Painting and Decorating Techniques Guide

© Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Copying permitted for the purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.
Painting and Decorating NVQ and Technical Certificate Level 2, 2nd Edition
Getting started
• Dust off the lid to prevent any
contamination.
• Follow manufacturer’s
information on mixing.
• Strain the coating if needed.
• Pour your coating into a
clean, dust-free paint kettle.
Why should you NOT mix
thixotropic paints?

• Coat all the bristles of the brush, working in
by gently rubbing the brush on the inside of
the work pot.
• Scrape back the coating off the brush, to
ensure the brush keeps its shape.
• Do not let the coating go all over the ferrule
and handle of the brush – it will drip all over
the place!
• Get a dip, dipping only the first third of the bristles into the paint
then tapping alternate sides of the brush on the inside of the pot.
Why should you only dip the first third of the bristles into the paint?
Loading brush

Cutting in is the action of
applying paint to one surface
while keeping paint off an
adjoining surface: for example,
when painting a wall, keeping
paint off the ceiling.
Why would you need to cut in
when painting a window frame?
Cutting in

Applying the coating
• Spread it out on the surface in
all directions to prevent it
sagging.
• Spread the coating up and down
in a vertical motion.
• Spread the coating out in a
horizontal direction.
Why should you spread the paint in
this order?

‘Laying off’ means removing the
brush marks.
• With an oil-based coating,
use the tips of the brush to
lightly remove the brush
marks, keeping in the same
direction.
• With a water-based coating,
‘lay off’ in an arcing motion,
to remove any brush or roller
marks.
Laying off

Applying emulsion with a roller
Applying a water-based coating
is quicker and easier with a
roller.
• Cut in your surface.
• Apply your coating with the
roller in a ‘W’ motion.
• This ensures that all of the
surface has been coated,
especially when you apply a
second coating.

After applying coatings
• Clean brushes out correctly.
• Wash water-based coatings
out of the brush with clean
water, then store brush
away.
• Wash oil-based coatings out
with clean turps or brush
cleaner, then store brush
away.
• Oil-based brushes can be
kept in a brush keep until
used again.

• Prepare your surface, by cleaning
and keying it.
• Apply a ground coat with no brush
marks.
• Apply a scumble glaze sparingly,
laying off in the direction of the
panel.
• Drag a graining brush through the
glaze to create uneven lines.
• Stipple the surface gently.
How do you key a surface?
Graining

• Apply oil-based black
eggshell ground coat.
• Apply thin layer of glip.
• Apply dark green paint, then
light green paint.
• Stipple with a hair hog stippler.
• Distress the surface, then flick
on white spirit.
• Create fine lines with white
eggshell paint, and soften.
• Protect with a layer of varnish.
What is glip?
Marbling: vert de mer

Rag rolling
• Rag rolling is classed as a
broken colour effect.
• There are two ways to create
the effect: ‘ragging on’ and
‘ragging off’.
• The effect is created by
applying a colour to a painted
surface with a rag, then lifting
off to expose ground colour,
creating a broken colour.
What is the difference between ‘ragging on’ and ‘ragging off’?

Sponging
• Sponging is another broken
colour effect.
• You simply dip a sponge
into a coloured paint, then
apply it to a painted
surface.
• Load the sponge carefully
as too much paint will give
a bad finish.
How many colours can you use

Stippling
•Stippling is classed as a ‘suede-
like appearance’ effect.
•You apply a colour mixture to a
surface with a brush first, then
use a stippler.
•Stippling gives a ‘blended colour’
look to a surface.
•Various colours can be overlaid
to
create bands of colour.
What types of coating can you use for
stippling?

Wipe and glaze
•Wiping and glazing is a way to highlight a surface on a relief
material.
•You apply a colour to a surface such as a embossed wallpaper,
then wipe the colour back off.
•Many bars and restaurants
used to have this type of effect.
•Various colours can be
overlaid to create bands of colour.
What is a relief surface?

Stencilling: making stencils
•Choose your stencil material.
•Use a stencil mat to cut out
on.
•Use a specialist craft knife
with
a fresh blade.
•Cut away from yourself or
move the design around the
knife.
•Take special care cutting ties.
What materials can you make
stencils from?

Stencilling: applying stencils
• Prepare your materials: stencil,
clean equipment and enough paint!
• Load up your stencilling tool and
dab onto palette to remove excess.
• Apply colour in a stabbing motion,
making sure not to smudge or let
paint creep under stencil.
• Remove stencil carefully.
At what angle should you hold a stencil
brush?

Applying textured paint
Textured paint, sometimes called plastic
paint, is thick and can be manipulated
into different patterns and styles.
There are two types of textured paint:
• Plaster of Paris type
• sand type.
What PPE would you need when using
these paints?

Gilding
• Gilding is the application of gold or
other metal leaf to a surface.
• Transfer leaf, attached to tissue
paper, is applied like a transfer –
easier to apply.
• Loose leaf is applied from a book
or a gilder’s cushion – takes more
skill.
What sort of gold leaf does not tarnish?

Gold size
Gold size is an
adhesive used as
a mordant for
gold leaf, and
needs to reach
the right
tackiness.
What does
‘mordant’ mean?

Defects found in gilding

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