This is ppt on digital agriculture for atmanirbhar bharat.

1. Digital Agriculture is a Must for Atmanirbhar Bharat
Suhas P Wani
Former Director, Research Program–Asia, ICRISAT.
Currently Intl Consultant for ADB, Manila, FAO, and IFAD, Rome

2. • Why?
• How? Govt. policies
• What?
• Data Architecture
• Data collection
• Data analytics and decision support systems
• Data visualization
• Digital information system for doubling farmers’ income
Outline

3. Why Agriculture is Important for Atmanirbhar Bharat
 Indian economy is largely agrarian economy as 65% of the total
population is rural.
 The rural-urban divide is so prominent that rural income per capita per
year is Rs 40,925 less than half of the urban counterpart (Rs 98,435).
 The agricultural sector’s contribution to the national gross domestic
product (GDP) value is 20.2 percent in the year 2020-21 and 18.8
percent in 2021-22 as compared to 41% in 1960.
 The market outlook depends on the performance of agriculture and
mainly the performance of Monsoon rains.
 India has the largest arable land supporting 58% of the population as
the primary source of livelihood.
 Considering the predominance of agriculture/rural areas in driving the
Indian economy, rural transformation is a must to make Atmanirbhar
Bharat

4. Why Digital Agriculture is Needed for Scaling-up &
Inclusive Value Chains in India ?
Large yield gaps (farmers
yields are 2 to 5 folds lower
than achievable.
Farmers have no access thru
extension agencies as a result
farmers follow traditional
practices
Farmers receive only 30-35%
of market price paid by the
customers due to poor
market access to farmers
Post- harvest losses are high
due to poor infrastructure.
Farmers are poor and small
farm –holders
145 million farm holders
No ext.support Govt.machinery Other farmers Media Pvt. agents
59 11 20 19.6 7.4
Science of
delivery
The NSSO 2013 showed: % farmers
Agri knowhow. Who do farmers turn to for technical advice?
Input dealers, progressive farmers are popular sources of agri advice; government agencies
are largely ignored

5. PM’s Doubling Farmers Income
Urgent need to transform small farm-holder agriculture using big data
analytics from subsistence agriculture to a business proposition
DFI Committee Recommended
I. Remote sensing based crop and soil information on temporal and spatial basis
1) Remote sensing: satellite observations forming images of the earth’s surface.
Advanced to detect heat signatures of planted crops and animals. Crop
classification, crop cultivation area estimation, evaluation of crop losses, spread of
disease, biodiversity monitoring. GIS: management of data tied to a spatially
mapped location. Data to be graphically depicted on a map and visual presentation
to support decision making. crop cutting experiment to estimate a crop yield and
insurance, crop health monitoring, drones in agriculture
2) ICT based support for farmers: NeGPA to deliver services to the farming
community using ICT. Ease of access and timely information to farmers.
3) Agriculture 2.0 (Digital Agriculture) related to “Digital India”
4) Upcoming technologies: The widening scope of agricultural activities
makes the agricultural system an important domain for use of new technologies. AI
& ML: statistical data analysis disease information, meteorological data, satellite
observation, field survey. Big data, IoT, AI, KVKs and ATMA for knowledge diffusion,
blockchain, robots and sensors,

6. Government Policies Overview
 ICRISAT submitted and presented policy papers “Mission India for Transforming Agriculture
(MITrA) to PMO as requested.
 Soil health card mission implemented by DoAC& FW to promote balanced nutrient management.
 Promoting Science-based agriculture using agro-eco region and market-based crop
diversification.
 Use of satellite data for crop area and yield estimation for rice and wheat
 Through convergence, a new “Jal Shakti” Ministry was created to enhance water use efficiency,
and rainwater management to address water scarcity.
 Promoting bio-fortified cultivars of different crops to address the issue of malnutrition.
 Pulses Mission implemented to make India self-sufficient in pulses requirement.

7. Currently Agriculture is Managed in Compartments
Cultural aspects
Piecemeal/Compartmental
Approach
Behavioural
patterns are not
included
Sustainable
Agriculture is
made a futile
exercise
Cultural Change:
Water, agriculture, energy and climate change are all related – Without harmonizing
value chain sustainable rural development is not feasible

8. Innovation
 Holistic approach to benefit small farm holders – low-cost technologies,
reducing post-harvest losses, and shortening the value chain
 Science-led development (modern technologies) to transform subsistence
agriculture in to a business model
 International standards (modeling, big data, RS, ME&L, water budgeting,
drones, ML, AI, cloud computing and ICT, etc.,)
 Scaling-up is must
 A new proposition -building ownership along the value chain
BAU Model Won’t Work

9. Government Policy Overview
 The Hon’ble Prime Minister of India made a statement on 28 February 2015 at Bareilly on Doubling Farmers’ Income by the
year 2022.”
 Digital Agriculture Division was created under the MOAC&FW reorienting Information Technology Division following the
Doubling of Farmers Income (DFI) Committee’s recommendations.
 Aadhar-based direct benefit transfer (DBT), opening Jan Dhan accounts.
 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana insuring 55 million farmers, claims settled to the tune of 90,000 crores since January
2016.
 e-NAM enables farmers to sell their produce online at the national level.
 Kisan credit cards.
 Tech for farmers’ welfare, and mechanization through the promotion of machine hiring centers (MHCs).
 Increasing minimum support price ensuring 50 to 109 % return over cost of production.
 Kisan Rail and Kisan Udan to facilitate the transport of perishable agricultural goods in a timely manner.
 Promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) for accessing quality inputs and market.
 Launching one district one product (ODOP) initiative bypassing intermediaries.
 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY).
 PM Kisan Mandhan Yojana (PMKMY) ensures financial security.
 Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) converging water schemes under the new ministry of “Jal Shakti.
 Reforming and increasing labor wages.
 Modifying essential commodities act.
 Contract farming.

10. Better, Faster and Cheaper delivery
through Digital Agriculture
Better Faster Cheaper
Increase adoption
rate through
collaborative, bi-
directional
feedback loops
resulting in
farmer-preferred
products and
services
Reduce
development
and delivery
time for new
varieties
through rapid-
cycle innovation
Provide scalable,
lower-cost
solutions tailored
to the specific
needs of an
individual SHF to
increase farm
productivity
Better, faster and cheaper products/services will increase smallholder farmer
productivity, providing gains in poverty-reduction, nutrition, education, and
savings

11. Need Mission India to Transform Agriculture (MITrA)
 Subsistence to a business model
 Science-led Knowledge-intensive
 Mechanization
 Efficient use of resources
 Climate Smart
 Market-led diversification
 Value chain approach
 Need to support farmers thru Digital agriculture

12.  Small farm holders demand the best at
affordable price
 Tangible benefits
 Highest probability of success
 Need to build trust
 A lean organization
 Harness partnerships (need to learn
to co-opt farmers and institutions)
Collaborative capacity > Investment
capacity
Co-creation of Solutions
Development
investors
Farmers
Women
Group
Youth
Corporate
s
Researcher
s
Innovate Hybrid Solutions

13. Framework  Agro-Eco Region-based Climate Resilient Market Oriented
Agriculture

14. India Digital Ecosystems of Agriculture (IDEA)
 A digital ecosystem is a distributed, adaptive, and open socio-technical system with
properties of self organization, scalability, and sustainability to address the
issues/constraints faced by the farmers.
 The agriculture value chain extends from crop/ varietal selection and crop management to the
market. It involves public and private players in agricultural inputs and services as also logistics.
Should be integrated platform.
 Establishing a digital ecosystem of agriculture needs to take a long-term view of aspects like
interoperability, data governance, data quality, data standards, security and privacy, besides
promoting open innovation.
 Need decentralized, federated architecture that assures autonomy to the service providers and all
other actors and ensures interoperability at the same time.
 IDEA proposes “To build a National Digital Agriculture Ecosystem, to elevate Indian Agriculture Sector
to higher levels of efficiency and productivity, and to improve the welfare and income of farmers”.
 IDEA principles: Ecosystem thinking, building block approach, open API-based, Open, Open and Open,
national portability, Participatory design, and promote innovation.
 IDEA is proposed to be implemented on a mission-mode, by establishing a National Mission on Digital
Agriculture (NMDA) with a dedicated team of experts.
 Adoption of a holistic ecosystem approach to address the multiple challenges faced by the
agriculture sector is of national importance, to fulfil the aspirations like Doubling Farmer’s Income
and achieving the SDG’s. A multi-stakeholder approach is essential with government playing the role
of an enabler of the ecosystem players, rather than acting as a builder of digital systems.

15. Public Policy
 Digital infrastructure in rural and remote areas
 Rural roads, electricity, and logistics to power digital devices and
connect digital markets
 Digitization of public agricultural bodies and skilled public sector
workers
 Ensuring open data, farmers’ data privacy, security, and ownership,
enabling competition in the digital market
 Digital payment system
 Promoting the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem
 R&D
 Reducing the access barriers by marginalized groups (cost, language,
digital devices, distribution of benefits)

16. Smart Village
 Digitally connected villages with smart agriculture options
 Skilled labors to demonstrate up-to-date practices and
knowledge
 Digitization of public agricultural bodies and skilled public
sector workers
 Ensuring open data, farmers’ data privacy, security and
ownership, enabling competition in digital market
 Digital payment system
 Promoting digital entrepreneurship ecosystem
 R&D
 Reducing the access barriers by marginalized groups (cost,
language, digital devices, distribution of benefits)

17. 5.
Participatory
selection of
interventions
4.
Convergence
with existing
programs
3.
PPP
Consortium
Holistic set of solutions
Science backed
Sustainable
Market driven
Valued – not free
Inclusive
Participatory
2.
Inclusive
1.
Community
driven
C) Approach to
M&E and IMPACT ASSESSMENT
B) Approach to
INTERVENTIONS
A) Approach to
ENGAGEMENT
Approach Needed for Impacts

18. • Mobile-based data collection
• Flexible data collection tools
• Preparation of forms
• Deployment of forms
• Aggregation of data from data collector to centralized
server.
• Information tagged with location and farmer
What?: Data Collection

19. Mobile Data Collection
 Paper forms
 GPS device
 Camera
 Data collector
 Transport of paper forms
 Data entry operators
 Data analysis and
presentation
 No paper forms
 Integrated GPS
 Integrated camera
 Data can be sent to server
 Server-end program to
automate data analysis and
presentation

20. Build (XLS or XML) Collect
Aggregate
Open Data Kit

21. MEL Framework – Individual Farmer Level
What gets measured gets delivered

22. • Primary data layer:
• Digitization of cadastral maps
with ground-truthing.
• Mapping farmers to cadastral
maps (household survey and
land records)
• Digital mapping of bio-physical
parameters based on the
available legacy data.
• Will be the base data for
developing decision support
systems
What?:Land resource inventory

23. • Trend analysis
• Geospatial analysis
• Soil fertility-based fertilizer
recommendation
• Weather-based decision
making for field operations
• Need-based irrigation
management
What?: Data analytics and decision support systems

24. What?: Data analytics and decision support systems

25. Groundnut Crop Sowing Advisories
Devanakonda Mandal, Kurnool District
• Sowing at right time is critical in rainfed agriculture
• Large variability exists at Devanakonda in rainfed crop-sowing date
• Presently no advisory is available to farmers on right sowing period
• ICRISAT, Microsoft, aWhere, CYA (NGO) joined hands
• 175 farmers registered their mobiles for receiving advisories
through SMS
Climate resilient groundnut yields
Sowing progress
 INDIA REAL TIME
New App Promises to Tell Indian
Farmers When to Sow Crops
Farmers in Andhra Pradesh can sign up for an app that shows them
the weather and prime planting days
ENLARGE
Farmers replant rice saplings in a paddy field on the outskirts of Srinagar, Indian controlled Kashmir,
June 1, 2016. PHOTO: DAR YASIN/ASSOCIATED PRESS

26. Components of Sowing App
Soil water
balance
simulation using
cloud computing
& AI
Sowing period
Rainfall data:
• Actual
• Forecast
Soil properties

27. Water Impact Calculator: Simple tool for Irrigation
scheduling
• Simple and Excel based decision making tool
• Computes field scale water balance at daily time
scale
• Estimates crop water requirement and soil moisture
availability based on basic minimum inputs
• Design Irrigation scheduling (time and amount to be
applied)
• It is a Generic tool which is applicable to field,
horticulture and vegetable crops
• Validated for different horticulture crops in Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka

28. Soil Test-based Nutrient Management

29. Soil Fertility Data
RED : Low/Deficient
Green : Medium/High/Sufficient
This data collected through stratified soil sampling with
participation of farmers during various projects supported by
Governments and CSR projects accross India.

30. Online dynamic dashboards (Maps, Graphs, Tables)
Data visualization

31. Daily Activity Report from Ground staff

32. Historical Observed Crop Yield in
Karnataka (2010-2017)
This data collected through crop cutting experiments during
various projects supported by Government of Karnataka and
CSR projects.

33. Soil Fertility Data
RED : Low/Deficient
Green : Medium/High/Sufficient
This data collected through stratified soil sampling with
participation of farmers during various projects supported by
Governments and CSR projects accross India.

34. Rainwater Harvesting Structures

35. Groundwater Recharge

36. Groundwater Level

37. Groundwater Quality

38. Communications
Programs
Schemes
Policies
Models
RS & GIS
The Knowledge Bank

39. LRI in Cloud
Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning based on LRI

40. RS & GIS
The Knowledge Bank
Communications
Models
Programs
Schemes
Policies
Water Manager
Soil Health Manager
Diagnostic tool
Market Opp
Customized Reports
Feedback
Weather Based
Agro-Advisory
Best Practices
Digital Information System for DFI
Farmer

42. Be a Central Nodal Organization
 Link stakeholders and create a new ecosystem
 Build partnerships through consortium formation
 Be a facilitator and provide the framework
 Access and influence without ownership are important while
maintaining quality, mutual obligations, commitment to contractual
relationships and a shared set of values

43.  Igniting transformation
 Who is IMP than what?
Get the right people on bus and the wrong people off-the bus – right people in the right seats and they will figure out where to
drive
 Have unwavering faith that you can and will succeed in the end
 Culture of discipline – disciplined people don’t need hierarchy
 Disciplined thought – No need to have bureaucracy
 Disciplined action – No need to have excessive controls
 Combined culture of discipline with an ethic of entrepreneurship – Create performance
Get magical alchemy of performance
 Tipping point and continued push but not a planned restricting, technologies, or a killer innovation
Impact at Bottom of Pyramid

44.  Farmers first
 Partnerships
 Timely delivery
 Quality outputs/impacts
Core Values

45. Farmers-Centric Integrated & Inclusive Market-Oriented Development

46. Transform Lives of Farmers thru Scaling-up Science-led
Value Chains Using Big data and Cloud Computing
Thank You