Mathematics is the study of relationships among quantities, magnitudes, and properties, as well as logical operations to deduce unknowns. Historically, it was regarded as the science of quantity in fields like geometry, arithmetic, and algebra. The history of mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself and has evolved from simple counting and measurement to the complex discipline we know today. Ancient civilizations developed practical mathematics for tasks like trade, construction, and tracking seasons, which required numeration systems, arithmetic techniques, and measurement strategies.

1. PRESENTATION by Pavan sai

2. What is
mathematics???
Mathematics is defined as "the study of
relationships among quantities, magnitudes and
properties, and also of the logical operations by
which unknown quantities, magnitudes, and
properties may be deduced" or "the study of
quantity, structure, space and change"
Historically, it was regarded as the science of
quantity, whether of magnitudes (as in geometry)
or of numbers (as in arithmetic) or of the
generalization of these two fields (as in algebra).
Some have seen it in terms as simple as a search
for patterns.

3. The story of mathematics
The history of mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself. Since
antiquity, mathematics has been fundamental to advances in science,
engineering, and philosophy.
It has evolved from simple counting, measurement and calculation,
and the systematic study of the shapes and motions of physical
objects, through the application of abstraction, imagination and logic,
to the broad, complex and often abstract discipline we know today.

4. Prehistoric
mathematic
s
• The origins of mathematical thought lie in the concepts of
number, magnitude, and form. Modern studies of animal
cognition have shown that these concepts are not unique to
humans. Such concepts would have been part of everyday life in
hunter gatherer societies. The idea of the "number" concept
evolving gradually over time is supported by the existence of
languages which preserve the distinction between "one", "two",
and "many", but not of numbers larger than two.

5. Ancient period
NUMBER SYSTEM AND ARITHMETIC
 Development of numeration systems.
Creation of arithmetic techniques, lookup tables, the abacus and
other calculation tools.
Practical Measurement, Geometry and Astronomy
Measurement units devised to quantify distance, area, volume,
and time.
Geometric reasoning used to measure distances indirectly.
Calendars invented to predict seasons, astronomical events.
Geometrical forms and patterns appear in art and architecture.

6. PRACTICAL
MATHEMATICS
• As ancient civilizations developed, the need for
practical mathematics increased. They required
numeration systems and arithmetic techniques for
trade, measurement strategies for construction,
and astronomical calculations to track the seasons
and cosmic cycles.

7. BABYLONIAN
NUMERALS
• This mathematical tablet was
recovered from an unknown place in
the Iraqi desert. It was written
originally sometime around 1800
BC. The tablet presents a list of
Pythagorean triples written in
Babylonian numerals. This
numeration system uses only two

8. CALUCULATING DEVICES

9. MATHEMATICS AND GREEK
PHILOSOPHY
Greek philosophers viewed the universe in mathematical terms. Plato
described five elements that form the world and related them to the
five regular polyhedra.

10. EVALUATION OF HINDU
ARABIC NUMERICALS

11. 16TH
CENTUR
Y
MATHE
MATICS
which saw a resurgence of learning
based on classical sources, began
in Italy around the 14th Century, and
gradually spread across most of
Europe over the next two centuries.
Science and art were still very much
interconnected and intermingled at
this time, as exemplified by the work
of artist/scientists such as Leonardo
da Vinci, and it is no surprise that,
just as in art, revolutionary work in
the fields of philosophy and science
was soon taking place
• With Hindu-Arabic numerals,
standardized notation and the new
language of algebra at their
disposal, the stage was set for the
European mathematical revolution

12. 17TH
CENTURY
MATHEMA
TICS
In the wake of the Renaissance, the 17th Century
saw an unprecedented explosion of mathematical and
scientific ideas across Europe, a period sometimes
called the Age of Reason. Hard on the heels of the
"Copernican Revolution" of Nicolas Copernicus in the
16th Century, scientists like Galileo Galilee, Tycho
Brahe and Johannes Kepler were making equally
revolutionary discoveries in the exploration of the
Solar system, leading to Kepler's formulation of
mathematical laws of planetary motion.

13. CENTURY
MATHEMA
TICS
• Most of the late 17th
Century and a good
part of the early 18th
were taken up by the
work of disciples of
Newton and Leibniz,
who applied their ideas
on calculus to solving a

14. 19TH
CENTURY
MATHEMA
TICS
• The 19th Century saw an unprecedented increase in the
breadth and complexity of mathematical concepts. Both
France and Germany were caught up in the age of revolution
which swept Europe in the late 18th Century, but the two
countries treated mathematics quite differently.

15. CENTU
RY
MATHE
MATICS

16. 20TH CENTURY
MATHEMATICS-HARDY AND
RAMANUJAN
• The eccentric British mathematician G.H. Hardy is known for his
achievements in number theory and mathematical analysis. But he is
perhaps even better known for his adoption and mentoring of the self-taught
Indian mathematical genius, Srinivasa Ramanujan.
• Meanwhile, in 1913, Srinivasa Ramanujan, a 23-year old shipping clerk from
Madras, India, wrote to Hardy (and other academics at Cambridge),
claiming, among other things, to have devised a formula that calculated the
number of primes up to a hundred million with generally no error. The self-
taught and obsessive Ramanujan had managed to prove all of Riemann's
results and more with almost no knowledge of developments in the Western
world and no formal tuition. He claimed that most of his ideas came to him
in dreams.

17. Hardy was
only one to
recognize
Ramanujan's
genius, and
brought him
to Cambridge
University,
and was his
friend and
mentor for
many years.

18. INDIAN
MATHEMATICS
• The Indians were also responsible for another hugely important
development in mathematics. The earliest recorded usage of a circle
character for the number zero is usually attributed to a 9th Century
engraving in a temple in Gwalior in central India. But the brilliant
conceptual leap to include zero as a number in its own right (rather than
merely as a placeholder, a blank or empty space within a number, as it
had been treated until that time) is usually credited to the 7th Century
Indian mathematicians Brahmagupta - or possibly another Indian,
Bhaskara I even though it may well have been in practical use for
centuries before that. The use of zero as a number which could be used
in calculations and mathematical investigations, would revolutionize
mathematics.

19. BY
PAVAN
SAI
DS