Parkinson Disease Research Paper

Parkinson Disease Essay
Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects
approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson's disease is a condition that
progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the
substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major
neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016). The cause of Parkinson disease,
defined by Robert Hauser, who is an author of Medscape, is still unclear. Studies state that there is a
combination of environmental and genetic factors for this particular disease. Approximately 10% of
cases are currently genetic causes of Parkinson disease. Environmental risk factors such as use of
pesticides, living in a rural environment, consumption of well water, exposure to herbicides, and
proximity to industrial plants or quarries are commonly associated with the development of
Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016). In addition, according to Hauser, "genetic factors in Parkinson
disease appear to be very important when the disease begins at or before age 50 years. In a study of
193 twins, overall concordance for MZ and DZ pairs was similar, but in 16 pairs of twins, in whom
Parkinson disease was diagnosed at or before age 50 years, all 4 MZ pairs, but only 2 of 12 DZ
pairs, was concordant.The identification of a few families with familial Parkinson disease sparked
further interest in the genetics of the disease.
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Dementia and Parkinson´s Disease Essay
Parkinson's disease, a type of dementia also known as idiopathic or primary parkinsonism, paralysis
agitans, or hypokinetic rigid syndrome/HRS, is on the rise in the U.S. Each year there are over
60,000 new cases in the U.S. alone. With the average person diagnosed with Parkinson's disease
over the age of 65 and America's rapidly growing elderly population, awareness and concern are
becoming significant points of interest for many healthcare professionals.
Parkinson's disease is caused by the destruction of dopamine–producing nerve cells in the midbrain
(Substantia nigra). These nerve cells are used to coordinate smooth and regular body movement. In
the absence of these cells, people often experience tremors (involuntary shaking or ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately Pathak was able to figure out how to make the hardware for cancellation small enough to
help those affected by tremors. As a result, Pathak's research in stabilization has taken the
technology in a new direction.
Instead of trying to force the hand to stop moving (which often causes pain and irritation), Liftware
stabilizes the object that the person is trying to hold. This is the first product of its kind that has the
ability to constantly steady itself while the user is shaking. Located in the Liftware utensil is a
microchip and sensor that can monitor the direction and force of the tremors. The motion sensor
feeds data to the onboard control, separating the unintended motion (the tremor) from the intended
motion (eating). The device is then able to adjust its movements using an actuator to counteract the
users uncontrolled movement. Running on a rechargeable battery similar to the modern electronic
toothbrushes, this electronic utensil can last on a single charge for several days.
In a study conducted at the University of Michigan, researchers tested Liftware on a variety of
patients. Before any patient was tested, a neurologist characterized the tremors of each of the
patients. Then each patient was instructed to do simple tasks (eating, gripping items, etc.) with the
Liftware utensil, which had interchangeable parts for both a fork and spoon. The results showed a
75% reduction in tremors in the patients hands on average.
The price for a Liftware

Tremor Case Study Essay
MRgFUS effectiveness
In 2012 Elias et al. presented the first clinical trial of MRgFUS application in ET treatment. The
study was conducted at the University of Virginia on 15 ET patients who had significantly
exacerbated symptoms of ET which complicated their normal activities and who did not show
significant improvement after long–term pharmacotherapy. Similar to many of the DBS studies,
effectiveness of tremor suppression was measured using a Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor to
calculate the total score (ranging from 0 to 160), hand subscore (primary outcome, ranging from 0 to
32), and disability subscore (ranging from 0 to 32), with higher scores indicating worse tremor. The
Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire was used to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
published a non–randomized trial, in which 11 patients were recruited to undergo unilateral
MRgFUS and neuroimaging in order to assess the efficacy and safety of the procedure. Tremor
severity and functional impairment/disability were assessed at baseline, one week, one month, three
months, and six months after the procedure. Eight of the eleven patients who completed the trail
showed immediate and sustained improvements in tremors lasting to the 6–month evaluation period.
These eight patients reported improvement in Parts A and B involving clinician/investigator rating
of tremor severity with the patient writing, drawing spirals, pouring water, and other physical exam
tasks. These eight patients also showed marked improvement in Part C of the CRST relating to
patient–reported disability due to tremor. However, treatment was not completed for the remaining
three patients as MRgFUS failed to achieve a sufficient temperature, resulting in poor lesion and
tremor capture. Furthermore, Chang et al. discovered neuroimaging changes where the lesions
disappeared after 1 month; questioning the relationship between skull thickness and adequate
heating to produce an effective lesion. Still, the authors concluded that these results demonstrated
that MRgFUS is a safe, effective and less invasive surgical method for treating medication–
refractory

Parkinson Disease Research Paper
Matthew Quick Parkinson's disease is a disease that affects the way a person moves. Movement for
a parkinson's sufferer can be slow and shaky. There are different types of parkinson's, multiple
system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP),normal pressure hydrocephalus and
tremors including essential tremors, dystonic tremors, indeterminate tremors and atypical tremors.
These tremors are all part of this disease and affect all patients in different ways. Parkinson's is a
progressive neurological condition that affects approximately 70,000 people Australia wide, it is
seen more in males than females. The average age for somebody to be diagnosed with parkinson's is
over 65 but there have been cases of diagnosis in people under the age of 50. When there is
something like this it is referred to as young onset parkinson's and the average life expectancy after
diagnosis is 7 to 14 years. A diagnosis should always be done by a specialist. A diagnosis is not any
easy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Levodopa does begin to become less effective as time goes on but another drug Dopamine Agonists
takes Levodopa's place in slowing the loss of neurons. It has been proven that a set diet and forms of
rehabilitation like exercise can improve symptoms of parkinson's disease. When the drugs become
ineffective sufferers of parkinson's can undergo surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain
stimulation which reduce motor symptoms. Other symptoms which aren't as big an issue like sleep
disturbances and emotional problems can be effected by the medication that is taken. Sleep
disturbances can be worse and somebody with parkinson's can also suffer sleep insomnia, 13% of
people with parkinson's have sleep attacks or narcolepsy which is a neurological disorder which
makes a sufferer randomly fall

Developmental Stuttering Research Paper
a communication disorder which begins during childhood and belongs to speech fluency.
Concurrently Margrain (2011) defines stuttering as "a communication disorder which can include
repetitions, prolongations, or having blocks, with no sound, in speech. Another name for stuttering is
stammering. Some individuals refer to a particular type of stuttering as "developmental stuttering".
Others refer to stuttering as a "syndrome" focusing on symptoms that may exist in any stuttering
individual. Margrain (2011) articulate that many people who stutter present beside the core behavior
another behaviors referred to as secondary behaviors these behaviors are vary from person to
person. The first two secondary behaviors are often to appear

Parkinson Disease
According to a study by Murdock, Cousins, and Kernohan, these four major signs make Parkinson
disease more and more crippling and life–threatening: resting tremors, Rigidity, Bradykinesia, and
Postural instability. 1st sign are Resting tremors. Resting tremors are seen as the shaking of the limb,
even when the person is at rest. Often, the tremor affects only the hand or fingers and the tremors
can trigger during any type of movement of an affected body part. In the early stages of the disease,
about 70 % of people experience a slight tremor in the hand or foot on one side of the body, or less
commonly in the jaw or face. The 2nd sign is Rigidity, which causes stiffness and inflexibility of the
limbs, neck and trunk. Muscles normally stretch when they move, and then relax when they are at
rest. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rigidity can be very uncomfortable and even painful. Most people with Parkinson's disease don't
walk with their arms swinging because of stiff and rigid muscles. The rigidity also causes the patient
to have slow movement. Because muscles are so tight and can't easily move, patients take a long
time moving from step to step because of the associated pain. Another symptom that challenges
Parkinson's disease patients is slurred speech. People have a difficult time understanding what
patients are saying. Parkinson's disease can affect a person's voice, causing them to speak softly or
have difficulty forming sounds clearly. The third sign is Bradykinesia, which is one of the most
significant problems for Parkinson disease patients. According to data from robot–assisted gait
training, Bradykinesia causes everything the patient does to be slow. Bradykinesia is also expressed
as micrographia (small handwriting), hypomimia (decreased facial expression), decreased blink rate,
and hypophonia (soft speech). Bradykinesia causes difficulty with repetitive movements, such as
finger

A Study On Lift Labs
Liftware Spoon Background
Lift Labs is a company founded by Anupam Pathak which developed a spoon called Liftware
Stabiliser (Rushe, 2014) which is designed to counteract the the physiological tremor and shaking
associated with Parkinson's disease (Neckar, 2014). The company was acquired by Google in
September 2014 and integrated into the life sciences division of Google X (Dougherty, 2014).
The Liftware stabilising handle (which can attach spoon, fork and soup spoons) contains motion
sensors (an accelerometer) (Gruneisen, 2013) that detect hand motion, and a small onboard
computer distinguishes unwanted hand tremors from the intended movement of the hand. The
computer directs two motions in the handle to move the utensil attachment in the opposite direction
of any detected tremor, therefore counteracting any tremors, stabilising the utensil (Liftware, 2014)
and reducing the shaking by up to 70% (Mashable, 2013).
Google launched the spoon in November 2014, costing $295 USD (Rushe, 2014).
Opportunities identified in the Market
When developing a new product or service it is important to consider the opportunities in the
market. In delivering new or innovative products into the market, firms must employ a series of
activities that are outlined in the New Product Development process (Koen et al, 2007). Peter Koen
et al. provides a five–step front–end activity called front–end innovation: 'opportunity identification,
opportunity analysis, idea genesis, idea selection, and

1960: The First Earthquake In Chile
1960, the first tremor of a series hits Valdivia, Chile. By the time they end, the quakes and their
aftereffects kill 5,000 people and leave another 2 million homeless. Registering a magnitude of 7.6,
the first earthquake was powerful and killed several people. It turned out to be only a foreshock,
however, to one of the most powerful tremors ever recorded.
3:11 p.m. the following afternoon, an 8.5–magnitude quake rocked southern Chile. The epicenter of
this tremendous shaking was just off the coast under the Pacific Ocean. There, the Nazca oceanic
plate plunged 50 feet down under the South American plate. The earthquake caused huge landslides
of debris down the mountains of the region, as well as a series of tsunamis in the coastal region

Roy Tremor-Personal Narrative
As the evening fell the dark blue night rose up across the sky. Roy Tremor laid under the stars in his
back yard as he did every night with his dog Mabel. Mabel was approaching an old age but she was
still a great listener. Usually he told Mabel about his day, but tonight he told her about his mom. His
mom passed away in a car accident when he was only a baby, she was the most loving person he
knew, and he missed her everyday. As he lay talking, curled up next to Mabel he could feel his eyes
getting heavier and heavier as the warm summer breeze brushed against his face. Roy was a loving
boy, he took care of others without any thought of himself. Thats why when the opportunity came
about to save his mother, he didn't think twice. He was looking in the bathroom mirror as he was
getting ready for school, combing through his short sandy brown hair and washing his tan skin when
he saw lightning. He approached the door with caution, when he opened it he saw nothing. He
closed it and returned to the mirror, although this time he couldn't see himself, he was too short. He
eventually gave up and walked to the kitchen for breakfast, he saw his mom standing near the
counter and talking on the phone. He ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Roy was realizing he had the ability to fit in with the time. Because it was clearly before 2008, when
his mom died, he transformed into a toddler. Obviously he assumed this had something with his
mothers death, so he began to wander around the house looking for news papers with dates. Then he
found one with the date of the crash he began to stall his mother. The best way he thought he could
inconvenience his mom was to make a mess and knock things over so thats what he did. His mom
did not end up leaving the house until night time and roy had hoped he had done enough to interfere
with the timing of the

The Cure Of Parkinson 's Disease
Abstract
Parkinson 's is a very complex subject since there is still no cure and heredity still can 't be proven.
As a CNA you are expected to know that there are different diseases with different needs. Parkinson
's has many signs and symptoms. If tremors are noticeable it is best to get a check up, but just
because you show signs it is no reason to self diagnose. Before Parkinson 's begins you can always
try to prevent it. Who knew caffeine could prevent Parkinson 's. Although Parkinson 's can be
prevented, there are still some things that make you more prone to getting Parkinson 's. Some things
include age and heredity. Science is always changing and you never know what things can be
invented to stop Parkinson 's or maybe even reverse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parkinson's is a disease that is believed to be a neurological disease. This disease is caused by the
dopamine in the brainstem and cerebellum, and the brain stems inability to produce enough
dopamine. There are many signs that tell people Parkinson 's is present, and although there is a cure,
it doesn 't always work. As a Certified nursing student there are many things we can do to help a
patient or resident with Activities of daily living. As a CNA it is a great idea to know more in depth
about diseases to better help residents and patients.
Signs and Symptoms: Parkinson's like many diseases can be detected if you notice the things that 's
most patients with Parkinson 's have. Although these signs to conclude Parkinson 's having one sign
or symptom is not enough to diagnose that you may or may not have Parkinson 's. One of the most
common of theses signs and symptoms is tremors, which means "uncontrolled trembling" (Hegner,
Acello, Caldwell, 2008). The trembling usually starts at the fingers and moves up the arm, until
eventually is reaches both arms. In the case of the legs, the tremors would start at the toes and
moves up the leg to the thighs. Tremors can also be in the head and the jaw. The next thing to notice
in a person with Parkinson 's Muscular rigidity which means "loss of flexibility" (Hegner, Acello,
Caldwell, 2008) in the muscles. The muscles in the body become less stretchable and limits the

Parkinson’s Disease Essay
Parkinson's Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic
neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders.
Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily
movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as
well as non–motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease are characterized
by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral,
appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides;
rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson's disease, ... Show more
Dopamine is a brain chemical/Neurotransmitter that work as messenger signal between the
Substantia Nigra to the next relay station of the brain, the corpus striatum which helps to produce
smooth coordinate movement and also plays a major role to help control muscle's movement. With
Parkinson's disease, the brain cells that produce dopamine slowly die, which lead to decrease
production of Dopamine. The loss of dopamine causes abnormal nerve firing with brain and the
cells that control muscle's movement by sending the messages to the muscles; due to this it becomes
really hard to control muscles movement and cause tremors and various other symptoms such as
rigidity and difficulty walking and performing daily tasks. Dopamine is not the only
neurotransmitter involved in Parkinson's Disease. Norepinephrine is very relatively close to
dopamine and is also involved in Parkinson's Disease. Individuals with Parkinson's Disease have
loss of nerve ending that produce norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a major neurotransmitter for
sympathetic nervous system, which control many autonomic functions of our body; it causes
increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Loss of norepinephrine can help us explain the non–motor
symptoms associated with Parkinson's Disease such as fatigue, decrease in gastric stability and
disruption in cognition. Parkinson's Disease can be hereditary

Essential Tremor
To my host family,
There were so many things that I was never able to tell you when I was in India–so many things that
I left unsaid but that you all deserve to know. Well, I am just going to jump right into in and tell you
everything.
I assume that Kakoli ma'am told you that the shaking of my hands and head are from a condition
called essential tremors. If she didn't well now you know. But I think you need some back story to
really understand my whole situation. I've had essential tremors for as long as I can remember.
Really the earliest memory I have of someone asking me about it is in grade 2. So it's not new and
Iv'e had to live with it for most of my life. Actually I'm not the only one in my family to have
essential tremor–my brother, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dystonia is basically a movement disorder that causes painful twisting of the neck. I tried
medications but none helped and I tried botox injections but they also did not help. My only other
option at the time would have been brain surgery and I decided not to opt for surgery. Before I came
to India I didn't realize how much it affected me. I lived my life in the USA making small
adjustments and using coping skills that I didn't even know I was using. So once I got to India it was
shocking to see how much it really affected me and others around me. I though I was over it before I
came to India, I really did. But as it turns out having a chronic condition isn't something I can just
get over–it's something I have to continually deal with. I am thankful for seeing this now and will be
going back to the neurologist to hopefully improve my quality of life. There is more though to the
whole situation than just being diagnosed with essential tremor and dystonia. No one in my family
except my mom knows I was diagnosed with dystonia. You see in my family it's shameful to have
these conditions so my mom never told anyone and neither did I. Not even my brother or dad know I
have dystonia. My mom and

Parkinson's Disease Research Paper
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, it recognised as a progressive
disease because it progresses and worsens over time and during the disease there is a loss of neurons
therefore it is identified as neurodegenerative. In Parkinson's disease there is a loss of particular
neurons called dopamine neurons, dopamine neurons are able to produce a signalling chemical,
dopamine. This chemical is important for allowing the body to make normal movements, primarily
dopamine neurons are found in the substantia nigra area of the brain, it is located in the mid brain
above the spinal cord; when these neurons are lost there is a reduction in the amount of dopamine in
the brain.
There are four main, movement symptoms associated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the neurons begin to break down an individual's smell can be affected due to neurons in the
old factory part of the brain not functioning properly. The person may not be able to smell at all or
have trouble distinguishing different smells, problems with the nose and smell are common in
Parkinson's disease and can be one of the first signs. The frontal lobe and the limbic system region
of the brain work together to assist with a person's mood and deal with mood related functions,
consequently when the neurones in this region have trouble with communications and they
breakdown it can cause depression, anxiety and apathy. It is possible as of a combination of these
moods or other symptoms the person can begin to have problems with sleep and as a result can
make other symptoms worse. Other non–movement symptoms can include becoming forgetful and
difficulty multitasking overtime this can worsen and develop into dementia. Parkinson's disease can
have an effect on the autonomic nervous system, the system that controls functions in the body
automatically, such as digesting food, controlling heart rate or keeping the body at the right
temperature. When the neurons in this system stop communicating properly the person with
Parkinson's disease may experience constipation because food is not being digested correctly, light
headedness as a result of the heart rate not adjusting to physical change or persistent sweating due to
the body not regulating temperature properly. Each person diagnosed with Parkinson's disease
experiences different individual symptoms and some symptoms may be greater than

What Is The Pathophysiology For John's Case
John is 63 years old who receives home care by an occupational therapist twice a week for his
resting tremor. John and his therapist are working on maintaining joint flexibility and balance, so
John can continue to write, use the computer, and cook simple meals. John is able to ambulate when
his wife assists by walking slowly beside him, holding his arm. Sometimes, his wife helps him open
his prescription bottles, so he can take his levodopa and carbidopa. The following paragraphs will
explain the pathophysiology behind John's case. Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder
of the basal ganglia, manifested by combination of resting tremor, increased muscle rigidity,
bradykinesia or slowness of movement, gait disturbances, and impaired

Does Hand Tremor Affects Many Parts Of The Body
INTRODUCTION Hand tremor affects millions of people worldwide. Tremor is defined as an
unintended, rhythmic muscle movement. According to Plumb and Bain (2006), tremor is one of the
most spread disease among the population of patients diagnosed with movement illnesses (p. 75).
This is one of the reasons why medical scientists take tremor so seriously. Tremor can affect
different parts of the body, including hands, legs, head, or face. In the worst situations, tremor can
affect voice and swallowing, but most tremor cases occur in the hands. Although many studies
suggest tremors are caused by damage in the complex nerves pathway of the brain, the real cause of
tremors is unknown (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2012). Some tremor
cases are described as familial tremors, wherein the patient gets the gene from a parent and develops
the disease, which runs in the family. An example of this is Essential Tremor (ET), which affects ...
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Department of Health and Human Services, in some patients, tremor happens in conjunction with a
neurological disorder, while in other patients it happens due to use of certain drugs. Nevertheless,
the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2012), notes "The most common form
of tremor, however, occurs in otherwise largely healthy people" (para. 1). Although most tremors
neither cause severe health problems nor threaten life, most patients experience many difficulties in
performing daily activities. It is very embarrassing to many people, especially older individuals.
Tremor may lessen quality of life, and reduce ability to perform daily life tasks such as eating,
drinking, writing, and changing clothing. Some patients with mild tremor do not visit doctors if
tremor does not hinder their daily life activities. Their situations often worsen over time. Tremors
can rarely affect children, and there is no data on the popularity of the disease in childhood (Harvard
Medical School,

Case Study: Chief Complaint
Chief Complaint
Tremor and abnormal MRI.
History
Patient is a 65–year–old right–handed white male who has been having trouble with sleep apnea.
ENT is planning to do some septal surgery and in preparation for this, he had a CT of the sinuses.
This revealed a possible right corona radiata lesion. He has had an MRI to better outline that lesion.
It reveals within the mid right corona radiata there is an 8 x 9 mm dark T1 and T2 weighted nodule
with slightly higher central signal and no enhancement. There is no evidence for vessel extending to
this area. This area also blooms on several sequences and is dark on the gradient weighted
sequences, suspicious for calcification or hemosiderin. Also, there is a posterior left nasopharynx, a
lobulated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is intermittently worse and he does not want to be on a medication on a daily basis. He is
wondering if there is anything he could take during those periods of time when the tremor is worse.
I did discuss the possibility of a low dose Inderal to be taken p.r.n. We both agreed that we should
wait until after his cardiology evaluation for his bradycardia. Also the patient was told that there is a
possibility that he is going in and out of atrial fibrillation. This cardiac evaluation may or may not
have an effect on how we proceed with the right corona radiata lesion. To me this looks like an old
bleed, possibly a bleed into a cavernous hemangioma. If, indeed he is in atrial fibrillation and may
have to go on Coumadin, we do need to better identify the vasculature involved with this lesion.
Therefore, I am going to set him up for CT angiogram to make sure that he does not have any
evidence for aneurysm or other obvious vascular malformations would be at increased risk of
bleeding, if he is put on Coumadin. Another possibility is that if he does have atrial fibrillation, it is
possible that this lesion could have been a small cerebral emboli that

Action Tremor: The Three Types Of Dystonic T
Action Tremor
As indicated, action tremor takes place only when an affected body part is moving to change
position intentionally. Action tremor is subdivided into three types: cerebellar lesion, rubral tremor,
and psychogenic tremor. Cerebellar lesions and rubral tremors are discussed in the paragraphs below
(Grimaldi & Manto, 2013).
Cerebellar lesion. A cerebellar lesion is a tremor related to cerebellar disorders. It happens after a
patient suffers a stroke that causes cerebellum damage. The damage to the cerebellum impairs
muscle coordination and deactivates the brain's control of a body part's movement. It is mainly
composed of low frequency oscillations. This can lead to an inability to coordinate balance while
walking, and trouble stabilizing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dystonic tremor is a type of tremor that can affect any individual under any age. This disease takes
place in conjunction with a neurological disorder called dystonia. When incorrect message from the
brain affects some muscles, it results in abnormal movements of body parts. Its amplitude and
frequency are unknown.
Orthostatic tremor. Orthostatic tremor is described by periodic muscle contractions that take place in
the legs and trunk instantly after standing. Its amplitude and frequency are unknown.
Differences Between Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease
Essential tremor, as described earlier, is not only considered the most widespread of abnormal
neurological diseases, but also the most widespread among all other tremor diseases. Parkinson's
disease is rest tremor that is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, originally described by James
Parkinson in 1817. According to the Mayo Clinic, many people confused ET and PD, though they
differ in many aspects:
Genetic. Many cases of ET occur in family while PD never transfer in family and is caused by the
damage of neurons in the brain.
Associated conditions. ET causes other health problems, but PD is associated with a stooped
posture, slow movement, and a shuffling gait. However, people with ET may sometimes develop
other neurological signs and symptoms, such as an unsteady gait called ataxia (Mansur et al.,

Symptoms Of Parkinson 's Disease
Some people may know what Parkinson's Disease is but not what it is capable of. Many may not
even be aware that Parkinson's Disease exists. Michele Tagliati, Gary N. Guten, and Jo Horne
explain that "Parkinson's Disease is a disease in a group of conditions called movement disorders ––
disorders that result from a loss of the brain's control on voluntary movement" (10). With this being
said, a neurotransmitter in the brain called Dopamine sends signals to regions in the brain that are
the control base of balance, movement, and coordination. Unfortunately, in a patient with
Parkinson's Disease the cells that produce Dopamine die quicker than in a healthy person. The
number of people afflicted with Parkinson's is rising. "It is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The symptoms are the factors for diagnosing Parkinson's. The four major physical impairments in
Moderate Parkinson's Disease are tremors, Bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. To begin,
the first major physical impairment in Moderate Parkinson's Disease is tremors. Sharee A. Wiggins
and RelayHealth explain, "Parkinsonian tremors are slow rhythmic, shaking movements. They are
most obvious and bothersome when your hands are at rest. These kinds of movements are linked to
the brain disorder called Parkinson's Disease (par. 1). Tremors that occur in Parkinson's Disease are
the most common symptom. These occur due to the lack of Dopamine in the brain. This rather
irritating symptom is present in most Parkinson's patients. Normally this symptom occurs early in
the disease. Tremors occur mostly in the hands and fingers, but can also show in the head, tongue,
voice, trunk, and legs. According to Abraham N. Lieberman and Frank L. Williams, "Tremor is the
most obvious symptom in Parkinson's disease, affecting about 75 percent of all patients. Tremor
generally occurs early in the course of the disease, but may never occur in all patients" (173).
Tremors normally will occur on one side of the body, but as the disease progresses it can reach to
more of the body affecting all body parts, such as the lips, jaw, and tongue. The diagnosis of

Open Nephrectomy
Open Nephrectomy: Nephrectomy (nephro = kidney, ectomy = removal) is the surgical removal of a
kidney. The procedure is done to treat kidney cancer as well as other kidney diseases and injuries.
The surgeon makes a cut (incision) in the abdomen or in the side of the abdomen (flank area). A rib
may need to be removed to perform the procedure. The ureter (the tube that carries urine from the
kidney to the bladder) and the blood vessels are cut away from the kidney and the kidney is
removed. The incision is then closed with stitches (National Kidney Foundation, 2015).
Nursing Considerations: Risk of Infection: Instruct to report signs and symptoms to the physician,
including manifestations of infection (fever, general malaise, fatigue), redness, ... Show more
Prophylaxis and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders including: VTE, and PE. Prevention
of thrombus formation. Nursing considerations: Assess for signs of bleeding (bleeding gums,
nosebleed, unusual bleeding) or bruising. Instruct patient in correct technique for self infection, care
and disposal of equipment *JL would most likely be going home on heparin injections so this is
pertinent to him*
Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg PO: Antihypertensive, Diuretics. Increases excretion of sodium and
water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Lowering BP in hypertensive patients
and diuresis with mobilization of edema. Nursing Considerations: Monitor BP, intake, output, and
daily weight and assess legs, feet and sacral area for edema. Monitor electrolyte balances to assess
hypokalemia.
Ramipril 10mg PO: Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor.
Reduction of the risk of MI, stroke and death from cardiovascular disease in patients at risk. ACE
inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors
also increase plasma renin levels and decrease aldosterone levels. Nursing Considerations: Monitor
BP and pulse frequently. Assess patient for signs of angioedema. Monitor BUN, creatinine, and
electrolyte levels

Parkinson's Disease Article Analysis
Parkinson's Disease is a very well–known, incurable, disease of the nervous system. It has many
symptoms that are both motor and non–motor. The main symptom of Parkinson's disease would be
tremors of the body and stiffness. One of the believed non–motor symptoms that this article covers
is weight change. It has been discovered that patients with non–tremor dominant subtypes are more
prone to severe motor symptoms. These types of patients are also shown to succumb to the disease
much quicker than those that have tremors. This article depicts if there is any weight change in the
patients that are not using any medication; considering that some medicines can have this side–
effect. Between May and December of 2012, patients that were not on medication

Clinical Manifestation Of Parkinson's Disease
Clinical Manifestation of Parkinson's Disease
The main clinical manifestation that Mr. Cane has presented with can be identified through
assessing the pathophysiology of PD. When assessing the case study in Appendix A, the clinical
presentation that he is displaying includes bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity.
Bradykinesia is the slowness in movement and is the most distinctive presentation of PD, presenting
in 80 percent patients. Bradykinesia is theorized to be caused by dysfunction in the basal ganglia
and the deficiency of dopamine. The basal ganglia is no longer able to reinforce cortical mechanism
associated with beginning, initiating or completing movements. This is due to the fact that the basal
ganglia is involved with such functions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cane is also experiencing such symptoms as dysarthria, diminished blinking and hypomimia. These
clinical manifestations are caused by the bradykinesia he is experiencing. In dysarthria, the
dysfunction of the basal ganglia from decreased dopaminergic neurons. This dysfunction causes for
disruptions to occur with the muscular control in relation to speech. Dysphagia occurs with PD as
well, although Mr. Cane was not noted to have this symptom, it is possible that his dehydration and
poor nutritional intake occurred because of difficulties with swallowing. A patient can often be
unaware that they are having difficulties in their swallowing, therefore this is an important area to
assess for patients (Tjaden, 2008). Hypomimia occurs due to the effects of bradykinesia. The
impairments caused in the motor cortex of the brain cause for this reduced ability for facial

The Symptoms Of Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson's Disease is a movement disorder that gets worse and worse over time. Parkinson's is
mainly found in older people. It is where significant neurons of the brain begin to malfunction and
die. Parkinson's typically affects the neurons in the substantia nigra part of the brain. Some of these
important neurons produce a chemical called dopamine that sends signals to the primary motor
cortex portion of the brain to control movement. The amount of this chemical decreases as PD
advances, causing the individual to lose control over their movement and coordination. There are a
few different kinds of symptoms to PD, motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms. Motor
symptoms even get more detailed into primary and secondary motor symptoms.

Argumentative Essay On Deep Brain Stimulators
There are many illnesses, pertaining to both medical and psychological, that affect the health and
wellbeing of countless other people. Some examples of these types of diseases would be Parkinson's
disease and obsessive–compulsive disorder. While the effects of the disease can be suppressed by
pharmaceutical means, there comes a point when medicine is simply not enough. This in turn led to
the usage of deep brain stimulators to help ameliorate problems that medicine could not. Although
implementing deep brain stimulators is a new procedure that has been in practice since over twenty
years ago, many experts agree that using them is not a panacea because there can be many problems
from them. Since deep brain stimulators are recently new in the medical field, there are positive and
negative effects still being discovered. To begin with, according to an article written by Lyons, MD,
"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has developed during the past 20 years as a remarkable treatment
option for several ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two specific sites inside the brain have been most commonly targeted for deep–brain
stimulation in Parkinson's disease are the subthalamic nucleus and the internal segment of the
globus pallidus (Okun 2012). Both are nuclei in the basal ganglia, where a majority of degenerative
change in Parkinson's disease occurs (Okun 2012). There are many adverse effects from having deep
brain stimulators implanted; the two that stand out are infection and intracranial hemorrhage. These
are a major problem as they can be the reason why deep brain stimulators are removed. While deep
brain stimulators can be very helpful, the safeness and outcome are not set in stone and one should
be careful considering it for

Cause And Symptoms Of Parkinson's Disease
1. Introduction / Description of the Disease Parkinson's disease is a disease of the central nervous
system that affects movement, causing widespread tremors along with other symptoms. It is a result
of the loss of dopamine–releasing cells in the midbrain, specifically the substantia nigra pars
compacta. There are many theories as to how Parkinson's disease develops, including the possibility
of genetic mutations, certain toxins in the environment, and oxidative stress. The vast majority of
Parkinson's patients are males older than fifty; however, there are cases of Parkinson's disease in
children as young as thirteen. Symptoms of Parkinson's disease include isolated or widespread
tremors, stiffness, and slowing of movement. There ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is caused by the loss of dopamine receptors in the midbrain. There have been some links to
genetic mutation and toxic environments, but the evidence overall is inconclusive. Majority of
people with Parkinson's are males over the age of sixty, but there are also cases of juvenile
Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease can cause widespread tremors, stiffness in the neck and
limbs, trouble walking, and slowing of movement. There is no standard test to diagnose Parkinson's,
but physicians can run a series of tests based on the information the patient has given them. It can be
treated through medication and surgery. Parkinson's disease is not fatal, but patients will be on
medication for the rest of their lives. There are currently no ways to prevent Parkinson's disease.
There are also no cures, but there is extensive research going into stem cells and fetal cell

Jitteriness: Tremors In Newborn Obstacles
I have gone through your question and understand your concern. From the given details, I consider
the baby was born with no complications at birth and is doing good. Let me give you a slight insight
to what this shaking could be, the term Jitteriness refers to tremors in newborns. It is the
representation of an exaggerated startle response. It is often confused for seizures (also known as
convulsion and fits), which naturally unnerves the parents. It is the most common involuntary
movement seen in infants, which disappears completely as they mature. The neuro–development of
the babies with No other overt neurological sign but tremulousness is generally good, especially
when their is no history of complications during pregnancy, or immediately

A Reflection On Care For Parkinson 's Disease
A REFLECTION ON CARE FOR PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) and related disorders (PRD) are conditions that influence
elderly individuals with most extreme pervasiveness and occurrence rates inside of the age group of
75–85 years. Presence of several other co morbidities associated can eventually affect on the
independence and also the life quality (Margarita et al, 2010). Parkinsonism is also a very common
disease condition in the elderly population, especially the elderly with associated dementia
(Friedman et al, 2004). Parkinsonism is neurologic progressive disorder which is induced by
dopamine generating neurons loss in the substantia nigra of the brain (Schapira et al, 2010). The
reduced level of dopamine produces a wide range of motor symptoms like the resting tremor, slow
movement of the limbs, muscle rigidity and mask like expressions on the face also known as
hypomimia (Cotton and Hesters, 2012). Parkinsonism is a chronic and progressive
neurodegenerative condition (Nolden, , Tartavoulle & Porche, 2014). In addition to these
characteristic motor symptoms it will also be accompanied by cognitive problems, sleep disorders,
gastrointestinal problems and also mood disorders (Lindahl and MacMahon, 2012). A qualified
Nurse can help such a resident/ patient to manage their illness by making certain changes in the
prescription whenever necessary, by monitoring their condition and also by bringing issues to light
about Parkinsonism and its care.

Parkinson's Tremors
What is Parkinson's?
Like such a variety of maladies, Parkinson's remaining parts a conundrum, regardless of our
proceeded with restorative advances. It is dynamic, which implies it deteriorates after some time.
There is no cure. We additionally don't have the foggiest idea about its cause. There are, be that as it
may, some treatment alternatives, including prescription and even surgery. The huge takeaways for
what Parkinson's is are:
It is neurological.According to the study of best neurologist in NYC; Parkinson's outcomes from a
chemical imbalance inside the basal ganglia, a structure inside the brainstem. Neurons in that locale
that are in charge of making the substance dopamine, which sends signs to start development, are
murdered. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It by and large is most conspicuous when the hand is resting and loose. After some time it frequently
goes to the inverse hand or to the leg on a similar side of the body. Head tremors are not
exceptionally regular in Parkinson's but rather a chin tremor can be seen reasonably much of the
time. Parkinson's tremors are by and large regarded with an indistinguishable prescriptions from
different manifestations of the infection. A medicine called trihexyphenidyl or Artane is utilized
solely to treat tremor. It is the best prescription for tremor, yet must be utilized with alert as it can
bring about issues with disarray and make pee troublesome.
Notwithstanding tremors, we likewise observe dyskinesias in people with Parkinson's malady.
Dyskinesias, otherwise called chorea, are even more a streaming, move like development that is not
cadenced. The term chorea really originates from the Greek work choreia, which means Dance.
These happen for the most part somewhat later in the illness course and are because of a blend of the
malady itself and the solutions (fundamentally levodopa) used to treat the

Gc Development Case Study Examples
G.C. Development. G.C. is a five–year–old girl who is outgoing and loves to talk. She is in
Erikson's third stage of development Initiative versus Guilt (Ward & Hisley, 2016). G.C. is
expressive and likes to dress up like a princess. G.C. is often upset by siblings not wanting to play
with her or follow her ideas, but she displays knowing right from wrong. Although young, G.C. is
eager to pick up her younger sister, O.C. and play with her. This often causes O.C. to become upset
because G.C. has a difficult time being gentle with her even though her intentions are right. When in
her element, G.C. loves to smiles, hug, and spend time with people.
When asking her a question or telling her to explain something, she will happily explain ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Complementary describes the couple's relationship when they maximize the potential of one another
by serving through designated roles. J.C. seeks to lead his family and has the final say in the large
decisions. He and A.C. have mutual respect and value in their relationship.
J.C. says he and A.C. have an atypical marriage as they do not see one another often but have
learned to make their schedule work well. J.C. and A.C. may see one another early in the morning or
for an hour late at night and some weekend days but not a lot more. I inquired if their demanding
schedule worked in caring for their relationship. J.C. replied, "Yes. We try to remember this is a life
stage, when I was in residency we had time to walk to the movies or go out to eat. Now it is a lot
different with children, but we are ok with it."
The children help their mother with chores three times a day after rolling dice in the morning to
determine who serves in which area for the remainder of the day. Chores include laundry, dishes,
sweeping the floor, picking up toys, wiping off the counters, and taking out the garbage. They have
taken turns rotating chores for two months. A.C. said, "Their doing chores has lifted such a burden
off of

Personal Narrative: Hemolytic Anemia
Narrative My son Jimmy is now 10 months old. Just recently I've found out that he has G6PD
deficiency. When my wife found out she was a bit frightened, but after we talked it over with the
doctor she found out it wasn't that bad. Only in severe cases it can lead to kidney failure or even
death. It can also cause anemia. Hemolytic anemia is something you would want to avoid. The
experience with the doctor was quite nice. First he introduced himself and said he was Dr. McGrath.
He tested my son for G6PD deficiency and the results came back positive. I actually wasn't
surprised because I have it. The doctor went on and told me about what foods he should eat and
what foods he needs to avoid. He also told us the symptoms for hemolytic anemia. He

Neurological Disorder : Parkinson 's Disease
Neurological Disorder: Parkinson's Disease One of the most commonly seen neurological disorders
is Parkinson's disease (PD). Named after the doctor who first identified the disease as "the shaking
palsy" Dr James Parkinson (1755–1824), Parkinson's disease affects over 1 million Americans
today. On average around 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease annually. This
is an alarming number of new cases but what is even more startling is the fact that thousands of
cases go undetected each year as well. PD is a clinical diagnosis with no definitive diagnostic test to
identify the disease. The question may arise, what exactly is Parkinson's disease? Parkinson's
disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder, which means that it gets worse over
time. PD is more common with increasing age affecting 1% of the population above 55, with 4–10%
of cases having early onset before the age of 40 (XXXX). The average age of onset ranges between
58–62 years old and is more common in men than women. The disease itself is defined by the
presence of lewy bodies in neurons and a loss of dopamine. Degenerative changes to the basal
ganglia affect the nerve cells in the substantia niagra that produce dopamine. This results in a
decrease in the production of dopamine that is getting to the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter
involved with regulating movement making early signs of PD primarily motor impairments and
progression of this disease can range from

Deep Brain Case Study
1. Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor and Parkinson's Disease. Effective on or after April
1, 2003, Medicare covers unilateral or bilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus (VIM)
*chronic electrical stimulation* Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of essential tremor
(ET) and/or Parkinsonian tremor and unilateral or bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) only under
certain conditions. DBS devices will be considered only if they are FDA approved for (DBS). Must
have a disabling extremity tremor of at least a level 3 or 4 on the Tremor Rating Scale (TRS) The
scale is rated 0–4. The ability and willingness to cooperate during conscious operative procedure,
post–surgical evaluations, adjustments of medications and stimulator settings. I believe this should
absolutely be covered as Parkinson's Disease is highly disabling from the tremors. If deep brain
stimulation works, then people should have this option.
2. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Induced Lesions of Nerve Tracts. This is a longstanding national coverage determination (NCD)
Surgery to remove lesions on nerve tracts that involve destruction of nerve tissue are mainly
determined for controlling the chronic or acute pain originating from conditions like terminal cancer
or lumbar degenerative arthritis. Payment may be considered for denervation procedures to manage
chronic low back pain (LBP)
3. Noncontact Normothermic Wound Therapy (NNWT) is a device proclaimed to promote wound
healing by warming a wound to a predetermined temperature. This device consists of a noncontact
wound cover where a flexible, battery powered, infrared heating card is inserted. Although
insufficient or clinical evidence to consider this device as reasonable and necessary for the treatment
of wounds within the meaning of §1862(a)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act and will not be covered
by

Essential Tremor Case Study
Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are two of the most common movement
disorders. However, misdiagnosis often exists between the two disorders because both often present
with action tremor and slow movement. Currently, few tests exist to aid physicians in distinguishing
these two disorders when diagnosing a patient. Though similar, discernable differences exist
between the two. For instance, while up to 20% of patients with ET develop PD at some point, PD
rarely has a family history (less than 10% of cases); whereas ET generally does have a family
history (more than 50% of cases show a family history of "familial tremor").2
Parkinsonian Syndromes
PD is characterized as a progressive neurological disorder affecting the nervous ... Show more
However, in the heredodegenerative form of the disorder, the dystonia is more complex and often
the result of a different neurodegenerative disorder that stems from genetic mutations. Examples of
non–related neurodegenerative disorders that can cause heredodegenerative parkinsonism are
Wilson's disease, Huntington's, and X–linked dystonia.8 Hence, the here– prefix signifying the role
of a person's hereditary, this form of parkinsonism may be paternally inherited.8 Though the role of
a person's genetics may (generally) contribute to the cause of heredodegenerative parkinsonism
there usually is not a defined cause for this form of parkinsonism. This is usually very difficult to
diagnose in its early stages.8 After onset, life expectancy is usually only a few

Parkinson's And Essential Tremor: A Case Study
Liftware: Google's Smart Utensil Brings Hope for Those with Parkinson's and Essential Tremors
[VIDEO] iving with degenerative diseases is very disheartening and may get more challenging as
time passes. One of the major challenges often associated with diseases like Parkinson's or Essential
Tremor is not having the ability to control trembling hands which makes everything difficult. People
with tremors in many cases are uncomfortable and often embarrassed giving them reasons to isolate
themselves from occasions or get–togethers especially when eating is involved.
In a report published in Fast Company, in order to bring back confidence in the affected individuals
of the said incurable disease, a company called Lift Labs thought of a solution to this. Liftware,
which can be used as spoon ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The objective of Life Sciences is to "develop new technologies to make health care more proactive"
as per Google cofounder Sergey Brin. The company supervised by CEO Andy Conrad operates on
innovations such as smart contact lenses designed to monitor the amount of blood sugar in the body
and nanoparticles which can be used detect cancer.
In August, at the announcement of the group, Brin aspired to "move new technologies from early
stage R&D to clinical testing–and, hopefully–transform the way we detect, prevent, and manage
disease."
Liftware is among the first gadgets developed by the group and since it had been already available
for purchase before Google's possession, the company is starting to become associated with a
number of new organizations to be certain that the gadget makes it way to those who need it.
Liftware is much more affordable after the company drop the price from $295 to $195.
"The goal is to get this out to as many people who need one, and really facilitate the gift–giving
process," says Lift Labs founder and CEO Anupam

Types And Symptoms Of Parkinson's Disease
Many people wonder how Parkinson's disease can affect people's lives. First, Parkinson's disease
(PD) is a neurological disorder which is made up of three types of PD that are not so different.
(Medifocus Guide Book on Parkinson's) These types of PD have many symptoms and can be hard to
control in everyday life. This is challenge that physically makes life harder. People with PD do
anything they can to help with their disorder.
To start, there isn't just one type of Parkinson's disease, but actually three. The first type of PD is
Adult–Onset Parkinson's. People with this type are usually ages sixty and older. Parkinson can get
worse as a person gets to the seventies and eighties. (Medifocus) This is the most common type of
Parkinson's. It can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People classified under this type are ages twenty and below. There are not many people who can
help those with Juvenile PD because there are very few people with this case. (Juvenile Parkinson's)
Some people try deep brain stimulation (DBS) to help with this type of disease. If doing DBS
works, you can help one of the main symptoms, tremors, and make it almost unnoticeable. With all
types of Parkinson's, there are other symptoms that come with this disease too.
There are many symptoms when it comes to having Parkinson's disease. The first of the types are
motor symptoms. The most common, but major symptom of PD is dyskinesias or tremors. Tremors
is when you have little, uncontrollable movement in you body, such as in your arms, in your legs,
and even in your face. Also medicines such as MAO–B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, and others can
cause dyskinesias to get worse and put you in a not so good position. (Lazarus Motor)
Another motor symptom that comes with PD is speech. Ninety percent of people with Parkinson's
disease notice change in their speech. (Roberts) Also people with the speech symptom have quieter
voices. Sometimes this symptom can make someone's speech so bad, that they would have to get a
device that helps speak. (Roberts) Some devices are voice amplifiers and devices that actually speak
for

San Francisco Earthquake And The 1964 Alaska Earthquake
Over more than 50 decades there has been multiple earthquakes that have been caused by the
activity that takes place beneath and above the surface of the earth. For every earthquake there are
various effects and consequences, these are generally not preventable but teachable moments. As we
study and explore landforms we learn and better understand how today 's structures came about,
what took place decades ago and where do we go from here. Thanks to the technology and inquiring
minds we are able to study past events like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the 1964 Alaska
earthquake. In comparing these two events we can get an overview of what happened and better
prepare ourselves for something like that in the future.
The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake tectonic setting was in the outermost shell of earth known as
the crust this is composed of rigid plates that have been moving for hundreds of millions of years.
Two of these moving plates meet in western California; the boundary between them is a zone of
faults, the principal one being the San Andreas fault. The horizontal sliding of the Pacific Plate
relative to the North American Plate, causes earthquakes along the San Andreas fault and similar
plates near the region. The San Andreas fault is a transform plate boundary, accommodating
horizontal relative motions (usgs.gov).
The ground movement created by the tremor source is recorded by instruments called seismographs.
The follow made by a seismograph, called a

Parkinson's Disease Paper
PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2 Parkinson's disease is classified as a progressive subcortical
neurodegenerative disease (Atchison & Dirette, 2012). "It is considered the second most common
neurodegenerative disease" (Atchison & Dirette, 2012, p. 213). The disease is a complex
hypokinetic type with varying symptoms and unknown etiology. The purpose of the paper is to
demonstrate a summary of the condition such as the characteristics, incidence and prognosis. The
paper will demonstrate the cause and the disease process associated with the condition along with a
review of the literature regarding the effectiveness of current treatments.

Michael J. Fox: Brave, Strong, And Inspirational?
Brave, Strong, and Inspirational, are words that describe Michael J. Fox because he is a person who
dealt with Parkinson's which is a progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor,
muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affecting middle–aged and elderly people.
And he was brave,strong, and inspirational and to all people who were diagnosed with Parkinson's
he was their inspiration to come out of hiding.
Although he was born in Canada, he started out small like every other actor. Fox's teacher told him
about a show on Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC) Fox would play the part of a bright ten
year old boy. In 1995 he graduated and got his High school diploma and started his part as bright ten
year old in Leo and Me. Leo and Me aired for two years afterwards he did some radio and stage
work like Shadow box. Fox's family was supportive, but they did not believe in him, but his
grandmother did believe in him. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fox played a part as a grandson of actors Art Carney and Maureen Stapleton in a move called
Letters from Frank. This encouraged him to move to Hollywood to try more acting jobs and he left
everything to start a new life in acting in Hollywood. After competing with hundreds of actors he
got a part in Family Ties. After a while in 1986 he won an Emmy for his part on family ties. At the
end of the season of Family Ties he starred in a movie called Back to The Future this was all before
Parkinson's and Michael and he was becoming a star.
" However", Fox went back to Spin City the new season and while filming noticed something was
wrong with his hands they were shaking so he went to the doctor. Doctors tested him and they found
out he had Parkinson's disease. It was "an" abnormal "diagnosis" because he was only in his 30s
"and most people are older that have Parkinson's disease." Fox would have to take medicine to help
stop

Parkinson 's Disease And The Disease
Parkinson's disease is a chronic disorder of the nervous system with a gradual onset that primarily
affects the body's motor system. The symptoms of the disease are mainly caused by the death of
dopamine–producing cells in the midbrain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that, among
other things, is responsible for playing a role in how the brain controls bodily movements.
Therefore, the cardinal symptoms of the disease are movement related, including tremor and rigid,
jerky movements. Parkinson's is a progressive disease, meaning it gets worse over time, until it
eventually leads to complete disability. Parkinson's is a fairly common disease, and several well–
known people, such as actor Michael J. Fox and boxer Muhammad Ali have ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Parkinson's disease produces both motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms. There are four
cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movements), and
postural instability. Tremor is the most obvious symptom of Parkinson's, as well as the most
common. The tremor is uncontrollable and is most noticeable when the limb is at rest; when the
limb is in use, the tremor disappears. Often times, the tremor only affects the hand or foot on one
side of the body, but it can eventually become bilateral. Rigidity is characterized as stiffness and
resistance to movement in the limbs. The arms, legs, face, and back are areas commonly affected.
Early on, rigidity can cause joint pain, often in the shoulder. Bradykinesia is one of the most
common symptoms of Parkinson's. It is described as slowness and difficulty in initiating and making
movements, especially repetitive movements and fine motor skills, such as writing. Bradykinesia
greatly affects the ability of the Parkinson's sufferer to perform common activities of daily life, like
getting dressed. According to Nolden (2015), postural instability is the imbalance and loss of
righting reflexes. This is usually a symptom that shows up in the late stages of Parkinson's. Postural
instability is linked with high rates of hip fractures in people with Parkinson's disease, due to
increased falls. Aside from the four cardinal motor symptoms, there are secondary motor symptoms
that go

Parkinson Disease Research Paper

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