Project Management Project Planning

1. INTRODUCTION TO:
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PROJECT EXECUTION
MODULE 2: Day 2 / S2
by: DREAMSOFT (M)SDN BHD
http://www.thedreamsoft.com
admin@thedreamsoft.com

2. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• A detailed, hierarchical (from
general to specific) tree structure
of deliverables and tasks that
need to be performed to
complete a project.

3. purpose or WBS
• to identify actual tasks to be done
in a project. Serves as basis for
project planning.
• An extension to PERT.

4. Standard Work Breakdown Structure
Standard Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Mission Investment Solution Implementation In-Service Disposition
Analysis Analysis Development Management
Activity A Activity B Activity C Activity D Activity E Activity F
Pre-Project Activities Project Specific Activities
LEGEND
Decomposes to lower level WBS elements

5. Project Management
Day 1 / S2

6. Overview on Planning
Who Will By When Must
Do It? It Be Done?
How Much Will
How Should It Cost?
It Be Done
What Must
Be Done How Good Does
It Has To Be?

7. Project Planning
Definition
• A Project Plan sets out the phases,
activities and tasks needed to deliver
a project.
• The timeframes required to deliver the
project, along with the resources and
milestones are also shown in the
Project Plan.

8. Main Output From Project Planning
PROJECT
PLANNING
Project PERT Diagram Gantt Chart
Predecessor
Table

9. History
• PERT is a network model that allows for
randomness in activity completion
times.
• PERT was developed in the late 1950's
for the U.S. Navy's Polaris project
having thousands of contractors.
– It has the potential to reduce both the
time and cost required to complete a
project.

10. Methods
Main methods used in project planning:
3. Project Schedule
4. PERT
5. Gantt Chart

11. 1. Project Schedule
Definition
• An organized method of presenting in-
formation on when activities need to be
started, how long activities are planned
to take, and when activities are planned
to be completed.
• A schedule should also reflect the logical
relationships between activities.

12. 2. PERT (Project Evaluation Review
Technique)
Definition
• A diagram that shows tasks and their
relationships. Limited because it shows
only task relationships. Strength: easy
to read task relationships.
– Also known as Network Diagram

13. Tasks
Duration of Tasks Durations
PERT (months)
Precedors of Tasks

14. 3. Gantt Chart
Definition
• A bar chart. While visually appealing
on a task/duration basis, it is limited
because it does not show task or
resource relationships well.
– Strength: easy to maintain and read.

15. An Example of a Gantt Chart
Task Name Predecessor Task ID Estimated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Time
Mark Utilities B A 3
Dig Holes C B 2
Buy Trees D C 1
Buy Flowers E D 1
Plant Trees F E 2
Plant Flowers G,H F 1
Buy Cover - G 1
Install Cover - H 1
12

16. Steps in the PERT Planning Process
PERT planning involves the following steps:
• Identify the specific activities and milestones
• Determine the proper sequence of the activities
• Construct a network diagram
• Estimate the time required for each activity
---------------------------
• Determine the Critical Path
• Update the PERT Chart as the project progresses

17. 1. Identify Activities and Milestones
• The activities are the tasks required to
complete the project.
• The milestones are the events marking
the beginning and end of one or more
activities.
– It is helpful to list the tasks in a table that in
later steps can be expanded to include
information on sequence and duration.

18. 2. Determine Activity Sequence
• This step may be combined with the
activity identification step since the
activity sequence is evident for some
tasks.
– Other tasks may require more analysis to
determine the exact order in which they
must be performed.

19. 3. Construct the Network Diagram
• Using the activity sequence
information, a network diagram can
be drawn showing the sequence of
the serial and parallel activities.
– For the original activity-on-arc model, the
activities are depicted by arrowed lines
and milestones are depicted by circles or
"bubbles".

20. 4. Estimate Activity Times (ET)
For each activity, the model usually includes three
time estimates:
• Optimistic time - generally the shortest time in which
the activity can be completed.
• Most likely time - the completion time having the
highest probability. Note that this time is different
from the expected time.
• Pessimistic time - the longest time that an activity
might require. Three standard deviations from the
mean is commonly used for the pessimistic time.

21. Expected Time
Expected time =
( Optimistic + 4 x Most likely + Pessimistic ) / 6

22. Standard Work Breakdown Structure
Standard Work Breakdown
Structure (WBS)
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
ET:3 days ET:2 days ET: 1 day ET: 1 day ET2 days ET:1 day ET:1 day ET:1 day
A B C D E F G H
Mark Utilities Dig Holes Buy Trees Buy Flowers Plant Trees Plant Flowers Buy Edging Install Edging
Project Specific Activities
LEGEND
Decomposes to lower level WBS elements

23. An Example of a Logical Sequence
Predecessor Table
Task Name / Estimated Time Activity Predecessor
Description
Mark Utilities B,C,D
Dig Holes E
Buy Trees G,E
Buy Flowers F
Plant Trees F
Plant Flowers E,D
Buy Edging C
Install Edging F,G
TOTALS
Card Activities****

24. From PERT to GANTT Chart

25. An Example of a Gantt Chart
Task Name / Predecessor Activity Estimated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Description Time (ET)
Mark Utilities B A 3
Dig Holes C B 2
Buy Trees D C 1
Buy Flowers E D 1
Plant Trees F E 2
Plant Flowers G,H F 1
Buy Cover - G 1
Install Cover - H 1
12

26. Exercise:
‘PROJECT LANDSCAPE DARUL AMAN’
Refer to Template:
• Predecessor Table
• PERT
• GANTT Chart

27. lesson learned
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