what is the use private extension services.whart are the advantages of private extension servies.What is the difference between public and private extension services.

1. WELCOME

2. Dr. K. KANAGASABAPATHI,
PROFESSOR &HEAD,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
EXTENSION.
ANNAMALAI UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

3. SEMINAR ON
PRIVATISATION OF
AGRICULTURE EXTENSION
SERVICES.

5. INDIA &AGRICULTURE
INDIA:
 Population—over 1.21b
 GDP growth 6.74%
 Geographical areas—328 m/H.
AGRICULTURAL IN INDAI(2016-2017)
 Large and diverse agriculture sector.
 Total arable land in india160 m/H.
 India recorded 277.49 m/t food production.

6. INDIA&AGRICULTURE
 India is among top 3 global producers in –Rice,
Wheat, Pulses, Cotton, Peanut,Fruits&Vegetables.
 Rice production is expected to climb to a record
111.01 million this crop year.
 Wheat output is pegged at 97.11 million/ tones.
 Pulse are projected at 23.95 million/ Tones.
 Production of oil seed 29.82 million/ Tones.
 Cotton production will increase 33.92 million/
tones.
 Coarse cereals production will increase 33.92
million bales of 170 kg.
 Production of Sugarcane is estimated at 353.23
million/ tones.
SOURCE: Research data book 2017.

8. EXTENSION SYSTEM ---PREAMBLE
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of
Agriculture co-
operation&
farmer welfare.
ICAR
STATE LEVEL
SAUs, Ministry of
Agriculture,
Horticulture,
Animal
husbandry,
Sericulture.,Etc.
Commodity
Boards,
NGOS,
Financial
Institution.
 Indian council of agricultural Research (ICAR)is an
apex body at the national level.-----To evolve
effective Transfer of Technology.
 State Agriculture Universities(SAUs)come with
viable models that can be replicated through
existing extension machinery besides
implementing models evolved by ICAR system.
Public extension system Private extension
system

9. FIRST PLANNED ATTEMPT:
 Educated responsive farmer to take up improved
methods of farming across the country.
 Community Development Programme,1952
 National Extension Service,1953
AREA BASED SPECIAL PROGRAMMES:
 Trained farmers on high yielding varieties and
improved methods of farming to back up these
programs.
 Intensive Agriculture District programme,1960.
 Intensive Agriculture Area programme,1966.
 High Yielding Varieties Programme,1966.
 Farmers Training Centers,1967.
 The cumulative effect of these programs resulted
in usher in ‘’Green Revolution’’ in Indian
agriculture during late 1970s.

10.  Area based programs widened gap between
resource rich and resource poor farmers.
 Hence client based programs were introduced.
 To enable resources poor farmer to take benefit of
improved farm technology.
 Small farmer development Agency (SFDA ,1969)
 Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Laborers
programmed (MFAL,1969)
 District Rural Development Agency (DRDA,1976)
 Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP,1978)
 Lab To Land Programme Sponsored by ICAR (LLP,1978)
 Improve the Socio Economic Condition of
beneficiaries.
 Training and Visit System was introduced in 1974 with
world bank assistance.

11. Major Programs:
 National
Demonstration,1964.
 Operational Research
Projects,1975.
 Lab to Land
Programme,1995.
 Institutional Village
Linkage programme,1995.
 National Agricultural
Technology projects,1998.
 National Agricultural
Innovation projects,2006.
EXTENSION SYSTEM
INCLUDES:
ICAR Institutes, SAUs,
KVKs(700) Trainers
Training
Center(10),ATICs,(44),
NGOs, etc

12. MAJOR EXTENSION ACTIVITIES
 Farmer’s Training.
 Training program for in
Service personnel, model
training courses.
 Front line demonstration
(new technology)through
training and field says,
Campaigns.
 State/Regional/National/
Fair, exhibitions and
awards.
 Exposure visits.
 Kissan Call Centers.
 ICT and mobile SMSs.
 Publications brochures.
 Mass media, Audio Video
flims

13. KVKs (FARM SCIENCE CENTERS)
Innovative institution of ICAR at district level:
 Started IN 1974 and grown as large network(700
KVKs)
 Administered by ICAR institutes/SAUs/ Deemed
Universities/NGOs/SDA.
KVKkvks play a vital role through
 On farm testing.
 Front line demonstration.
 Need based training programs for benefit of
farmers and farm women ,rural youths and
extension personnel.
 Creating awareness through extension
programs .
 Production of critical and quality inputs.
 Agricultural knowledge and resources centers.

14. kvks activities:

15. PUBLIC EXTENSION SYSTEM IN INDIA
 India public extension system
concentrated on rural community
development objectives , rather than
having strong agriculture focus.
 Policy issues.
 Disappointing in transfer of technology.
WEAK POINTS OF PUBIC EXTENSION
SYSTEM:
 Extension Workers: Farmers ratio -
1;1000
 Inability to reach all farmers.
 Ineffective Extension Services.
 No need assessment.
 Women involvement is low.

18. NEED OF PRIVATISATION
Indian agriculture is self reliant
in food production.
Out of 1,10,000 extension staff of
whom around 20% are graduates.
Low cost technology.

19.  The primary goal of Government is to Maintain
Food Security.
 India is in process of privatizing its input
system to improve farmer access to purchased
inputs and to create a more efficient input
supply system
 process of funding and
delivering the extension
services by private
individuals or organization is
called private extension.(
saravanan &
shivalinge1980).

20. Privatization is the act of reducing the role of
government or increasing the role of
government or increasing the role of private
sector in an activity or in the ownership of
assets.
Privatization is the incidence or presence or
proce3ss of transferring ownership of business
from the public sector(government)to the
private sector.
Private extension is solely the act of private
individuals or organizations where the decision
of privatization solely rests with government
implemented in private extension provider.
Involves extension personnel from private
agency.
Client share the responsibility for services.
Act as alternative to public extension.

21.  Maximum possible profit to the clients
through advisory services because their
main objectives is to increase the income
of the farmers.
 To become more efficient and effective in
providing services because their survival
depends upon nature of their performance.
 Maximum possible profit to the clients
through advisory services because their
main objectives is to increase the
income of the farmers.
 To become more efficient and effective
in providing services because their
survival depends upon nature of their
performance

22. PRIVATIZATION APPROACHES:
 Share Cropping system
 Village extension contract system.
 Public extension through private delivery.
 Service for voucher.
ASSUMPTION BEHIND PRIVATE
EXTENSION:
 Extension generates new income.
 Provide Demand –Driven Services.
 Increases the voice of farmers in the
extension services.
 Become more cost effective with
efficient and quality services.
 Private extension increases staff
professionalism.

23.  Technological advancement in the
areas of communication information
technology.
 Opening out of public research and
educational institutes to part with the
technologies.
 Changing---cropping trends and
emergence of contract farming.
 Need too earn more from smaller
holdings.
 Loss of credibility in the extension
system.
 Inability of the public extension
system to reach the large target.
FAVOURABLE FACTORS FOR
PRIVATIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL
EXTENSION IN INDIA

26. SOME SUCCESSFUL EXAMPLES OF PRIVATE
SECTOR INITIATIVE.
TATA KISAN SANSAR
ITC’s e -Chaupal
Tarahaat.com portal
Mahindra
Company Ltd.

27. ENABLING AND EMPOWERING FARMERS
An initiative of the Tata Group under the auspices of
Tata chemicals to harness the technological prowess
for solving Indias’s social and economical problems.
 Objective in setting up the TSK network is to
empower the Indian famer and support the farming
community in creating more value for their
produce.
 The Concept and vision of TKS has evolved over
the year and is based on identifying critical needs
of the farmer.
 The three most critical needs are access to
markets/retail spaces, credit facilities and
information/advice.
 TKS has been pivotal providing value added
services to farmer, which has he1lped improve
their quality of living.

28. TKS centers provide generic as well as
store brands of
 Fertilizers : Urea, DAP,MOP,NPK,ETC.
 Specialty Fertilizers : zinc Sulphate, boron,
micro nutrient, calcium nitrate,
organic,water soluble fertilisers.
 Seeds: Field crops, Vegetable crop.
 Cattlefeed.
 Farm Implement.
 Soil and Water testing,
 Contract farming,
 Seed Production,
 Application services,
 Advisory services.

29.  Maximum possible profit to the
clients through advisory
services because their main
objectives is to increase the
income of the farmers.
 To become more efficient and
effective in providing services
because their survival depends
upon nature of their
performance.
.

30.  An initiative of ITC Limited ,a large multi business
conglomerate in India, to link directly with rural
farmers via the internet for procurement of
agricultural and aquaculture products like soya
bean, Wheat ,coffee, and prawn.
 e- choupal service today reach out to over 4
million farmers growing a range of crops in over
40,000 villages through 6500 kiosks across ten
states.(Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttrakand,
karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, uttra pradesh,
Rajastan, Maharashtra, kerala, Tamil Nadu.
 The e-choupal model has ben specifically designed
to tackle the challenges posed by the unique
features of Indian agriculture,Characterised by
fragenment farms,weak infrastructure and the
involvement of numerous intermediaries,among
others.

31. The e-choupal unshackles the
potential of Indian farmer who has
been trapped in a vicious cycle:
 Low risk taking ability.
 Low investment.
 Low productivity.
 Weak market orientation.
 Low value addition.
 Low margin.
 Low risk taking ability.

32. MAHINDRA SHUBHLABH
SERVICES
 Established in 2000.
 Provide farmers with a single
sources channel to access all the
Products, services, and
knowledge they need to run
productive farms.
 We are present at every stage
from planting to selling with seed
supply, crop care, and fresh
produce distribution services..
 Before the planting season,we
provide farmers with a portfolio
of seeds including cereals, oil
seeds, fruits, vegetables and
seed potato.

33.  By Supplying high quality seeds
before the growing season, we
enhance the potential for improved
farm productivity in several region of
India.
 During the growing season,We bring
farmers an array of products to help
them protect their crops and reap
high yield.
 Through our wide trade and
distribution network, we supply a
wide range of crop care inputs
including
insecticides,Fungicides,Herbicides,n
utrients,biologicals,and plant growth
promoters.
 After harves,We provide distribution
services for fresh produce both
domestically and abroad.

36. DEMERITS OF PRIVATIZATION
 Information becomes excludable in the
short term.
 More face-to-face contacts and less
emphasis on mass media usage.
 Increased dependence of farmer.
 Payment cannot be deferred nor based
on impacts.
 Contradictory message flows from
competing sources.
 Human resource and organizational
development are sidelined.

38. CONCLUSION: