Application methods

1. Application Techniques

2. Content
• Brush Application
• Roller Application
• Putty knife
• Wet age time,
• Wet on wet application

4. Brush Application
• A paintbrush is usually made by clamping the bristles to a handle with a Ferrule.
• They are available in various sizes, shapes, and materials.

5. • Good-quality brushes have “flagged”
bristle tips.
• A flagged bristle is a bristle that is split
into three to five strands.
• This flagging helps bristles retain paint
and spread it more uniformly.
• Bristles should be set solidly in rubber.
Selection of best quality brush

6. Paint Brushes
Classification based on Their bristles
• Natural Bristles:
• Synthetic bristles:
•Man-made brushes
•Either polyester or nylon,
•Suitable for use with oil base or latex paints.

7. • Sable: (Found in China)
• The ultimate soft brush is made from the hairs on the tail of a sable marten;
these taper naturally,
• Sable brushes are expensive, but are renowned for their softness, flexibility,
and fine point.
• Sable has traditionally been considered the best hair for water-color brushes.
• They are good for painting fine details and very thin paint.
• Squirrel:
• Cheaper than sable, squirrel is a soft hair with little spring.
• Larger squirrel brushes work better than smaller ones because the mass of hairs
together gives them support.
Natural Bristles

8. • Hog/bristle:
• These brushes are the workhorse of the oil painter.
• The ultimate hard brush is made from the hairs on the back of a pig (hog),
• The bristles have natural split-ends, which increases the amount of paint they
hold.
• They are good for loading with a lot of paint and painting impasto style and
are used for both oils and acrylics.
• They age well, becoming softer and more responsive with use.
• Camel:
• Camel hair is unsuitable for brushes because it is too soft.
• Ox:
• Long, strong and springy hair. It is most often used in flat shaped brushes.

9. • Nylon
• very durable and resist wear on rough surfaces.
• Relatively soft bristle.
• Tend to soften and lose their shape with prolonged use
• Nylon is very easy to clean.
• Best suited for use with water base paints on interior smooth and semi-
smooth surface.
Synthetic Bristles

10. Synthetic Bristles Cont…
•Polyester
• Resistant to water absorption.
• 100% polyester brushes do not have good resistance to abrasion,
• Do not stand up to heavy use on rough surfaces.
• Tends to leave brush marks.
• These filaments are very difficult to clean, but may be used with all
paints.
• Polyester brushes may be a good choice for exterior painting
applications on smooth, semi-smooth, and semi-rough surfaces.

11. Paint Requirement of brush application
• Air drying type, based on long/medium oil length alkyds, emulsion, distempers are
ideal for brush application.
• Viscosity 45-55 sec by ford Cup B-4.
• Evaporation rate must be set accordingly.
• Quick drying type paints based on medium to short oil length alkyd and fast
evaporating solvent like Xylene are not suitable.

12. Do’s
Proper Selection of Brush w.r.t. Paint system
Proper cleaning Before and After application
Rinse the brush in proper solvent, making sure that no traces of
paint are left on the ferrule and hairs
Soaking of brush in proper solvent after application
Always store your paint brush upright with the hairs up
Do’s for Brush Painting

13. Don’ts
 Do not let the paint dry in your brushes
 Don't let your brushes sit tip down in paint for extended periods.
 If left soaking too, the hairs of brushes can begin to damage.
 Over time this can permanently damage the shape and functionality of your
brush.
Don’ts for Brush Painting

14. Troubleshooting
 Brushes
 Surface discontinuities
 Uneven Spreading

15. Brushes
 Service life of Brush
 Life depends on Maintenance of brush
 Usually to be dip into the proper medium of solvent 48 hrs.
prior to use
 Skill of the painter
 Nature of surface to be painted
 Viscosity of the paint
 Accessibility of the job

16. Surface discontinuities
 Uneven application of paint by painter
 Sufficient wet edge time
 Irregular surface profile

17. Uneven Spreading & brush marks
 Too short flash off time
 Too Fast evaporating solvents combination
 Too thick paint application
 Poor flow and leveling of paint

18. •Advantages of brush application
Low capital cost
Suitable for on-site application
Independent of power
No loss through overspray
Short set-up time
•Advantages of brush application
Most expensive way of applying paint because of labour costs involved

20. What are paint rollers?
• A paint roller is a paint application tool used for painting large flat surfaces
rapidly and efficiently.
• The paint roller typically consists of two parts: a "roller frame," and a "roller
cover."
• The roller cover absorbs the paint and transfers it to the painted surface, the roller
frame attaches to the roller cover.
• A painter holds the roller by the handle section.
• The roller frame is reusable. It is possible to clean and reuse a roller cover, but it
is also typically disposed of after use.

22. Types of rollers
1. Manual Rollers
• Manual rollers are the most common type of paint roller.
• These rollers are typically used to apply paint to walls and ceilings
• Manual rollers are particularly useful in painting high surfaces.
• In fact, if the handle is long enough, you can paint a ceiling with a
manual roller without having to incorporate the aid of a ladder.
• Drawback – Paint drips if even a little paint is applied.

23. 2. Pad Rollers
• Pad rollers are an effective tool for painting trim or edging.
• These unique rollers utilize a highly absorbent, flat pad to apply paint in straight,
even strokes.
• They feature small wheels along their edges that help keep the paint application
straight.
• Because of their flatness, pad rollers tend to hold paint better than other types of
rollers.
• Best paint rollers to use when painting a single surface more than one colour.
Types of rollers cont….

24. 3. Textured Rollers
• Textured rollers are specifically designed to paint a texture onto a surface.
• These rollers feature special foam covers that have certain patterns etched
into them.
• There are rollers that simulate wood grain, brick, stone, tile and many other
patterns.
• Like manual rollers, textured rollers are best suited for use on large
surfaces, like walls and ceilings.
Types of rollers cont….

25. Selection of Rollers Designing aspects
1. Pile Depth/Nap Length
It is thickness of the roller cover's fibre nap. It's essential to choose the right
pile depth for the surface you're painting.
• Very Smooth – for metal doors and plaster
• Smooth – for drywall
• Semi-Smooth – for drywall
• Semi-Rough – for rough wood and acoustic tile
• Rough – for textured ceilings and stucco finishes
• Very Rough – for concrete block, brick and fences

26. Process of Roller painting
• Fit the roller to the frame.
• Pour paint into the reservoir at the end of the roller tray. Do not overfill.
• Dip the roller lightly into the paint, the paint should cover less than half of the
roller. Then roll it backwards and forwards on the ramp of the tray to evenly
distribute the paint on the roller cover.
• Roll the paint onto the surface with in a large zigzag pattern. Then fill in the space
with criss-cross strokes.
• Once you’ve covered the area, level the finish by laying-off with long, parallel
strokes. Laying-off needs to be done before the paint has commenced drying, so it’s
best to work in sections at a time.
• Never leave a paint-covered roller exposed to the air for any length of time. Wrap it
in plastic cling wrap when you take a short break, and make sure to clean it
completely after use.

27. •Advantages
1. It is usually quicker than brush application, especially on rough surfaces.
2. Suitable to get texture coating.
3. No/Minimum paint consumption.
4. Semi-skilled operator to obtain a reasonable standard.
5. Faster than brush application.
•Disadvantages:
1.Although not as quick as spraying
2.Not suitable for QD paints.
3.Corners and Complicated surfaces difficult to paint.

28. Wet Age time
• It is a minimum flash off time for second coat within which second coat can be
applied to get uniform and proper merging of two coats.
• Large Surfaces can not be applied in single stroke.
• When painting is carrying out by brush of roller, only within reach surface is
painted
• Thus, painting of large surface is completed by painting its small portion one after
another.
• Paint must be cover and must get merge into neighbouring coat so that it will not
give a patch of colour at the joints.

29. • Painting operation always carried out by two or more coat to get desired
opacity with minimum defects.
• At the time of application of second coat, its underneath coat must be
sufficiently wet so that second coat will get merge in to it.
• This merging of coats is very important to get uniform coating opacity and
colour uniformity.
• Therefore, to get proper merging of coats paint application must know its wet
age time.
Wet Age Time Cont….

30. Wet on Wet (W/W) application
• This is a technique of applying second coat of paint before first coats dried off.
• Second coat may or may not be same.
• When same paint is being applied it is applied to increase the DFT and opacity of the
coating.
• Such a wet on wet application does not showed any film properties
provided that Applicator ensures the wet age time and other paint application
properties
• When second coat has different composition problem of intercoat adhesion may arise.

31. Advantages of W/W application
1. Fast process.
2. Film build up without film defects.
3. Eliminated baking cost if it’s a baking system.
4. Hiding can be improved
5.
Disadvantage:
1. Intercoat adhesion failure
Wet on Wet (W/W) application Cont….

33. Thank You……