The document discusses lubrication best practices for bearings in different sections of a modern papermaking machine. It describes the forming section where a pulp web enters with 99% water content and exits at 80% water content. It then describes the press section which further removes water through pressing. Grease or oil lubrication are commonly used depending on the bearing size and speed. Water resistance and corrosion protection are important for lubricants in the forming section while heat dissipation is also a concern in high-speed press sections.

1. Best Practice Lubrication for Paper Machines
The various sections of a modern papermaking machine expose about 1,500 different
bearings to harsh conditions including water, heat, steam and paper dust. Each section has
special lubrication requirements.
Berbagai bagian dari mesin pembuatan kertas modern mengekspos sekitar 1.500 bantalan
yang berbeda untuk kondisi yang keras termasuk air, panas, uap dan debu kertas. Setiap
bagian memiliki persyaratan pelumasan khusus
Figure 1. High-speed Papermaking Machine
A modern papermaking machine can be larger than 10 meters (33 feet) wide, 20 meters (66
feet) high, and the length of two football fields. Each huge machine consists of at least four
distinct sections - a forming or wire section (often called the “wet” section), a press section,
a drying section and a reeler.
Mesin pembuatan kertas modern bisa lebih besar dari 10 meter (33 kaki) lebar, 20 meter
(66 kaki) tinggi, dan panjang dua lapangan sepak bola. Setiap mesin besar terdiri dari
setidaknya empat bagian yang berbeda - bagian pembentukan atau kawat (sering disebut
bagian "basah"), bagian pers, bagian pengeringan dan reeler
Different types of machines process an assortment of papers, and speeds can range from as
low as 100 meters (328 feet) per minute for some pulp-drying machines to 2,200 meters
(7,218 feet) per minute for the fastest tissue machines.
Berbagai jenis mesin memproses bermacam-macam kertas, dan kecepatan dapat berkisar
dari serendah 100 meter (328 kaki) per menit untuk beberapa mesin pengeringan pulp
hingga 2.200 meter (7.218 kaki) per menit untuk mesin tisu tercepat

2. While acknowledging that there are differences in lubrication requirements based on
variations in products and machine speeds, there are still general guidelines to a mill’s
operations and engineering personnel regarding how to correctly lubricate the bearings in
each section.
Meskipunmengakui bahwaadaperbedaandalampersyaratanpelumasanberdasarkanvariasi dalam
produkdan kecepatanalatberat,masihada pedomanumumuntukoperasi pabrikdantenagateknik
mengenai caramelumasi bantalandenganbenardi setiapbagian.
Forming Section
Pulp entering the first section of a paper machine, the forming section, is about 99 percent
water. By the end of the forming section, the water content has to be low enough to make
the paper web self-supporting as it moves into the press section (Figure 2).
Bubur kertasyangmemasuki bagianpertamamesinkertas,bagianpembentuknya,adalahsekitar99
persenair.Padaakhir bagianpembentukan,kadarairharuscukup rendahuntukmembuatjaring
kertasmandiri saatbergerakke bagianpers(Gambar 2).
Figure 2. The Forming or Wire Part of a Fourdrinier Machine.
The Original and Most Widely Used Type of
Paper-forming Unit.
Various types of forming sections, most running between 900 and 2,500 meters (2,953 and
8,202 feet) per minute, operate in today’s paper mills. Whatever the type and speed of a
forming machine, its bearings are exposed to large amounts of water.
Berbagai jenisbagianpembentuk,sebagianbesarberjalanantara900 dan2.500 meter(2.953 dan
8.202 kaki) permenit,beroperasi di pabrikkertashari ini.Apapunjenisdankecepatanmesin
pembentuknya,bantalannyaterkenaairdalamjumlahbesar
Thus, heat usually is not a factor in selecting a lubricant and lubrication method for a
forming section. For the most part, bearings in a forming section should be lubricated with
grease. The grease lubricates the seals, keeps water out and purges contaminants,
especially water, from the bearings.

3. Jadi,panasbiasanyabukanmerupakanfaktordalammemilihpelumasdanmetode pelumasanuntuk
bagianpembentukan.Untuksebagianbesar,bantalandi bagianpembentukharusdilumasi dengan
minyak.Gemukmelumasisegel,menjagaairkeluardanmembersihkankontaminan,terutamaair,
dari bantalan.
A good procedure for lubricating bearings in the wet section is to use an automatic system
that pumps a predetermined amount of grease per day into each bearing. This procedure
ensures that a fresh amount of grease purges the bearings on a regular basis.
Proseduryangbaikuntukmelumasi bantalandi bagianbasahadalahdenganmenggunakansistem
otomatisyangmemompajumlahlemakyangtelahditentukanperhari ke setiapbantalan.Prosedur
ini memastikanbahwasejumlah besarlemakmembersihkanbantalansecarateratur.
Sometimes, mill personnel choose oil rather than grease for lubricating bearings in the wet
section. This may occur for one of a number of reasons. For example, in relatively high-
speed forming sections, elevated operating temperatures may require excessive grease for
relubrication. The right oil may be more economical and less messy.
Terkadang, personel pabrik memilih oli daripada gemuk untuk bantalan pelumas di bagian
basah. Ini dapat terjadi karena salah satu dari sejumlah alasan. Sebagai contoh, pada bagian
pembentuk berkecepatan tinggi, suhu operasi yang meningkat mungkin memerlukan
pelumas berlebih untuk pelumasan kembali. Minyak yang tepat mungkin lebih ekonomis
dan tidak berantakan.
Or perhaps there are other oil-lubricated bearings nearby. With an oil systempresent in the
area, it might be used instead of grease. When one selects oil lubrication, bearing seals must
be selected to suit that lubrication medium.
Ataumungkinada bantalanberpelumasoli laindi dekatnya.Dengansistemminyakhadirdi daerah
tersebut,mungkindigunakansebagaipenggantiminyak.Ketikaseseorangmemilihpelumasanoli,
seal bantalanharusdipilihagarsesuai denganmediumpelumasanitu
For spherical roller bearings as well as for toroidal, nonlocating bearings (marketed by SKF®
as CARB® bearings), oil lubrication is actually the preferred lubrication method when the
speed is 50 percent or higher than the selected grease’s speed rating.
Untuk bantalanrol bolaserta bantalan toroidal,non-penempatan(dipasarkanolehSKF® sebagai
bantalanCARB®),pelumasanolisebenarnyaadalahmetodepelumasanyangdisukaiketika
kecepatannya50 persenataulebihtinggi dari peringkatkecepatanpelumasyangdipilih
In general, though, the best choice for a bearing lubricant for the forming section is a high-
quality grease with synthetic thickeners and outstanding water-repelling properties.
Protection against corrosion also has top priority for bearings in a forming section.
Therefore, the lubricant - grease or oil - must have good rust-inhibiting properties.
Namun,secaraumum,pilihanterbaikuntukpelumasbantalanuntukbagianpembentukanadalah
pelumasberkualitastinggi denganpengental sintetikdansifatmenolakairyangluarbiasa.
Perlindunganterhadapkorosi jugamemiliki prioritasutamauntukbantalandi bagianpembentuk.
Olehkarenaitu,pelumas - pelumasatauminyak - harusmemilikisifatpenghambatkaratyangbaik.

4. Press Section
The purpose of the press section is to remove additional water from the paper web, which
enters the section with a water content of about 80 percent (Figure 3).
Tujuandari bagianpersadalahuntukmenghilangkanairtambahandari jaringankertas,yang
memasuki bagiantersebutdengankadarairsekitar80 persen (Gambar3).
Figure 3. Valmet Sym-Press Press Section with Multiple Nips
Pressing is a much less expensive way than steam heating to remove water from the paper
web. Consequently, the pressing process on paper machines is being extensively developed.
For example, high-temperature pressing (also called impulse drying) is gaining in popularity
because it produces a dryer paper web and can improve paper quality as well.
Pengepresanadalahcarayangjauhlebihmurahdaripadapemanasandenganuapuntuk
menghilangkanairdari jaringkertas.Akibatnya,prosespenekananpadamesinkertassedang
dikembangkansecaraluas.Misalnya,pengepresansuhutinggi(jugadisebutpengeringanimpuls)
mulai populerkarenamenghasilkanjaringkertaspengeringdanjugadapat meningkatkankualitas
kertas.
Plain press rolls are sometimes called “solid press rolls,” although they are not always solid.
Heated press rolls are becoming more common, and extensive developmental initiatives are
underway to find the optimum design and heating temperature for heated rolls for specific
grades of paper.
Gulunganpersbiasakadang-kadangdisebut"gulunganperspadat,"meskipuntidakselalusolid.Roll
pressberpemanasmenjadilebihumum,daninisiatifpengembanganekstensif sedangdilakukan
untuk menemukandesaindansuhupemanasanyangoptimal untukroll yangdipanaskanuntuk
grade kertastertentu.

5. Typically, in the press section as in the forming section, water is the problem; heat is not.
However, heated rolls, high-temperature pressing and high speeds will compound
lubrication problems.
Biasanya,di bagianpersseperti di bagianpembentukan,airadalahmasalahnya;panastidak.Namun,
gulunganyangdipanaskan,pengepresansuhutinggi dankecepatantinggi akanmenambahmasalah
pelumasan.
Thus, both grease and circulating oil are commonly used for bearings in the press section.
The type of lubrication selected is usually a function of the size and speed of the bearings
and the rolls on which they are found.
Dengandemikian,baikminyakpelumasdansirkulasiumumnyadigunakanuntukbantalandi bagian
pers.Jenispelumasanyangdipilihbiasanyamerupakanfungsidari ukurandankecepatanbantalan
dan gulungantempatmerekaditemukan
For grease lubrication, multistage labyrinth seals help keep water out and protective covers
help prevent the entry of water during hose downs.
Untuk pelumasangemuk,segel labirinbertingkatmembantumenjagaairkeluardanpenutup
pelindungmembantumencegahmasuknyaairselamaselangturun.
Circulating oil is usually specified for large bearings that rotate relatively fast - a situation in
which grease can cause skidding problems. Also, in high-speed paper machines the frictional
heat in the large bearings on the press rolls can be high enough to require that large
quantities of circulating oil pass through the bearings to dissipate the heat.
Oli yangbersirkulasi biasanyaditentukanuntukbantalanbesaryangberputarrelatif cepat - situasi di
mana gemukdapatmenyebabkanmasalahpenyaradan.Juga,padamesinkertasberkecepatantinggi
panas gesekanpadabantalanbesarpadagulunganpersdapatcukup tinggi untukmengharuskan
sejumlahbesaroli yangbersirkulasi melewatibantalanuntukmenghilangkanpanas
A low oil inlet temperature, obtained using a cooled tank in a separate system, may help
maintain the required viscosity. In a press roll bearing lubricated by a circulating-oil system,
a flinger will prevent oil from escaping from the housing, while radial labyrinths will keep
out the water. Whatever the lubricant, rust inhibitors should be part of its formulation.
Suhusaluranmasukoli yang rendah,yangdiperolehdenganmenggunakantangki yangdidinginkan
dalamsistemyangterpisah,dapatmembantumenjagaviskositasyangdiperlukan.Dalambantalan
rol tekanyangdilumasi olehsistemoli sirkulasi,flingerakanmencegaholi keluardari rumah,
sementaralabirinradial akanmenahanair.Apapunpelumasnya,inhibitorkaratharusmenjadi
bagiandari formulasinya.
Within the press section, felt rolls carry the felt that absorbs and conveys away the water in
the paper web. Spherical roller bearings and toroidal, nonlocating bearings are
recommended here as is oil lubrication.

6. Di dalambagianpers,gulungankainmembawakainyangmenyerapdanmembawaairdi jaringan
kertas.Bantalanbolabundardan bantalantoroidal,nonlokasidirekomendasikandi sini seperti
pelumasanoli.
There are several reasons for using oil with felt rolls. One is that if grease lubrication were
employed for the bearings of high-speed machines, the operating temperatures would be so
high that regreasing would be required much too often. Then, excessive grease could
contaminate the machine.
Ada beberapaalasanuntukmenggunakanoli dengangulunganyangterasa.Salahsatunyaadalah
bahwajikapelumasangemukdigunakanuntukbantalanmesinberkecepatantinggi,suhuoperasi
akan sangattinggi sehinggaregreasingakandibutuhkanterlalusering.Kemudian,minyakberlebih
bisamencemari mesin
Another reason for using oil on felt-roll bearings is that there are surely other oil-lubricated
bearings nearby. Demands made on the oil by the felt-roll bearings are not as great as the
demands on the oil for the press-roll bearings.
Alasanlainuntukmenggunakanoli padabantalanfelt-roll adalahkarenapasti adabantalanyang
dilumasi oli di sekitarnya.Tuntutanyangdibuatpadaoli olehbantalanfelt-roll tidaksebesar
permintaanpadaoli untukbantalanpress-roll.
Therefore, the same oil can be used for felt-role bearings as is used for the press rolls,
provided it was correctly selected in the first place.
Olehkarenaitu,oli yangsama dapatdigunakanuntukbantalanperan-terasaseperti yangdigunakan
untukgulunganpers,asalkandipilihdenganbenardi tempatpertama.
Be aware that seals for oil-lubricated bearings are normally not as efficient as the multistage
labyrinths used for grease-lubricated bearings. However, seals for oil-lubricated bearings in
the press section have to be equally efficient due to their exposure to water during
operation and hosing down.
Ketahuilah bahwasegeluntukbantalanberpelumasoli biasanyatidakseefisienlabirinbertingkat
yang digunakanuntukbantalanberpelumasgemuk.Namun,sealuntukbantalanyangdilumasi oli di
bagianpersharus sama efisiennyakarenapaparannyaterhadapairselamaoperasi danpenyiraman
Dryer Section
When the paper web leaves the press section, the water content is typically between 50 and
65 percent. It then enters the dryer section for the removal of more water, down to 5
percent to 10 percent.
Ketika jaring kertas meninggalkan bagian pers, kadar air biasanya antara 50 dan 65 persen.
Kemudian memasuki bagian pengering untuk menghilangkan lebih banyak air, turun ke 5
persen menjadi 10 persen.

7. Bearings in the dryer section are exposed to high temperatures over long periods. Thus, the
operating conditions for these bearings are quite severe. Constantly increasing demands
brought about by larger, faster machines and higher steamtemperatures will add to the
challenge on the lubricant and lubrication delivery system.
Bantalandi bagian pengeringterkenasuhutinggi dalamjangkawaktulama.Dengandemikian,
kondisi operasi untukbantalanini cukupparah.Permintaanyangterusmeningkatyangdisebabkan
olehmesinyanglebihbesar,lebihcepat,dansuhuuapyanglebihtinggi akanmenambahtantangan
pada sistempengirimanpelumasdanpelumasan
A dryer section might have several kinds of rolls, three of which are described here (Figure
4).
Figure 4. Traditional Dryer Section
First, there are drying cylinders that carry the paper web and are heated by steam.
Depending upon the product and the machine’s speed, the temperature of the steam used
to heat drying cylinders varies. But in many cases, even when the journals are insulated, the
bearings can see temperatures as high as 125°C (257°F).
Pertama,ada tabungpengeringanyangmembawajaringkertasdandipanaskandenganuap.
Bergantungpadakecepatanprodukdanmesin,suhuuapyang digunakanuntukmemanaskan
silinderpengeringanbervariasi.Tetapi dalambanyakkasus,bahkanketikajurnal terisolasi,bantalan
dapat melihatsuhusetinggi 125 ° C (257 ° F).
Like the press section, the dryer section also has felt rolls carrying felt along the surfaces of
the progressing paper web. Also, there may be Yankee cylinders in the dryer section. They
are used for drying tissue and board.

8. Seperti halnyabagianpers,bagianpengeringjugamerasakangulunganyangterasadi sepanjang
permukaanjaringkertasyangmaju.Juga,mungkinadasilinderYankee di bagianpengering.Mereka
digunakanuntuk mengeringkanjaringandanpapan
A Yankee cylinder is normally 4 to 6 meters (13 to 20 feet) in diameter but can be as much
as 9 meters (30 feet) in diameter. It is designed for high-pressure steam at more than 200°C.
SilinderYankeebiasanyaberdiameter4hingga6 meter(13 hingga20 kaki) tetapi bisaberdiameter9
meter(30 kaki).Ini dirancanguntukuap tekanantinggi padalebihdari 200 ° C
One or two press rolls, positioned below the Yankee cylinder, press the web against the
cylinder. The paper adheres to the heated cylinder, and it is dried by the heat from the
cylinder and by hot air blown onto the outside of the web.
Satu atau duarol tekan,yangdiposisikandi bawahsilinderYankee,tekanwebpadasilinder.Kertas
menempelpadasilinderyangdipanaskan,dandikeringkanolehpanasdari silinderdanolehudara
panas yangditiupkanke luarjaring.
The bearings in all of these rolls and cylinders are, of course, lubricated by circulating oil,
and the general oil requirements for the section are dictated by the requirements of the
drying-cylinder bearings.
Bantalanpada semuagulungandansilinderini,tentusaja,dilumasi oleholi yangbersirkulasi,dan
persyaratanoli umumuntukbagiantersebutditentukanolehpersyaratanbantalansilinder
pengeringan.
Achieving proper lubrication of drying-cylinder bearings requires large quantities of water-
free oil of the appropriate viscosity. In modern machines with insulated journals, it is usually
possible to cool the bearing to temperatures below 90°C
Mencapai pelumasan yang tepat dari bantalan silinder pengeringan membutuhkan sejumlah
besar minyak bebas air dari viskositas yang sesuai. Pada mesin modern dengan jurnal
berinsulasi, biasanya memungkinkan untuk mendinginkan bantalan hingga suhu di bawah
90 ° C
Because so many factors influence the calculation of the requisite oil flows, these must be
determined for each individual dryer section. Many bearing and lubrication suppliers can
perform computer analyses to aid papermakers with this determination.
Karenabegitubanyakfaktoryangmempengaruhi perhitunganaliranminyakyangdiperlukan,ini
harus ditentukanuntuksetiapbagianpengeringindividu.Banyakpemasokbantalandanpelumasan
dapat melakukananalisiskomputeruntukmembantupembuatkertasdengantekadini.
Typically, circulating oil from the systemthat lubricates the drying-cylinder bearings
lubricates the felt-roll bearings in the dryer section.
Biasanya,oli sirkulasi dari sistemyangmelumasibantalansilinderpengeringanmelumasibantalan
felt-rolldi bagianpengering.

9. However, a separate circulating-oil systemis recommended for Yankee-cylinder bearings,
for which operating conditions are similar to those of drying cylinders but the rotational
speed is usually lower, as is the ambient temperature.
Namun,sistemoli sirkulasi terpisahdirekomendasikanuntukbantalanYankee-silinder,yangkondisi
operasinyamiripdengansilinderpengeringantetapi kecepatanrotasi biasanyalebihrendah,seperti
suhulingkungan.
As with drying cylinders, effective journal insulation is recommended for Yankee-cylinder
bearings.
As with drying cylinders, effective journal insulation is recommended for Yankee-cylinder
bearings.
Reeler
Most large paper machines produce a continuous paper web 8 to 10 meters (26 to 33 feet)
wide (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Reeler
This web must be cut and made into smaller rolls before the paper is distributed to
customers. The first reel or spool of paper is created on the reeler at the end of the paper
machine.
Webini harus dipotongdandibuat menjadi gulungankecil sebelumkertasdidistribusikanke
pelanggan.Gulunganataugulungankertaspertamadibuatpadareelerdi ujungmesinkertas.
When the roll of paper on a reel reaches the desired diameter, reeling is continued on a new
spool. The jumbo roll of paper, which may weigh as much as 100 tons, is then transferred to

10. a slitter and rewinder where it is cut to the width required by the customer and rewound
into rolls for shipping.
Ketikagulungankertaspadagulunganmencapai diameteryangdiinginkan,gulungandilanjutkan
pada gulunganbaru.Gulungankertasjumbo,yangberatnyabisamencapai 100 ton, kemudian
ditransferke slitterdanrewinderyangdipotongsesuaidenganlebaryangdibutuhkanoleh
pelanggandandigulungmenjadi gulunganuntukpengiriman
The principal bearings in the reeling operation are those on the reel drum, which feeds the
paper web onto the spools, and those on the reel spools, onto which the paper web gets
rolled. Compared to the other sections of a paper machine, the bearings in the reeler
operate in a relatively good environment: dry and about 25°C. Still, these bearings must be
protected from paper dust.
Bantalan utama dalam operasi reeling adalah yang ada pada drum reel, yang
mengumpankan jaring kertas ke gulungan, dan bantalan gulungan gulungan, ke tempat
gulungan kertas digulung. Dibandingkan dengan bagian lain dari mesin kertas, bantalan
pada reeler beroperasi di lingkungan yang relatif baik: kering dan sekitar 25 ° C. Namun,
bantalan ini harus dilindungi dari debu kertas.
Reelers are relatively slow-running machines, and in most of them grease is used on the
reel-drum bearings. However, circulating oil is becoming more common as a lubrication
method for these bearings, and when a circulating-oil system is used, it is often the same
system used for the drying-cylinder bearings.
Reel adalahmesinyangberjalanrelatif lambat,dansebagianbesardari merekadigunakanuntuk
bantalanreel-drum.Namun,oli sirkulasi menjadi lebihumumsebagai metode pelumasanuntuk
bantalanini,danketikasistemoli sirkulasi digunakan,seringkali sistemyangsamadigunakanuntuk
bantalansilinderpengeringan
In this case, care must be taken to ensure the oil is adequate for both applications. The
bearing arrangements for reel spools are usually lubricated with the same grease as that
used for the forming and press sections. Relubrication should be carried out about once a
month.
Dalamhal ini,perawatanharusdilakukanuntukmemastikanoli memadai untukkeduaaplikasi.
Pengaturanbantalanuntukgulungangulunganbiasanyadilumasi denganminyakyangsamaseperti
yang digunakanuntukbagianpembentukandanpers.Relubricationharusdilakukansebulansekali
The preceding are general guidelines for the correct lubrication of papermaking machines.
Special circumstances - unusual products, high speeds, requests for more throughput from
the same equipment, etc. - may require appropriate adjustments.
Sebelumnyaadalahpedomanumumuntukpelumasanyangbenardari mesinpembuatankertas.
Keadaankhusus - produkyang tidakbiasa,kecepatantinggi,permintaanthroughputlebihbanyak
dari peralatanyangsama,dll. - mungkinmemerlukanpenyesuaianyangtepat
Good practices for paper mill production and maintenance personnel include ongoing
interaction with bearing and lubrication suppliers regarding appropriate lubrication

11. products and techniques, being wary of so-called “miracle lubes” and being aware of
common paper-machine lubrication problems and how to solve them.
raktikyang baikuntukpersonel produksi danpemeliharaanpabrikkertastermasukinteraksi yang
berkelanjutandenganpemasokbantalandanpelumasanmengenai produkdanteknikpelumasan
yang tepat,waspadaterhadapapayang disebut"pelumasajaib"danmenyadari masalahpelumasan
mesinkertasbiasadanbagaimanamenyelesaikannya