggestions cuz I got to accept that I am not so good
at Translating into Spanish and I will take it into account.
Yours.
John.
Re: Unit 1: Task 3 - Collaborative Activity 1
by JOHN JAIRO MESA - Wednesday, March 27, 2019, 8:12 PM
Hi Luis.
You really did a good job, well-structured and with coherence.
Yours John.
Re: Unit 1: Task 3 - Collaborative Activity 1
by JOHN JAIRO MESA - Wednesday, March 27, 2019, 8:16 PM
Hi Deisy.
Well done, good job.
I am not good at this cuz many Spanish words are unfamiliar for me and most of the time I
got the idea and I know how to transmit it but translating can be hard sometimes.
Yours
John.
16. 16
Translation Techniques
Paula Alejandra Benjumea Prieto
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
SMART ENERGY, PARAGRAPH 1
Energía Inteligente
Párrafo 1
En las próximas pocas décadas se verán grandes cambios en la manera en la que la energía
es suministrada y usada. En algunas de las principales naciones productoras de petróleo,
‘peak oil: cúspide petrolera’ ya ha alcanzado, y ha incrementado el temor del calentamiento
global. Consecuentemente, muchos países están enfocándose en el cambio a una economía
baja en carbono. Esta transición dirigirá a grandes cambios en el suministro y uso de la
electricidad. En primer lugar, Habrá un aumento en la demanda general, como los
consumidores cambian de petróleo y gas a electricidad para alimentar sus hogares y
vehículos. En segundo lugar, habrá un incremento en generación de energía, no solamente
en términos de cuándo es generada, sino en cómo es generada, A medida que crece la
generación eléctrica a partir de fuentes renovables. Para conocer esos cambios, los países
están invirtiendo en Tecnología de red inteligente. Esta tecnología tiene como objetivo
proporcionar a la industria eléctrica con una mejor comprensión de la generación de energía
y la demanda, y usar esta información para crear una red eléctrica más eficiente.
The next few decades will see great changes in the way energy is supplied and used. In some major oil
producing nations, 'peak oil' has already been reached, and there are increasing fears of g lobal
warming. Consequently,many countries are focusing on the switch to a low carbon economy. This transition
will lead to major changes in the supply and use of electricity. Firstly, there will be an increase in overall
demand, as consumers switch from oil and gas to electricity to power their homes and vehicles. Secondly, there
will be an increase in power generation,not only in terms ofhow much is generated,but also howit is generated,
as there is growing electricity generation from renewable sources. To meet these challenges, countries are
investing in Smart Grid technology. This system aims to provide the electricity industry with a better
understanding of power generation and demand, and to use this information to create a more efficient po wer
network.
Párrafo 4
Con estos cambios llegan unas gamas de retos. El primero involucra gestionar la oferta y
demanda. Recursos de energía renovable, como el viento, ola y solar, son notoriamente
impredecibles, y poder nuclear, que también se espera que aumente a medida que las naciones
cambien a fuentes de energía alternativas, es inflexible. Con petróleo y gas, es relativamente
simple incrementar el suministro de energía para igualar el aumento de la demanda durante
las horas pico del día o año. Con recursos alternativos, esto es mucho más difícil, y podría
conducir a apagones o colapsos del sistema. Soluciones potenciales incluyen la investigación
17. 17
Translation Techniques
de nuevas y eficientes maneras para almacenar energía y animar a los consumidores a usar
electricidad en las horas de menor actividad. Un segundo problema es el hecho de que
muchas fuentes de generación de energía renovable son localizadas en áreas remotas, tales
como tierras altas ventosas y regiones costeras, donde hay actualmente una falta de
infraestructura eléctrica. Por lo tanto, se deben construir nuevas infraestructuras. Por suerte,
con una tecnología inteligente mejorada, esto se puede hacer de más eficientemente al reducir
los costos de refuerzo o construcción.
With these changes comes a range of challenges. The first involves managing the supply and demand. Sources
of renewable energy, such as wind, wave and solar, are notoriously unpredictable, and nuclear power, which is
also set to increase as nations switch to alternative energy sources,is inflexible. With oil and gas,it is relatively
simple to increase the supply of energy to match the increasing demand during peak times of the day or
year. With alternative sources,this is farmore difficult, and may lead to blackouts orsystemcollapse. Potential
solutions include investigating new and efficient ways to store energy and encouraging consumers to use
electricity at off-peak times. A second problem is the fact that many renewable power generation sources are
located in remote areas, such as windy uplands and coastalregions, where there is currently a lack of electrical
infrastructure. New infrastructures therefore must be built. Thankfully, with improved smart technology,this
can be done more efficiently by reducing the reinforcement or construction costs.
TASK 2 REFLECTION
The first thing I did to translate the two paragraphs was to read carefully and try to understand
the context, the subject that was discussed in them and later I prepared to make a very careful
translation to make sure I had understood the same sense, literally, textually and exactly,
since that is the job of the translator as analyzed in the video Hampshire, S. (2010, August
31).Translation vs. Interpreting. I would have interpreted the text if I replace the words with
similar ones or if I contextualize it in my own way, that's why I realized, from the beginning,
to be very accurate with the original meaning of the paragraphs of the text, and not to interpret
the definition in my own way.
I chose the translation method Word-for-word translation and Literal translation; the first
method helped me a lot in those words I did not know about the text and I resorted to
supporting myself in the pages suggested by the tutor such as http://www.wordreference.com/,
to familiarize myself with its translation and its meaning (peak oil, switch, power, power
network, windy uplands), and understand the text in its literal sense as the second method,
this also helped me a lot to find the meaning of the text in its textual form and not only in my
personal way, that is, I placed myself in a more neutral position.
However, I also used another method given that in some parts the previous methods did not
give meaning to what I translated, and they did not help me to contextualize and confused
me a little, so I resorted to the method of communicative translation, which helped me to give
an exact contextual meaning to the paragraphs I was trying to translate and so make it more
understandable to me and obviously to the person who reads it.
18. 18
Translation Techniques
TASK 3 CHART
Definition Method Strategy Technique
The method is a series of
procedures or step by step to
arrive at a criterion destined,
also it can be defined as a
specific orientation or
guidelines.
For Ferreiro (2009), strategies
are an essential component of
the teaching - learning process.
They are the system of activities
that allow the accomplishment
of a task with the required
quality due to the flexibility and
adaptability to the existing
conditions. In the area of
education, we talk about
strategies to refer to the set of
techniques that help improve the
educational process.
The technique refers to the
tools that are used to reach a
specific end of knowledge. It's
a procedure or set of rules,
norms or protocols, which aim
to obtain a specific result,
whether in the field of science,
technology, art,education or
any other activity.
Differences The Method is only the way in
which something is done, with
order and following certain
principles
The strategies are responsible
for establishing what is needed
to solve the task of the study
well, determine the techniques.
Techniques would be specific
activities carried out by
students when they learn.
They are the practical steps
that are used in the
instrumentation (carry out) of
a method.
The method considered as a
procedure, as a reasoned order
of action, serves as a guide for
an activity
The strategy is primarily a guide
to action, in the sense that it
guides you in obtaining certain
results
The technique is more limited
to the orientation of learning
in defined areas,while the
strategy covers more general
aspects or a complete training
process.
Examples Word-for-word translation,
Literal translation, Faithful
translation, Semantic
translation, Adaptation, Free
translation, Idiomatic
translation, Communicative
translation.
Use of a standard translation,
Minimum change, that is, a
literal translation, without regard
to connotative or contextual
meaning, Extra allusive
guidance added in the text, The
use of footnotes, endnotes,
translator's notes and other
explicit explanations not
supplied in the text but
explicitly given as additional
information
Direct Translation Techniques,
Borrowing, Calque, Literal
Translation, Oblique
Translation Techniques,
Transposition, Modulation,
Reformulation or Equivalence
