Branches of chemistry, careers in chemistry, in the chemistry laboratory, laboratory rules, why chemistry apparatus are made of glass, the bunsen burner, differences between a luminous and non-luminous flame, apparatus for measuring volume, temperature, mass, time, etc
Branches of chemistry, careers in chemistry, in the chemistry laboratory, laboratory rules, why chemistry apparatus are made of glass, the bunsen burner, differences between a luminous and non-luminous flame, apparatus for measuring volume, temperature, mass, time, etc
Atomic Structure and the Periodic TablePaul Schumann
Sharon Williams, Water Valley High School
Presented at CAST 2008, ACT2 Strand, 11/6/09
Objectives
Identify important developments in the history of atomic theory.
Summarize Dalton’s atomic theory.
Describe the size of an atom.
Distinguish among protons, electrons, and neutrons in terms of relative mass and change.
Describe the structure of an atom, including the location of the protons, electrons, and neutrons with respect to the nucleus.
Explain how the atomic number identifies an element.
Use the atomic number and mass number of an element to find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Explain how isotopes differ and why the atomic masses of elements are not whole numbers.
Calculate the average atomic mass of an element from isotope data.
Chemistry in our daily life and its importanceAMIR HASSAN
Chemistry in our daily life and its importance
A Short Introduction to Chemistry and its branches.
There are five main branches of Chemistry:
1)Organic Chemistry
2)Inorganic Chemistry
3)Analytical Chemistry
4)Physical Chemistry
5)Biochemistry
Presented By: Amir Hassan Chemistry Department, Government Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan.
Stoichiometry deals with the numerical relationships of elements and compounds and the mathematical proportions of reactants and products in chemical transformations
Organic compounds are almost 60% of all compounds. because of carbons tendency to form a compound as it has more than1 electron(4electrons) to form covallent compounds. SO a wide range of everything we eat is formed from carbon and hydrogen, which is the second important element to form organic compounds.
A Power Point Presentation on Introductory Chemistry. To motivate new students of Chemistry. To help students appreciate the importance of Chemicals in everyday life. Done by Bro. Oh Teik Bin, Lower Perak Buddhist Association, Teluk Intan, Malaysia.
Chemistry is a foundational scientific field that delves into the study of matter and its interactions. It investigates the building blocks of substances, such as atoms and molecules, and how they transform and behave. With its broad reach, chemistry informs various scientific disciplines and everyday life. From comprehending the intricate workings within our bodies to developing new materials and understanding environmental processes, chemistry provides valuable insights. By exploring electron dynamics, bonding principles, and chemical reactions, chemists uncover the mysteries of the microscopic realm, leading to technological advancements and sustainable solutions. Through experimentation and innovation, chemistry drives progress and contributes to a better future for society.
Chemistry is the captivating study of matter, encompassing its properties, composition, structure, behavior, and the transformative nature of chemical reactions. Positioned as the central science, it establishes connections with diverse scientific disciplines. Chemistry's applications extend into crucial domains like medicine, materials science, energy, and environmental studies. From unraveling the intricacies of molecular structures to forging breakthrough drugs and revolutionary materials, chemistry drives scientific discoveries and technological advancements. By comprehending and manipulating the fundamental components of our world, chemistry empowers us to tackle complex challenges and gain deeper insights into nature, fostering a better understanding of our existence and enabling sustainable progress.
Atomic Structure and the Periodic TablePaul Schumann
Sharon Williams, Water Valley High School
Presented at CAST 2008, ACT2 Strand, 11/6/09
Objectives
Identify important developments in the history of atomic theory.
Summarize Dalton’s atomic theory.
Describe the size of an atom.
Distinguish among protons, electrons, and neutrons in terms of relative mass and change.
Describe the structure of an atom, including the location of the protons, electrons, and neutrons with respect to the nucleus.
Explain how the atomic number identifies an element.
Use the atomic number and mass number of an element to find the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Explain how isotopes differ and why the atomic masses of elements are not whole numbers.
Calculate the average atomic mass of an element from isotope data.
Chemistry in our daily life and its importanceAMIR HASSAN
Chemistry in our daily life and its importance
A Short Introduction to Chemistry and its branches.
There are five main branches of Chemistry:
1)Organic Chemistry
2)Inorganic Chemistry
3)Analytical Chemistry
4)Physical Chemistry
5)Biochemistry
Presented By: Amir Hassan Chemistry Department, Government Post Graduate College Mardan KP Pakistan.
Stoichiometry deals with the numerical relationships of elements and compounds and the mathematical proportions of reactants and products in chemical transformations
Organic compounds are almost 60% of all compounds. because of carbons tendency to form a compound as it has more than1 electron(4electrons) to form covallent compounds. SO a wide range of everything we eat is formed from carbon and hydrogen, which is the second important element to form organic compounds.
A Power Point Presentation on Introductory Chemistry. To motivate new students of Chemistry. To help students appreciate the importance of Chemicals in everyday life. Done by Bro. Oh Teik Bin, Lower Perak Buddhist Association, Teluk Intan, Malaysia.
Chemistry is a foundational scientific field that delves into the study of matter and its interactions. It investigates the building blocks of substances, such as atoms and molecules, and how they transform and behave. With its broad reach, chemistry informs various scientific disciplines and everyday life. From comprehending the intricate workings within our bodies to developing new materials and understanding environmental processes, chemistry provides valuable insights. By exploring electron dynamics, bonding principles, and chemical reactions, chemists uncover the mysteries of the microscopic realm, leading to technological advancements and sustainable solutions. Through experimentation and innovation, chemistry drives progress and contributes to a better future for society.
Chemistry is the captivating study of matter, encompassing its properties, composition, structure, behavior, and the transformative nature of chemical reactions. Positioned as the central science, it establishes connections with diverse scientific disciplines. Chemistry's applications extend into crucial domains like medicine, materials science, energy, and environmental studies. From unraveling the intricacies of molecular structures to forging breakthrough drugs and revolutionary materials, chemistry drives scientific discoveries and technological advancements. By comprehending and manipulating the fundamental components of our world, chemistry empowers us to tackle complex challenges and gain deeper insights into nature, fostering a better understanding of our existence and enabling sustainable progress.
Explore chemistry's diverse facets! From Organic to Physical Chemistry, each branch unlocks unique insights. Need support? Opt for Chemistry Assignment Help, ensuring success in your academic journey. Dive into the world of elements with confidence!
Carbohydrates are organic compounds comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a primary energy source for the body. There are three main types:
Monosaccharides: Single sugar units (e.g., glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: Two linked sugar units (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of sugar units (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase breaking down starch into smaller sugars. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes further digest carbohydrates. Absorbed sugars enter the bloodstream, regulating blood glucose levels. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Dietary fiber, a non-digestible polysaccharide, promotes digestive health.Carbohydrates are organic compounds comprising carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They serve as a primary energy source for the body. There are three main types:
Monosaccharides: Single sugar units (e.g., glucose, fructose).
Disaccharides: Two linked sugar units (e.g., sucrose, lactose).
Polysaccharides: Long chains of sugar units (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with salivary amylase breaking down starch into smaller sugars. In the small intestine, pancreatic enzymes further digest carbohydrates. Absorbed sugars enter the bloodstream, regulating blood glucose levels. Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Dietary fiber, a non-digestible polysaccharide, promotes digestive health.
This show is for beginners or introductory guide for those who intend to specialize in chemistry or join any of chemical disciplines.
This illustrates what is chemistry science, different specializations in chemistry, their roles with the difference between them and also clarifies competitive skills you should have to strongly get into your specialization.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
ï Endoplasmic reticulum is the interconnected network
of tubular and flat vesicular structures in the
cytoplasm (Figures 1.4A and B).
ï Endoplasmic reticulum forms the link between
nucleus and cell membrane by connecting the cell
membrane at one end and the outer membrane of
the nucleus at the other end (see Figure 1.1).
ï A large number of minute granular particles called
Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry that studies the rates of chemical reactions, the factors that influence these rates, and the mechanisms by which reactions occur. It provides insights into how reactants transform into products over time. Understanding chemical kinetics is crucial for optimizing reaction conditions, designing efficient industrial processes, and gaining insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here are key concepts in chemical kinetics:
Reaction Order and Rate Determining Step:
Rate-Determining Step: The slowest step in a reaction mechanism, determining the overall rate of the reaction.
Overall Reaction Order: The sum of the individual orders of reactants in the rate-determining step.
If you are in search of the Chemistry book in pdf format for class 9 matric then you are at right page because here we have shared the Punjab Textbook board PTB 9th class Chemistry Book pdf Download or you can read it online below:
.Chemistry 9Th Book, PUNJAB TEXT BOOK
Chemistry 9th Class Book (English Medium) Free Download. Free download the book Chemistry is for 9th class english medium students.
Monosaccharides (Greek: Mono = one)
Monosaccharides are also called simple sugars. The term
sugar is applied to carbohydrates that are soluble in
water and sweet to taste. They consist of a single
polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit
Oligosaccharides (Greek: oligo = few)
Oligosaccharides consist of a short chain of monosaccharide
units (2 to 10 units), joined together by a characteristic bond
called glycosidic bond which, on hydrolysis, gives two to
ten molecules of simple sugar (monosaccharide) units
How can I get started with learning basic chemistry?
Start by exploring the structure of atoms, understanding chemical bonds, and familiarizing yourself with the Periodic Table.
Chemistry is often referred to as the central science, and for a good reason. It serves as the foundation for understanding the world around us. Whether you are a student, a scientist, or simply a curious individual, grasping the basics of chemistry is essential.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. Definition Of chemistry
• Chemistry is the study of the substances, specially their
structure, properties, transformations and the energy changes
accompanying these transformation.
Or, the branch of science that deals with the identification of
the substances of which matter is composed; the investigation
of their properties and the ways in which they interact,
combine, and change; and the use of these processes to form
new substances.
3. Some Uses of Chemistry
• Everything is made of chemicals. Many of the changes we
observe in the world around we see that caused by chemical
reactions. Chemistry is very important because it helps us to
know the composition, structure& changes of matter. All the
matters are made up of chemistry. In our every day like
various chemical are being used in various form, some of
those are being used as food, some of those used clanging etc.
4. Some Uses of Chemistry
Industries and Transport
Food Security and Agriculture
Science and Technology
Cooking
Cleaning
Medicine
Environmental Issues
Polymers
Building Materials , etc.
5. Branches of Chemistry
• There are five main branches of chemistry:
Organic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Biochemistry
6. Organic Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry is the study of compounds that contain the
elements carbon and hydrogen.
Or, Organic chemistry involves the study of the structure,
properties, and preparation of chemical compounds that consist
primarily of carbon and hydrogen. Examples: Petroleum,
almost all medicine, food
8. Organic Chemistry
• Organic chemistry overlaps with many areas including-
Medicinal chemistry —the design, development, and
synthesis of medicinal drugs. It overlaps with
pharmacology (the study of drug action).
Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Polymer chemistry — the study of the chemistry of
polymers.
9. Organic Chemistry
Physical organic chemistry — the study of the
interrelationships between structure and reactivity in
organic molecules.
Stereochemistry — the study of the spatial
arrangements of atoms in molecules and their effects
on the chemical and physical properties of
substances.
10. Inorganic chemistry
• The study of compounds that are made of only one or no
carbon elements. It covers all chemical compounds except
organic compounds.
• Inorganic chemistry study things such as crystal structures,
minerals, metals, catalysts, and most elements in the Periodic
Table.
12. Inorganic chemistry
• Branches of inorganic chemistry include:
Bioinorganic chemistry — the study of the interaction of
metal ions with living tissue, mainly through their direct
effect on enzyme activity.
Geochemistry — the study of the chemical composition
and changes in rocks, minerals, and atmosphere of the earth
or a celestial body.
13. Inorganic chemistry
Nuclear chemistry — the study of radioactive substances.
Organometallic chemistry — the study of chemical
compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal.
Solid-state chemistry — the study of the synthesis,
structure, and properties of solid materials.
14. Analytical Chemistry
• It is the study of the separation, identification,
and quantification of the chemical components of natural and
artificial materials. It has qualitative analysis which is more on
the physical properties and identity and quantitative analysis
the measurement and amount of a certain substance.
• Analytical chemistry involves the qualitative and quantitative
determination of the chemical components of substances.
16. Analytical Chemistry
• Examples of areas using analytical chemistry include:
Forensic chemistry — the application of chemical principles,
techniques, and methods to the investigation of crime.
Environmental chemistry —the study of the chemical and biochemical
phenomena that occur in the environment. It relies heavily on analytical
chemistry and includes atmospheric, aquatic, and soil chemistry.
Bioanalytical Chemistry — the examination of biological materials
such as blood, urine, hair, saliva, and sweat to detect the presence of
specific drugs.
17. Physical Chemistry
• Chemistry that relies on a lot of physics and math to study the
changes in energy that happen to matter.
• The study of the shape of non-living matter and how that
affects matter at the visible scale.
• Physical chemists typically study the rate of a chemical
reaction, the interaction of molecules with radiation, and the
calculation of structures and properties.
19. Physical Chemistry
Sub-branches of physical chemistry include:
Photochemistry — the study of the chemical changes caused by
light.
Surface chemistry — the study of chemical reactions at surfaces of
substances. It includes topics like adsorption, heterogeneous
catalysis, formation of colloids, corrosion, electrode processes, and
chromatography.
Chemical kinetics — the study of the rates of chemical reactions, the
factors affecting those rates, and the mechanism by which the
reactions proceed.
20. Physical Chemistry
Quantum chemistry — the mathematical description of the
motion and interaction of subatomic particles. It incorporates
quantization of energy, wave-particle duality, the uncertainty
principle, and their relationship to chemical processes.
Spectroscopy — the use of the absorption, emission, or
scattering of electromagnetic radiation by matter to study the
matter or the chemical processes it undergoes.
21. Biochemistry
• Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry in
biological processes of all living organisms. There is
an evident overlapping of different branches of
chemistry but they are all observed in the systems of
living things.
• Biochemical research includes cancer and stem cell
biology, infectious disease, and cell membrane and
structural biology.
23. Biochemistry
• It spans molecular biology, genetics, biochemical pharmacology,
clinical biochemistry, and agricultural biochemistry. Sub-branches of
biochemistry is-
Molecular biology — the study of the interactions between the
various systems of a cell, such as the different types of DNA, RNA,
and protein biosynthesis.
Genetics — the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living
organisms.
Pharmacology — the study of mechanisms of drug action and the
influence of drugs on an organism.
24. Biochemistry
Toxicology —a sub-branch of pharmacology that studies the
effects of poisons on living organisms.
Clinical biochemistry — the study of the changes that disease
causes in the chemical composition and biochemical processes
of the body.
Agricultural biochemistry — the study of the chemistry that
occurs in plants, animals, and microorganisms.
25. Sub-branches of chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry –
It is the study of radioactive elements
nuclear processes and nuclear properties.
Radioactive decay-
Radioactive decay is the process by which an
unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting
ionizing particles or radiation.
26. Sub-branches of chemistry
Materials Chemistry –
It is the preparation, characterization, and
understanding of substances with a useful
function. This is more of application of
chemistry in different sciences, engineering and
industry.