Oil Sands Essay

Oil Sands Essay
The importance of oil in our society is so great that it affects developed and developing countries. It is a huge contributor to economic growth and
environmental destruction. Although the Alberta Oil Sands has destroyed acres of local and global (indirectly) ecosystems, it has achieved and ensured
that Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and political benefits the oil sands give to Canada makes it an irreplaceable asset to
our nation and our global community
The oil sands have always been Canada's major contributor to our economic activity. The oil industry has benefited other industries as well such as
business services, manufacturing, retail, finance and insurance. The economic impacts of the oil sands are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the unequal global distribution of oil deposits, the Alberta Oil Sands has a high value in the world market. In fact, the oil sands make Canada a
leading nation on the world energy market. The prosperity if Canada also generates in more subtle ways. With help of treaties and agreements, even
poor, developing countries can get a fair share of the products of the Oil Sands. It promotes economies partnership and can be used to create
agreements with other countries. If possible, the Alberta Oil Sands could be an ideal sanction against rising, aggressive powers. the long term effects
that the Oil Sands has promoted or contributed to globalization also includes technological breakthroughs, the reduction of cultural barriers and the
interdependence of global nations.
Many critics argue that oil has had too big an impact to our society that we have become too dependant on it. The fact that oil is a non–renewable
resource makes us more vulnerable for the inevitable change in the future. However, oil is arguably the best energy provider in our generation. It is
cheap and easy to develop and transport. It is highly efficient (compared to alternative sources of energy). To simply discontinue the development of
the oil sands would leave huge consequences. The global economy would suffer, as well as, possibly, the quality of lives of people. The unlimited
"need" for oil in our society cannot be limited by government decisions. Rather than changing an
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The Oil Sands Of Alberta
Alberta Oil Industry EC239 section C Instructor: Sharif Khan GROUP MEMBERS Jiayu Weng 133004040 Liang Zhang 114161410 Jingsong
Sun 114161870 Brent Bogdon 130177700 Thurairajah Thilakxshan 130937440 I.INTRODUCTION The Oil Sands of Alberta have been a scene
of controversy since the commercial production of oil began there in 1967. The Oil Sands are underground deposits made up of a mixture of sand,
water, clay, and bitumen (1). The oil extracted from these reserves in Alberta is an integral source of energy used by Canadians on a daily basis, from
transportation to heating. The oil sands are also a major host for jobs not only for the locals in Alberta, but also for all Canadians. Even with such
apparent benefits, there are many who... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore with the growing need for energy in the global markets America decided to loosen trade policy regulations and export crude oil. America
has been able to keep with Saudi Arabia's absurd production of crude oil, causing the price of crude oil to drop. This constant production of crude oil
has brought prices to fall below $40 USD, causing many energy firms in Alberta to make staff and budget cuts. The Alberta oil industry future is grim,
as many companies have already reduced spending plans and has predicted that they will be operating 57% less than 2014. This tremendous hit to the
Oil industry has caused tremors in all other aspects of the economy as the unemployment rate, "immigration" rate, and the real estate market worsens.
Alberta's economy is closely related to the oil industry, thus with the decline of crude oil prices the economy is in an unstable state. III.DATA
ANALYSIS Figure 3–1 Alberta's oil exports has been increased from about $17.1 billion to $76.2 billion and the proportion of oil exports in total
goods exports has also been increasing between 2004 and 2014. In other words, oil exports have become more and more important in Alberta's exports.
Figure 3–2 From 2014, the crude oil price has dropped in a sudden since the global economic downturn, oversupply of crude oil and the appearance of
new energy. Global economy fatigued, and thus the demand of crude oil was not strong,

Alberta Oil Sands Research Paper
Works Cited
Environment, Alberta. Alberta's Oil Sands. Opportunity. Balance. Edmonton, AB: Dept. of Environment, 2008. Print.
This publication from the Government of Alberta's Department of Energy tries to focus on an all–around view of the oil sands. It talks about what they
are, how they work, and environmental problems and solutions. The publication is not nearly as current as some other sources, it was published late
2008. It is free from bias but tries to stay overly optimistic, something is a "challenge" not an environmental concern. Since it is a government source
it is mostly objective but does try to keep the oil sands in a positive view, possibly to benefit our economy. The publication is factual, accurate, and has
a limited bias ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It gives a brief introduction into the oil sands then jumps right into its main topic, covering the environmental effects of mining, carbon emissions,
water use and tailings of the oil sands. This article is an effective contrast to the government publications. The government publications try to stay as
objective as possible but often are biased by omission, and don't always give a clear picture. This article is similar, but fights for the other side. The
government publications tend to paint the oil sands in a positive light, this tries to paint it in a negative light. The article was written by Simon Dyer,
a big name in the oil industry. He is a former director (and current regional director) of the Pembina Institute. They believe that the oil sands has many
problems which need to be addressed, but that, through improvements in the laws and technologies of the oil sands that can be accomplished. Simon
Dyer is an experienced and reliable source and

Case Analysis : Enbridge Inc.
Enbridge Inc. is a Canadian energy company intending to build two opposite flowing parallel pipelines, transporting crude oil westbound from the
rich Athabasca tar sands, and natural gas condensate eastbound from the coast of British Columbia. The purpose of transporting bitumen to the west
coast is in order to have an outlet to the Pacific Ocean and subsequently export to the growing Asian oil markets via oil tankers. Alberta's tar sands
are estimated to have 166 billion barrels of proven reserves as of 2014, and production capacity has reached 2.3 million barrels per day (Government
of Alberta, 2014). The "gateway" to the subsequent Asian markets will thus lead to the intensification of oil extraction to a projected 6.2 million barrels
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The project is high risk, high reward for all the stakeholders involved, which is why Enbridge is being held to such a high standard of safety and
security, with the National Energy Board approving the project under 209 conditions. Costs of constructing the pipeline are estimated to range from
$5.5 to $7.5 Billion. Figure 1– Proposed route of Northern Gateway Pipeline in relation to the Alberta tar sands and the Douglas Channel. Alberta's
tar sands are considered one of the largest crude oil deposits in the world, and remain largely untapped. Out of all Canada's current oil exports, 99%
of it goes to the United States (Government of Canada, 2015). This high dependence leaves the Canadian oil industry susceptible to the (lack of)
demand in American markets. The necessity for the emergence of new oil markets is an imperative concern for Canada, considering the proposed
Keystone XL pipeline faces substantial opposition in the U.S that threatens their reliance on the Canadian oil sands. Investment in the project is
mostly from foreign entities, as Enbridge makes up less than half of the partnership. Major investments are coming from Asia's largest refinery
company Sinopec Corp, China's National Offshore Oil Co. that bought out Calgary's Nexen for a reported $15.1 billion in 2013, and PetroChina,
which have a large stake in the new oil sands

The Alberta Tar Sands Development
What is environmental stewardship, and why is it so important? Well, environmental stewardship is being responsible, with the way we treat the
environment. It is important, because if we destroy our environment, we end up destroying that which provides for us, and ultimately our means of
survival. I am going to talk about the Alberta tar sands development, and about how they are not effectively protecting their environment. This has
already led to negative effects in the surrounding areas. These effects will only continue to worsen, if nothing is done to slow down, or further
prevent them from happening. The Alberta tar sands, is currently the largest construction project taking place in the world, and as such is a very
important development. The Alberta tar sands are a necessary evil, because the world is running out of conventional oil, and they are the last
remnants of oil. All of the easy oil has been discovered, and exploited, and the tar sands is the crude oil that we are left with. As we all know oil is
what makes the world go round, and without it we would be unable to produce enough food, or perform many other important processes. Therefore,
the Alberta tar sands are very essential for keeping the world supplied with oil. However, there are many negative effects from the development, and
refining of the oil from the tar sands, which has caused much environmental damage. The residents of Fort Chipewyan have lived very close with
nature for many generations, and

Petropolis: Aerial Perspectives Of The Alberta Tar Sands
"Petropolis: Aerial Perspectives of the Alberta Tar Sands" was a Greenpeace film produced by Peter Mettler. The shots came primarily from a
helicopter offering an overview of the world's largest industrial energy project. In the beginning of the film, they introduced the term bitumen.
Bitumen comes from the extraction of crude oil and needs a lot of water to produce. They also emphasized Canada's tar sands are an oil reserve the
size of England. During the film, they mostly compared the differences of the forest around it and the tar sand itself. From these strong imagery, it
depicted a sense of a dehumanized world. The natural tailing ponds were dried up. Trees and wildlife were not present. The landscape looked rusty
and muddy with leftover... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They published pictures of oil–drenched dying birds around the world and it became a go–to image for environmental groups fighting against the oil
companies. In fact, studies show that bird casualties from oiling appear to be high for gregarious species, particularly for diving birds. Bird
migration is affected by weather as birds are more likely to land when they encounter headwinds, low temperatures, and precipitation. When birds get
oiled, they suffer from reduced insulation, increased metabolic rate, and hypothermia. The goal for Greenpeace is to raise awareness and gain
international spotlight about the environmental impacts. In a recent article, legions of protesters are still marching against the Keystone XL pipeline
in the U.S on the basis that it will carry tar sands "dirty" oil. As tension builds up, the use of media from both sides got involved. Supporters of the oil
sand are often seen as young, articulate, and well educated. In a series of short advertisements for the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, the
professionals talked about their work in the oil sand industry and why they love building the Alberta brand. Weeks after the supporting advertisements,
Robert Redford, an actor–activist, called the oil sand fuel "dirty" and showed images of floods and tornadoes were linked to carbon pollution from the
oil sands. Later, he admitted they were in a disadvantage from the lack of scientific sounding. As

Stakeholder Concerns : Corporate Management
Stakeholder Concerns
Investors
For most investors, the primary concern is profit on their Calfrac investment. However, a certain group of investors also consider social good as an
issue of great importance and as a result, practice social investing. Another major concern for an overwhelming majority of investors is the amount of
risk they take on. These investors consider the amount of risk an ownership stake in a company entails and choose not to invest in companies that are
over exposed to a single industry, have a track record of inefficient management or are operating in a dying industry etc.
Calfrac has recently disclosed that its board of directors have approved a $12 million plan to further the expansion in Latin America (Healing, 2015).
This shows that Calfrac's management is committed to making the company more valuable thus satisfying the investors' need for a strong ROI. The
expansion also reduces Calfrac's risk due to the fact that it is becoming more diversified and won't take substantial losses in case one of its regional
operations face a downturn. To satisfy ethical investors, Calfrac has taken a strong lean towards corporatesocial responsibility. The company makes an
effort to reduce its environmental footprint through the use of efficient technology and was recognized by United Way as a "Community Builder" in
2014, further increasing Calfrac's reputation as a socially responsible company.
Employees
Some of the concerns for employees include opportunities

Athabasca River Case Study
Recommendations from Solving the Puzzle
Land
Establish 50% protected areas
The Alberta Government should legislatively protect at least 50% of its public forest lands from industrial development. Protected areas should be
developed and co–managed with Aboriginal peoples.
Implement a wetlands and biodiversity offset policy
Require establishment of biodiversity offsets for all oil sands development to offset impacts to all habitat types. To ensure a net positive environmental
benefit and address existing cumulative effects, offsets should be established with a 3:1 offset ratio – three hectares of land should be conserved or
restored for every hectare of new disturbance that occurs within the Boreal Forest Natural Region.
Set maximum levels of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Water
Protect the Athabasca River from water withdrawals during low flow periods
Alberta Environment should complete a water management plan that identifies a science–based Ecosystem Base Flow (EBF) for the lower Athabasca
River, as a low–flow threshold below which all water withdrawals would cease. The EBF should be legally enforceable and all water permits issued by
the Alberta Government at any one time should be accountable to meet that EBF. In the interim, the low–flow threshold for the lower Athabasca River
should be at least 100 m3/s.
Define sustainable groundwater yield
Measure and map the quantity and quality of groundwater and surface/groundwater interactions, to determine both the short and long–term sustainable
yield of non–saline groundwater in the Lower Athabasca's groundwater management areas. Set legal requirements to implement and enforce the
sustainable yield of

Alberta Oil Sand Analysis
Oil has become extremely vital in our society, so vital that it has affected developed and developing countries. It is a massive contributor to economic
growth as well as environmental destruction. The Alberta Oil Sands has destroyed acres of local ecosystems, but has also achieved and ensured that
Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and political benefits the oil sands give to Canada makes it an asset they can not
function without. The oil sands have been Canada's major contributor to their economic activity for many years. The oil industry has led to benefits for
other industries such as business services, manufacturing, retail, finance and insurance. The impacts of the oil sands economically can also be seen in
the national employment rates and statistics. People are immigrating from countries outside of Canada and other regions of Canada to move to Alberta
in order to get high–paying jobs from the development of the oil sands. Recently Canada's cost for oil has increased and oil sands producers are
struggling as oil prices begin to plummet, and even the most efficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This project is not only valued by the province, country, and the entire world but it is also valued by Albertans themselves. As of July 2013, there
were 114 recorded oil sands projects located in Alberta. This goes to show how big the project is. Employment is a one of the biggest benefits of the
oil sands project. In 2012, around 121,500 people were working for Alberta's upstream energy sector, which includes conventional oil and gas, and
mining (Alberta Government). Estimated profit from the projects was around $3.56 billion in 2012–2013 and is still growing. This revenue is used to
help fund many public services in Alberta. Within the next 25 years employment on the oil sands is expected to grow to over 500,000 jobs; and is
currently affecting the jobs of 112,000 people throughout

Oil Sands Essay
Canada has always had extensive deposits of oil sands, and has been a fascination to the explorers and settlers of earliest Canada, when Europeans
saw how First Nations people used it to water proof their birch bark canoes. That being said, the majority of oil sands in Canada are contained in
Alberta. Alberta's oil reserves play an important role in the Canadian and global economy, supplying stable, reliable energy to the world. Alberta 's
oil sands have been described by Time Magazine as "Canada 's greatest buried energy treasure." (Alberta) Oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of
sand, clay or other minerals, water and bitumen, which is a heavy and extremely viscous oil that must be treated before it can be used by refineries to...
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The process of making synthetic crude oil requires an enormous amount of water, especially in the separation process. Each barrel of oil requires two
tons of oil sands and up to five barrels of hot water. Water is also needed along with electricity to convert it steam. The steam is pushed by steam
injections making bitumen less viscous. It is quite evident that oil sands are not practical in terms of its process. Also three–quarters of the bitumen can
be recovered from the sands, leaving behind 25% as waste. With the technology in our present society, oil sands are not entirely practical in terms of
efficiency; however, in the future, this may change. To reflect, there are many disadvantages associated with oil sands, especially in the way it is
processed. As the issue of global warming becomes more prevalent, we must evaluate choices that are "green" or do not impact our environment in a
negative way. Thus, the impacts of oil sands as an energy resource on the environment will be discussed. The Canadian and Global environment take
the hardest hits from the tar sands. Depleting and contaminating water, air pollution, processed lands and tailing ponds are left barren with their
geology disrupted, and take years to generate new life. Wildlife patterns and populations are disturbed, and greenhouse gases are emitted at an
incredible rate, to accompany the huge expense of natural gases. The oil sands do not just produce

Suncor Energy Swot Analysis
Suncor Energy
Business overviewSuncor Energy Inc. is an integrated energy company strategically focused on developing one of the world's largest petroleum basins
– Canada's Athabasca oil sands.
Business focusTheir oil sands (a mixture of bitumen, sand and water) operations.
MissionWe create energy for a better world.
VisionTo be trusted stewards of valuable natural resources. Guided by our values, we will lead the way to deliver economic prosperity, improved social
well–being and a healthy environment for today and tomorrow.
ValuesSafety above all else. Do it safely, or don't do it.
Respect. Being our best. Giving our best. Showing we care.
Raise the bar. Pursue with passion. Always add value.
Commitments matter. We are all connected and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.Collaboration with strong brands In 2009, Suncor merged with Petro–Canada (a network of more than 1,500 retail and wholesale outlets across
Canada). In 2011, Suncor entered a major strategic alliance with Total E&P Canada Ltd, a subsidiary of French oil and gas giant Total SA to jointly
develop oil sands projects in Canada.
3.Ranks at #553 in 2016 in the Forbes Global 2000 list
4.Strong resource base
a.Close to 13,000 employees
b.An average age of 40 – a dynamic mix of newcomers and experienced professionals
c.A diversity of skills, expertise and culture – people from all parts of Canada, North America and the globe.
5.Strong transportation network Suncor's Pipelines group manages over 1,700 km of pipelines across Canada and the United States
6.Technological advancements Suncor pioneered oil sands development. Suncor's early investments in technology helped unlock the potential of the oil
sands by improving reliability and performance, expanding productivity and driving down costs while reducing our environmental

Kinder Morgan 's Trans Mountain Pipeline
groups frequently assumes a critical part in the endorsements procedure (Denstedt, 2014). 'If it weren 't for the oil, my people would be in poverty
right now ': Fort McKay chief Jim Boucher
Kinder Morgan 's Trans Mountain pipeline has been intensely restricted by numerous First Nations, however voices on the opposite side of the gap
developed to dispatch a solid support of the oil patch. Chief Jim Boucher told the Assembly of First Nations ' gathering in Gatineau, Que, that his group
has seen a budgetary benefit from its inclusion in oil and gas extraction and that environmentalists ought to be overlooked on the grounds that they are
at fault across the board regarding poverty in Canada 's north. His people of Fort McKay, north of Fort McMurray, the epicenter of the oil sands, has
an unemployment rate of zero, an average yearly per person income of $120,000 and monetary possessions in overabundance of $2 billion. That cash
has been pumped into education, long haul care for seniors and other foundation ventures. With regards to pipelines and oil sands improvement, it is
reasonable from Jim Boucher's peoples' point of view that they have to accomplish more, he said, amid an open session on energy strategy at the
exceptional
Pipelines 7 assembly. He said, that we need the oil sands; if not for the oil his people would be in destitution at this moment. The chief said his group
is really self–overseeing, just four percent of its income originates from the government and other

Essay on Bolster Electronics: Dealing with Dealer Demands
To: CEO
From: Mr Rob Jackson, General Sales Manager
Date: 28 May, 2011
Subject: Response to Vickers Industrial Supplies request for distributorship
With reference to the Vickers Industrial Supplies request for a distributorship and associated pricing discount, I have prepared a decision report to assist
you in taking a decision. The report contains the analysis of the situation, the options available, my recommendation and an action plan. The
recommendation has been arrived at by evaluating the options based on criteria which are aligned with the company's objectives.
Please find attached the report.
Enclosure: Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Vickers Industrial Supplies has requested for a distributorship and a pricing discount as it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has resulted in northern Alberta being Bolster's highest market share region. It is also a very unique dealer of Bolster as it directly obtains the
supply from the company. It has a highly trained sales team which Bolster helped them develop. It is maintaining a stock of inventory comparable to
distributor's operations and has a sales force to sell to local dealers as well as end–users. All this has resulted in exceptional customer service and
excellent customer relationship, which are the crucial determinants of sales in harsh environment electronic surveillance market.
The market in the oil sands area of Fort McMurray is developing fast and it is imperative for Bolster to have an increasing presence there, to tap the
market potential. Vickers has a sales experience of 20 years in the Northern Alberta region which is essential for increasing Bolster's market share in
this region. Bolster's national distributors Albright Industries (Albright) and National Electronic (National) are unlikely to expand in this region in the
near future because the former has no presence in western Canada whereas the latter has not shown any keen interest despite repeated requests. The
warehouse of National is located in southern Alberta which makes it further difficult to source their products in northern part of the province. As

Oil And Gas Industry : A Canadian Necessity
Albertan Oil: A Canadian Necessity
Alberta's oil and gas industry is a major necessity to the economic well being of the Canadian nation as a whole. This can be clearly seen with regards
to the federals governments Equalization plan in which Alberta has not received a payment since the 1960's. Although the oil and gas industry is
detrimental to the environment, it is a necessity to the life the majority of Canadians take for granted and the notion that we can simply turn off the oil
spigot and turn to natural resources without detrimental economic and societal impacts is unfounded, unrealistic, and without logic.
Advocates for the end of the production of oil and gas in Northern Alberta and Saskatchewan claim that Canada could function without the oil sands
(commonly referred to as "tar sands" which is improper as oil will not harder as tar will). This statement can be supported, but not without oil. Oil
would have to be imported on an ever–larger scale than it currently is, requiring increased pipelines from the costal regions to more central Canadian
locations. This would be seen as problematic to these environmental groups who oppose such pipeline developments. These advocates often suggest
alternative methods of energy ignoring the consequences of these alternatives.
Without the oil and gas industry the federal government of Canada would be required to rework its' equalization plan, and all Canadians as a result
would see a decrease in economic prosperity even

Nexen/Cnooc Company Analysis
Nexen/CNOOC company analysis
Executive summary Nexen is an oil & gas exploration and production company that operates out of Calgary Alberta, Canada. They are a well–run,
profitable, and responsible company that operates in 7 countries and does both onshore and offshore drilling for conventional oil & gas, shale gas, and
oil sands. Their board of directors has recently unanimously agreed to a $15.1 billion buyout by China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC),
which is currently under review by the Canadian government. Nexen employs a knowledge–based workforce of highly skilled workers and uses state
of the art technology in the oil & gas exploration and production industry. However, the combination of the small... Show more content on
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The company employs numerous petroleum engineers who examine geological samples to determine if there are oil & gas properties to be
developed and produced around the world. They concentrate their efforts in areas that are known hot spots and actively search for new areas
around the world as they try to gain a first mover advantage in a new oil region. They strive to operate successfully through strong leadership,
talented employees, and cutting edge technology, as well as working collaboratively with their stakeholders (Nexen). The company's closest
competitors are Canadian Natural Resources Limited, EnCana Corporations, Talisman Energy Group Inc., and Canadian Oil Sands Limited. One of
the company's major assets is the research and development of state of the art technology to reach and unlock gas & oil deposits. They implement
the use of hydraulic fracturing technology to unlock unconventional gas assets, are able to drill up to 34,000 feet deep into the Gulf of Mexico to
access oil deposits below the gulf floor, and implementing gasification technology which uses steam to separate oil deposits from the sand in the
northern Alberta oil sands (Nexen's way). The company has been successful to date, however their lack of resources and capital has limited their
growth and expansion, as well as the $4.3 billion debt that they currently have (Financial Post 2). This is why the

Oil Sand Research Paper
Summary
Oil Sand: The sand industry in Alberta is the biggest project in the today world. The oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, water, clay and
another kind of natural resources and bitumen. Bitumen is heavy and extremely sticky oil that must be treated before it can be used to create usable
fuels such as petroleum, gasoline and diesel. Alberta oil reserves play an important role in the Canadian as well as the global economy, supplying
stable and reliable energy to the world. Alberta provides cheaper oil to Canada but gains profit by shipping to the United States. Moreover,oil sands
development benefits all Canadian through employment opportunities and it brings significant economic and social benefits for local communities ...
I would like to share my viewpoint besides this industry does have environmental side effects; we cannot overlook a number of jobs this industry is
providing to the job seeker. According to environment journalists, oil refineries emit a lot of greenhouse gasses, but this scenario is also covered up
with the requirement to develop further on research and development of many eco–friendly techniques for the extraction of oil from the mining.
Even, the government should establish laws and regulations to deal with the problem of greenhouse effects. They should plant the more plants and
even grow double the number they chop down to establish the industry. As this provides more revenues for the federal government, even the
government should play a vital role to sustain the ecological balance between environment and industry. Federal should introduce new land laws for the
security of locals and proper exchange transactions

The Pioneer Development And Application Of Tar Sands...
The pioneer in development and application of tar sands technology is unquestionably Great Canadian Oil Sand LTD (GCOS). Which was primarily
own by an American company. In 1964 GCOS began construction, in 1968 they began commercial production.– operated at a huge loss with "Even,
so GCOS operated at a loss for 8 years... [They gained a] profit of $25 million the last 2 years, the company still has an operating deficit of 54
million. The companies need to worry constantly about replacing buckets, cleaning machinery and those are costly material. Imperial oil was
controlling the section with the first deep tar sands that was exploited at Cold lake, where reserves estimated at about 160 billion barrels. Lots of
companies like, BP Canada Ltd., Hudson's Bay oil and Gas Ltd. and AOSTRA are studying a combustion method employing steam injection and in situ
combustion 6 requiring the oil the companies were able to choose from two major was of extracting oil. Mining of bitumen involves the open–face
mining of oil sands ore. Ore is transported to a central processing plant, where the bitumen is separated from the sand and subsequently upgraded to
synthetic crude oil. Mining can only be effective for bitumen deposits located sufficiently close to the surface. In situ bitumen extraction refers to the
extraction of bitumen directly from the ground. As the bitumen does not flow naturally at the reservoir temperature, the viscosity of the bitumen must
first be lowered to allow the bitumen

Economic Benefits Of The Alberta Tar Sands Outweigh The...
Do the economic benefits of the Alberta tar sands outweigh the environmental costs? World needs energy and Alberta need the oil sands to
strengthen the economy. When considering Canada, especially Alberta has been in the oil market, bringing heaps of economic benefits to the
country. Besides, energy has turned out to be one of the essential and basic needs, mandatory for the economic progress of a nation. Depending on
consumption of the main energy sources, oil is used in a percentage of around 38%, gas is around 21% and also, coal is around 28%. As the
developing countries and developed world continue to grow rapidly, many obstacles arise from our dependence on these burnable energies. The
availability and consumption of energy resources need to be related to the costs of the global economy and as well as to the ecological impacts.
Mainly, the environmental risks associated with energy consumption are related to oil abstraction and their discharge related problems. In addition,
these natural resources like coal, oil and gases generate difficulties in both ways, while extracting as well in their use. Besides, the other main problem
is the supply of these fuels from other countries and they highly rely on transportation methods or pipe lines which could cause massive destruction to
our nature. And at the same time, many arguments take place in regard to the damage cause by these oil sands. Yet, there are no primary energy
origins which are free of economic or

The Pros And Cons Of LNG
Like other fossil fuels, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a point of controversy in Canada. For the West Coast in particular, the processing and exporting
of LNG is a complicated issue that has amassed both significant support and opposition. Steelhead LNG's proposed natural gas liquefaction plant for
the Bamberton site is one such project that has been affected by a downturn in the LNG market, increased opposition by environmentalists, and legal
setbacks. Even with an export permit approved by the National Energy Board and a contract with the Malahat Nation, the possibility of the project
moving into the development stage is diminishing. Due to the economic, environmental, and legal issues, the proposed Malahat LNG project is
unlikely to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact that power of the municipal governments is delegated from the province, they do not have the authority over LNG projects . First
Nations also have the legal right to be consulted over any Crown project that may adversely affect their treaty and non–treaty rights . The Malahat LNG
project will have to go through the approval processes of both the federal and provincial governments and meet all of the consultation obligations to the
First Nations before it can move forward.
Liquefied natural gas has garnered both substantial support and extensive opposition. The BC Liberal party has promoted LNG. In 2013, then BC
Premier Christy Clark announced the establishment of the BC Prosperity Fund, which would create new jobs and decrease the provincial debt through
the development of LNG projects. The BC Green Party leader Andrew Weaver has been vocal against LNG, worrying that the development of projects
like this will significantly set BC back in terms of decreasing its carbon emissions. The recently elected BC NDP government has stated that that it will
"increase the environmental obligations for LNG companies that want to do business in the province," meaning that the NDP's will conditionally be
supporting LNG projects.
There are currently disparities between the First Nations communities along the Saanich Peninsula in regards to the Malahat LNG project. The Malahat
Nation supports the project, and is

A Brief Note On Canadian Oil Company With Oil Sands
Cenovus is a Canadian oil company with oil sands operations in northern Alberta that use specialized methods like steam–assisted gravity drainage
(SAGD) to drill and pump the oil to the surface (Cenovus Energy, 2015g). Cenovus currently has two producing SAGD projects in the oil sands–
Foster Creek and Christina Lake; our project is based on the latter, as well as several emerging projects which are in various stages of development.
Their advanced technology allows them to operate safely, efficiently, and in an environmentally friendly way, that is also cost effective (Cenovus
Energy, 2015c). The major issue facing oil companies is the major drop in oil prices. Even so, Cenovus' operations in Christina Lake can remain
profitable even at... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Methodology We agreed that throughout our research, we must use different methods in order to collect the most valuable and appropriate
information. We used the Cenovus Energy Inc. website, online newspapers, journals, and magazine articles. Moreover, we used several other sources,
such as Yahoo Finance, the Bloomberg Terminal, the Globe and Mail, Gurufocus and the Oilsands Review to gather specific data, such as financial
statements and the company 's capital expenditures. Also we employed formal methods and ratios to collect numerical data to estimate the size and
timing of all the cash flows from the project. The Cenovus Energy Inc. website is a reliable source that is rich in information. When we were
browsing the website, it was easy to follow and find the information needed because of the clear organization and listings on the home page.
Furthermore, we were able to find information related to emerging oil projects, operations, and corporate responsibility. Also, we could find news
releases and track the status of the project we were focusing on. Throughout our research process, we came across many informative newspapers,
journals, and magazine articles relevant to the project. The newspaper articles provided us with information about events that we tied to certain changes
in the financial statements and stock prices of the company. Simultaneously, news

The Athabasca Oil Sands In Canada
The Alberta Oil Sands
Situated in Canada, Alberta's three oil sand areas are known as the Athabasca oil sands, the Cold Lake oil sands, and the Peace River oil sands. The
sands are worth approximately $1 trillion and they are the largest export in the industry. Currently, the oil provides jobs for about 514,000 people
across Canada, and in 2028 this is expected to grow to over 800,000 jobs1. In Canada, almost every community has been touched by the oil sands
development through the impact it has on economic growth and job creation, according to the Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI)2.
The Benefits of the Oil Sands
By generating billions of dollars, the oil sand deposits are largely helping boost Canada's economy. The oil sands also... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Canadian government will not stop the production of crude oil in the sands even though, the Government of Alberta's most ambitious goal is to
have emissions stabilized by 20205. Their target is a 14 percent reduction in GHGs (Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions) by 20505. Environmental
companies such as Greenpeace and others are trying to reach out to the First Nations and the landowners that are affected by the tar sands. They also
have met with Canadian and international shareholders in oil companies to discuss the investment risks associated with the sands. Lots of people are
now realizing what will be the consequences if Alberta is continuously mined at this rate.
We Must Do our Part
I believe that we must take immediate action to help preserve our world to conserve it for the future inhabitants. This can be done by donating money
to environmental companies such as Greenpeace, and creating awareness about the future problems and current disasters. We must reduce our carbon
footprint usage along with making an effort to limit the amount of the crude oil produced in Alberta. If we all strive to put an honest effort, then we
can all live a healthier and more enjoyable

Stand Against Seal Hunt and Pipelines in Canada
RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
"Protesters (left) gather near the Canadian embassy in Paris, France, to protest the annual seal hunt in Canada.
The word "honte" on the Canadian flag means "shame.""
Inuit communities are exempted from seal product restrictions and are allowed to hunt up to 400,000 seals ( a quota set by the government)
This is because it is part of their culture
There's growing demand for seal skin coats, boots, slippers and other products in the province and across Canada
Fur is also still going to markets in China and other parts of Asia
Our federal government is fighting the European Union's ban on seal products through the World Trade Organization
European General Court dismissed a Canadian challenge of the EU ban ^^^^^
The federal Fisheries Department says that starting 2014, all licence holders taking part in the commercial seal hunt will have to complete training on
its accepted three–step process for killing seals
"The training program is working, and we have to continue at that so that sealers will operate in what we call a professional manner and treat the
animals humanely and with respect," Frank Pinhorn executive director of the Canadian Sealers Association.
The province has vigorously defended the seal hunt as a vital income source for struggling outports that rely on that cash to help fund the rest of the
fishing season.
"And what I saw this year was exactly what I see every year: seals were wounded and left to suffer crawling through

Case Study: The Northern Gateway Pipeline Project
On Wednesday, May 16, 2018, a town hall meeting was held at AREA to determine whether or not to advance and increase the production of oil sands
and the Northern Gateway Pipeline project. Nine groups attended with various insights regarding the oil sands production and the Northern Gateway
pipeline project.
Oil sands are a combination of sand, water, clay, and bitumen. Extraction of oil sands can createpetroleum products that are efficient. With several
economic advantages of importing such a powerful source of energy, Enbridge proposed the Northern Gateway pipeline project which was a plan to
build twin pipelines from Bruderheim, Alberta to Kitimat, British Columbia for the transportation of natural gas and diluted bitumen from the Athabasca

Athabasca Oil Sands: A Case Study
Introduction
The Athabasca oil sands are the second largest producer of crude oil in the world, with a surface area of approximately 100 000 square kilometres
(Anderson, Giesy & Wiseman, 2010). The Alberta Energy and Utilities Board estimates that the oil sands contains approximately 1.7 trillion barrels of
crude bitumen, however only 19% can be ultimately recovered (Raynolds, Severson–Baker & Woynillowicz, 2005; Humphries, 2008). The availability
of recoverable bitumen makes Canada's oil sands deposit larger even than that of Saudi Arabia (Czarnecki, Hamza, Masliyah, Xu & Zhou, 2004).The
process of surface and in situ mining of the Athabasca oil sands is causing rapid and significant degradation of the regional environment surrounding ...
The steam acts as a separating agent to isolate the bitumen from the other constituents (Anderson et al., 2010). Bitumen that is extracted by in situ
processes is upgraded into more valuable synthetic crude and then refined into fuel for gasoline or diesel. The remaining bitumen is directly processed
as raw (Bergenson, Charpentier, & MacLean, 2009).
Water Resources and the Athabasca River
The mining processes of the Athabasca oil sands directly affect water resources surrounding the mining pits, specifically the Athabasca River and its
tributaries. Water use has been identified by the Alberta Chamber of Resources as a top four challenge of oil sands mining processes (Raynolds et al.,
2005). The extraction of bitumen requires freshwater in large quantities, on a scale of 2–4 barrels of water for every barrel of oil produced (Anderson
et al., 2010).
Tailings is what becomes of the water used in the extraction of oil. It is a slurry of bitumen, water, sand, silt and clay particles. Tailings ponds, which
are actually man–made structures, take up more than 50 square kilometres of land in northern Alberta (Raynolds et al., 2005). The water that is used in
the extraction of oil separates from the other constituents in tailings ponds as the sediments settle on the bottom, and is pumped back to the extraction
plant to be reused. Tailings ponds present environmental risks to freshwater resources due to the

Environmental Assessment Of The Alberta Tar Sands
What is environmental stewardship, and why is it so important? Well, environmental stewardship is being responsible, with the way we treat the
environment. It is important, because if we destroy our environment, we end up destroying that which provides for us, and ultimately our means of
survival. We are going to talk about the Alberta tar sands development, and about how they are not effectively protecting their environment. This has
already led to negative effects in the surrounding areas. These effects will only continue to worsen, if nothing is done to slow down, or further prevent
them from happening. The Alberta tar sands, is currently the largest construction project taking place in the world, and as such is a very important ...
It brought with it deforestation, and large amounts of pollution, which have had a large impact on their small community.
This has led to the water supply becoming tainted with arsenic, and other toxic chemicals, which has mutated the fish. It has also led to an increased
number of cancer, and brain tumor patients in the town of Fort Chipewyan, due to their exposure to these toxins. The Alberta government claims that
the tar sands development leaves the Athabasca Lake unaffected, but I don 't believe that for a minute. They say that any contamination found in the
river comes from natural bitumen seeps. It is very obvious from the number of cancer patients in Fort Chipewyan, and the deformed fish from the lake
that the tar sands is the cause. I believe that the tailings ponds used by the tar sands are not properly lined, and that is leading to their toxic contents
contaminating the river. The Dene land was taken by the government for the development of the tar sands, without their consent. As such, the law
states that the Dene have the right to hunt, and fish, on that land. The main reason that they hunt, and fish is for subsistence, as it is a traditional part
of their way of life. Sadly, it will be no point in hunting, and fishing because the prey will be far too dangerous to eat, due to its exposure to toxic
chemicals from the tar sands.
There was a press

CanadaВґs Oil Sands Essay
Introduction
The statement 'Canada oil sands are much more of a blessing rather than a curse' is not true because the disadvantages of oil sands outweigh the
advantages. For this reason, this paper aims at indicating points against the statement. To understand the defects of oil sand exploration in Canada, one
has to delve into the explanation of what oil sands are as well as how the entire process of mining and refining and thereafter, determine the
disadvantages based on socioeconomic factors, environmental factors, as well as the infrastructure and energy required for its production.
Oil sands are unconventional petroleum deposits that consist of loose sand and partially consolidated sand stone that contains natural mixtures of ...
Levi (2009) states that, the oil sand in Canada could adversely influence the growth of not only Canada but U.S.A as well. He states that since the
oil sand deposits can be depleted any time, then this availability would greatly reduce the amount of oil in both Canada as well as the surrounding
countries. He also states that the dependence of America on the stability on the Middle East for its oil supply could lead to economic crisis in case
the reserves get depleted reducing the amount of revenue available for use in the countries. The oil sands production could also lead to the regulation
of oil prices, as it is able to meet the demand of the oil levels required thus reducing or depletion of reserves could result in instability of prices.
The other adverse effect of the Canadian oil sands is that pipelines and massive processes of refining oil sands in Canada are a source of pollution that
pose a great threat to air, water, and land as well as human health. Additionally, the use of its products like natural gas that is used to run medium
–sized
turbines that produce electricity releases greenhouse gases. These emissions are mostly produced when steam is injected to reduce the viscosity of the
crude and during refining. These further increases to the global warming effect that is already out of hand and it also negates the gains made by
society by exposing them to the adverse negative

How Social Vulnerabilities Are Important Within Disaster...
Throughout history there have been various definitions present on what a disaster is and the effects that it contains in relation to the environment and
residents within the area. Society often has specific dominant worldviews in regards to disasters, which can pertain to or focus around disasters being
seen as a "hazard", "unlucky", or an "unavoidable " event (Scandlyn et al, 2009). Generally, many individuals tend to reflect on definitions in relation to
conventional theories because the media often prioritizes disasters as being catastrophic or an end of the world phenomenon. What these individuals
fail to understand is the importance of recognizing that we cannot only view disasters in this way, however we must also understand how... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Exploring social vulnerabilities is important to look at because its helps to understand how many residents such as indigenous individuals within the
Athabasca region are disregarded as being important due to the marginalization their community faces. In addition, considering economic vulnerabilities
allows for individuals to realize that the Canadian economy is more important rather than the livelihood of Alberta residents. These residents are faced
with economic vulnerabilities such as relocation of their homes as well as an increased cost of living. Lastly, this paper will investigate the
environmental vulnerabilities such as poor environmental management leading to an increased risk of climate change as well as the health issues that
local residents face.
It is important to understand that when the Alberta tar sands were created, companies such as Suncor, Imperial oil, Petro Canada and so forth were not
concerned with the residents living within the area. Since the tar sands development occupies a great amount of space in northern Alberta, this project
has affected indigenous communities such as the Mikisew Cree and Althabasca Chipewyan (Dobson et al., 2014). This land was home to both of these
indigenous communities before Alberta's government decided to put forth expansions within these areas. As a result,

Alberta Tar Sands Sustainability Report
Alberta Tar Sands Sustainability Report
Introduction
Tar sands are a combination of clay, sand, water, and bitumen. As a type of unconventional petroleum deposit, tar sands are found in many places
worldwide, the largest deposits are found in Alberta, Canada. The Alberta tar sand deposits contain more than 70.8% of the world 's reserves of natural
bitumen which representing 40% of the world's combined extra–heavy crude oil and crude bitumen reserves. It is the only bitumen deposits that are
economically recoverable for conversion to synthetic crude oil at the price range of $25–$35 per barrel. Although substantial amount of the world 's oil
is in the form of tar sands, it is not all recoverable. Study shows that the world's total natural ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Resource Use:
Grade: F
First of all, the mining of bitumen burns enough natural gas every day that can heat 6 million homes. It takes more than 3 million barrels of fresh
water a day to produce 1 billion barrels of bitumen, 2 tons of earth excavation and sand to make 1 barrel of bitumen, about 2 tons of tar sands are
required to produce 1barrel of oil and then 90% of the polluted water are dumped in the world's largest impoundments of toxic waste which are the
tailing pounds along the Athabasca River. If tar sands growth goes unchecked an area the size of Florida will become a wasteland. A single incident,
in 2008, 1,600 ducks died after landing in the tailing pounds of syncrude tar sands mine. It is not only destructive to ancestral lands, habitat, both on
land and water but also causes enormous GHG emissions. Data shows that oil sands are Canada's largest source of CO2 emissions.
That being said, the development of tar sand oil will never be sustainable.
Wealth:
Grade: D
The tar sand oil project mostly benefits the pipeline transport companies like Keystone and Enbridge. Even though the project does create job for the
natives and locals, but the benefit to the people will never be even close to the social environmental cost that they put in, that Canadians put in.
Governance:
Grade: F
The government has surrendered the fate of this resource–rich country to

Avatar: The Athabasca Oil Sands
Manufacturing oil is the most important job for those who live in Northern Alberta. In the Athabasca oil sands workers have produced oil since
1967. The industry has created more than a million jobs for workers and is the third largest in the world. Producing 2.3 million barrels of oil a day
and expanding the oil sands are exploring some conflicts. The 30 different first nation groups in the surrounding areas oppose to this issue. The
problem in the Athabasca Oil Sands is similar to the movie Avatar. In Avatar, earth is losing its resources and therefore we decide to move to Pandora
to get the mineral unobtanium. However,in order to get unobtanium on Pandora safely the Navi population in Pandora must leave. The Na'vi don't
want to lose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Na'vi people in Avatar are having immense conflict with people and the first nations in Canada are having problems as well. First of all,
because of the infrastructure lots of the land of the first nations and Navi is being cleared out. In the Oil Sands thousands of acres of land has been
cleared out in the boreal forest for the industry and in the movie the bulldozers have destroyed thousands of trees and animals. Furthermore, the Navi
lose their habitat the home tree during the movie because of the people's attacks on Pandora. Also in both situations the first nation groups and the
Na'vi are not interested in the resources. They are willing to allow the companies and forces to take the resources as long as their environment and
themselves don't get harmed. However, along with similarities there are some differences in both worlds. The government is willing to help out the
first nations who live near the oil sands. There are over 17,000 first nations who live in the surrounding areas who work in the oil sands. On top of
that, the government has gave 5.4 million dollars in support of the first nations. Instead of providing help in the film the Na'vi people get treated badly.
Pandora gets attacked several times by humans to force out the Navi. We kill thousands of Navi for our own good. Furthermore, we attack their habitat
and engage in battle with them. Another difference between the two

Pros And Cons Of Oil Sand
4 Aldersbrook Avenue
London, ON N9K 4A4
May 12th, 2018
Don Thompson
478 Pasta Road
Edmonton, AB Q8I 4P9
Dear Mr. Thompson:
I have watched the YouTube video called "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future". I have several concerns regarding some of the statements that
you and a few others made during the video. I believe that when it comes to oil sands, there are a lot more negatives than positives that come with them.
All oil sand companies are supposed to reclaim lands that have been disturbed due to oil sand operations to their natural state. 10% of the land that has
been used by oil sand companies has been reclaimed to their natural state since 1967. That means that the other 90% of the land has not been returned
to its natural state. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I hope that we will be able to improve the situation regarding the oil sands.
Yours Truly,
Adam Csucs
Work Citied
"Tar Sands Facts." Indigenous Environmental Network, www.ienearth.org/tar–sands–facts/. May 13
Energynownews. "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future." Online video clip. YouTube. YouTube, 21 Sept 2011. Web. 13 May 2018. "Canada's
Oil Patch Expects Production Increase through 2030." The Globe and Mail, The Globe and Mail, 25 Mar. 2017, www.theglobeandmail.com
/report–on–business/industry–news/energy–and–resources/oil–sands–output–seen–growing–need–for–new–pipelines–urgent–industry–group
/article30571357/. May 13
UNUniversity. "How Things Work: Canada's Oil Sands." Our World, ourworld.unu.edu/en/canadas
–oil–sands. May

Pros And Cons Of Tar Sands
The Alberta tar sands has always been a hot political issue in Canada, and over the years citizens have not seen any change, except a progression in the
development of the also–known Athabasca tar (oil) sands. Before taking a leap and stating my personal side on this issue, I will give an overview on
the tar sands. Tar sands are made of clay, sand and crude oil known as bitumen. What the oil corporations are interested in is the oil coming from the
tar sands that boosts the economy of the business, the community, and the country. The process of extracting oil from tar requires an abundance of heat
and water. "For each barrel of tar–sands oil produced, between 2 and 4.5 barrels of water is required" (Thomas–MГјller, Clayton, Canadian Dimension.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Indigenous people's concerns are never put on the spotlight. Throughout Canadian history, we know that the Aboriginals were treated
unfairly and we know that treaties were signed as a way to cease the gap between Canada's past inequalities. As much as the Alberta tar sands are an
environmental issue, they also are a concerning human rights and Indigenous treaty–rights issue. The First Nations communities of Fort McMurray,
Fort McKay and Fort Chipewyan are located along and in the core of the tar sands deposits in Alberta. The Aboriginal treaties 8 and 11 "ensure that
Lands of First Nations should not be taken away from them by massive, uncontrolled development, threatening their culture and traditional way of life"
(Thomas–MГјller, Clayton, Canadian Dimension. Mar/Apr2008). "If we don't have land and we don't have anywhere to carry out our traditional
lifestyles, we lose who we are as a people. So, if there's no land, then its equivalent in our estimation to genocide of a people" says George Poitras of
the Mikisew Cree First Nation (Thomas–MГјller, Clayton, Canadian

The Expansion Of The Oil Sands
Canada has always been a leader in the oil sands industry. Over the past few years there has been controversy in Canada over oil production. Some
say we should continue to expand the production of oil and others say we should try to reduce our production. The first article "Why Canada needs to
develop the oil sands" by Konrad Yakabuski argues thatCanada should continue to expand the oil sands. Contradictory to the first article, the second
article "Stop oilsands expansion, Canadian and U.S. researchers say" argues that Canada should stop expanding the oil sands. In this paper both
articles are summarized and compared based on factors that could influence the reader. In this paper I will argue that the article that supports the
expansion of the oil sands is more convincing as it is better organized and the writing style makes the reader think about the issue more so than the
other article. The first article "Why Canada needs to develop the oil sands" by Konrad Yakabuski argues the point that Canada should continue the
expansion of the oil sands. The article first addresses the critics to the plan to expand the oil sands as it states that critics "warn that Canada risks
becoming a petro–state akin to Iran or Nigeria". The next couple of paragraphs address this statement and the author points out that overall our
economy is very diverse and the oil sands are unlikely to expand so much that our economy is totally reliant on them. The next point the article brings
up

The World 's Largest Proven Oil Reserves
Introduction
Canada holds the distinction of having World 's 3rd largest proven Oil reserves. The province of Alberta alone contains 98% of all these reserves,
discovered in Canada (1). This is why Alberta holds the key position in Canadian economy as Canada is the fourth largest exporter of the oil and it
makes up almost one–quarter of Canada 's exports as well as Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Almost 99% of Alberta oil reserves are contained in oil
sands and the remaining 1% are present as conventional crude oil. According to an estimation, Oil sands contain up to 168 billion barrels of oil and
conventional crude oil makes up to 1.5 billion barrels (1). But, with the passage of time, there has been a shift in the global economy with the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Less than a hundred years later, in 1875 the first ever government–sponsored geological study was carried out by John Macoun. Charles Mair, a
recording secretary traveling with the David Laird Treaty expedition of 1899, described the future of Athabasca river region as 'substance of great
economic value '. In his words "when the hour of development comes, it will, I believe will prove out to be a wonder of North Canada". He even
mentioned the boiling process, which was then used to liberate oil from the oil sands mixture. The same process, with technological advancement, is
used today in most of the oil production industry (1).
Commercial Development of the oil sands started with the start of 20th century. Initially, the focus was not to produce energy from the oil sands but to
use them as road paving material but it could not compete with the imported asphalt and so the project was abandoned. In his book, "William Stewart
Herron, father of petroleum industry in Alberta", R.C Macleod wrote about how an unsuccessful entrepreneur from Ontario traveled to Alberta and
established Calgary Petroleum Products Ltd. and set the ground for the development of Alberta 's first well that gushed oil (4). But the process of Oil
Sands was still complex and could not get much help till 1926 when Dr. Karl Clark began work on Oil sands in Alberta Research Council on the
'energy–focussed ' project and he nearly

Athabasca Sands Case Study
To what extent does the Athabasca Oil Sands take responsibility in promoting environmental stewardship? The Oil Sands are a mixture of sand, water,
clay and bitumen. Bitumen is oil that is too heavy or thick to flow or be pumped without being diluted or heated. Throughout many decades, the
environment has become a critical concern, and the responsibility the Oil Sands has taken is preposterous. The GHG (greenhouse gas emissions)
emissions that are released into the environment undermines its practices. The only way environmental stewardship can be encouraged, is if the Oil
Sands discontinues its oil development. Other alternatives such as stricter rules and regulations should be placed by the government of Alberta to
ameliorate the environment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Athabasca Delta is a breeding ground for species of birds, which was destroyed to clear the land for oil development. These development
practices are a leading factor towards increases in pollution. A scientific panel stated on Tuesday that pollution must be corrected, as there are major
debates against the oil sands development. Proponents argue that business through the Oil Sands has made Canada a major player in foreign
supplement. Unemployment rates have decreased across Canada and companies generate huge profits. The Alberta Oil Sands provide Canada with a
secure source of energy. Throughout the world, Canadian oil reserves are the second largest in the world. Oil mining operations in Canada also help
create more trading partnerships with different countries. This is a great way Canada can strengthen relationships and ties with various nation–states.
The Oil Sands is a stabilizing force for Canada's economy, yet it has a tremendous effect on the environment. Corporations are held responsible for their
actions, and environmental protection should be their main concern. The procedures that the Oil Sands has taken are not effective, to an extent, where
the pace of investment and development in the oil sands

South Alberta Oil Sands Case Study
Examining the impact of oil sands expansion on northern Alberta's First Nations
Background
The Canadian province of Alberta is home to one of the world's largest unconventional oil reserves – a roughly 140,000 kmВІ area covered by a
combination of boreal forest and peatland. Bitumen, the substance comprising these reserves, is a particularly resource intensive and environmentally
destructive fuel source to extract, requiring significant amounts of water and often strip–mined land (Huseman & Short, 2012). Now referred to by
many as the Athabasca oil sands, the area has traditionally inhabited by a number of Canada's First Nations (FN) groups. These rich hunting, fishing,
and gathering grounds in northern Alberta have sustained FN groups for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A number of layers could be created to distinguish between land reserved exclusively for FN groups, Federal land that can be leased to companies
for the purpose of resource extraction, and land that FN have varying degrees of access and use rights to but no sovereignty over. This step would
create a spatial representation of the different types of land–use as provided by the treaties that can be utilized in the next stage of research to compare
the legal framework with on the ground reality. Quality information on treaty rights in Alberta can be found through the Canadian government's
Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System, accessible at https://www.aadnc–aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014686/1100100014687. To ensure that
FN are included in the process, I would identify and reach out to key contacts listed on the Alberta government's Aboriginal Relations site– contacts are
arranged by treaty and respective First Nations

Analysis : Keystone Xl Pipeline
Isabella Moreno Mr. Lipham Hon Economy, A Block 15 February 2015 Spring Research Paper: Keystone XL Pipeline The Keystone XL pipeline is
a proposed expansion of the existing Keystone system, being proposed to transport greater volumes of Canadian oil sands crude to world market. It
would transport Canadian crude oil to the U.S. Gulf Coast for refining or export. Trans Canada's proposed XL pipeline has emerged as a symbolic
flashpoint in the complex debate over energy, the environment, and the economy. Pipeline advocates argue that the project will creates tens of
thousands of jobs and by increasing the flow of Canadian Oil into the U.S., will lower gasoline prices and strengthen energy security. Pipeline
opponents counter that any... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If market conditions change, the capacity of the pipeline could be increased to 830,000 barrels per day (bpd). The overall pipeline is estimated to cost
7$ billion. The Canadian company, TransCanada, initially proposed the pipeline in 2005 and applied to the State Department for a construction permit
in 2008. The State Department has the permitting authority for the project because it crosses an international border, and the secretary of state must
determine whether the project is "in the national interest"–a decision that includes economic, environment, national security and foreign policy
consequences. In January 2014, the state department released an environmental impact statement concluding that the pipeline was unlikely to
significantly increase the rate of carbon pollution in the atmosphere. That analysis kicked off a 90–day review process in which Secretary of State John
Kerry requested comment from eight other agencies including E.P.A. and the Commerce Defense and Homeland Security departments. The State
department just finished collecting comments from agencies as to whether the project is in the nation's best interest. Once Secretary of State John
Kerry revised the comments, he sent a recommendation to Obama, who make the final decision. On Tuesday February 24, President Obama vetoed
legislation

Oil Sands Research Paper
Canada has the third largest oil sand deposit in the world, following Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Oil sands are not only a crucial part of today's energy
production, but they also greatly impact the politics and economy of a country. However, the oil sands take a large toll on the environment. While this
massive carbon footprint can be decreased and possibly eradicated with laws and regulations, the current environmental impact is troubling. Many argue
that further expansion of the oil sands will have an additional impact on the environment, therefore creating a larger carbon footprint and increasing the
effects of global warming. Another aspect that is often brought up in the debate of the oil sands is their economic benefit and the impact ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
researchers say, describes why Canada should stop the expansion of the oil sands. The CBC's article is based upon information formed by a panel
of biologists, political scientists, physicists, economists and geographers. The group came to the conclusion that the oil sands expansion needs to
end, though they did not call for completely halting Canada's oil sands operations. The following is a scientific explanation as to why expansion
needs to end according to the CBC, "No new oil sands or related infrastructure projects should proceed unless consistent with an implemented plan to
rapidly reduce carbon pollution, safeguard biodiversity, protect human health, and respect treaty rights". The article goes even further by bringing up
the fact that Canada's previous prime minister, Stephen Harper, agreed that by 2100, Canada will stop the use of all fossil fuels, and therefore
expansion of the oil sands will be a waste of money seeing as they will no longer be prevalent in eighty years time. Furthermore, this article does not
bring up or dismiss arguments supporting the expansion of oil sands, rather as the article progresses, it becomes less distinctive as to what the argument
actually is. Therefore, though the sources and opinions of this article are presented without bias, they are not as consistent and less powerful than the
arguments presented by the Globe and

2013 Fiscal And Environmental Analysis
Suncor Investment Report Case Study 2010 – 2013 Fiscal and Environmental Analysis Written Report Turner Fenton SS Date of Report: January 17th
2015 Suncor Energy Inc. Alun Stokes Mr. Barrett BBI 2O8– A January 17th 2015 I.COMPANY ANALYSIS Suncor was founded in 1919 in Montreal,
and originally incorporated as Sun Company of Canada, (Subsidiary of Sun Oil). It stayed as such until 1979, at which point the name 'Suncor' came to
fruition through the merging of Great Canadian Oil Sands, and its conventional gas and oil interests. Suncor Energy is an integrated energy company
that specializes in the production of synthetic crude oil from oil sands in Calgary, Alberta. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS When looking for
investment opportunities, whilst analyzing the trends in a company's financials may paint a fairly accurate picture of their financial standing, and
allow for prediction in years to come, without first properly addressing environmental factors that affect the company, one cannot come to an informed
decision about where or not to invest. The predominant categories these fall under being political, social, economic and technological, there are certain
facets that prove more important than others. In terms of Suncor Energy, there is no one most important factor, as each interconnects with the others to
make up that which is the competitive environment. To begin with, the economic environment affects Suncor, both on a local and global scale.

Ice Storm Case Study
1998 Ice Storm– Theme 3 Description This ice storm was one of the largest natural disasters in Canada. In January of 1998 between the 4th and the
10th of the month St. Lewis Valley got freezing rain and ice pellets that ended up being up to 100mm. This affected sections from Kingston to
Quebec's Eastern Townships. This disaster injured 945 people and took 35 lives. Due to the storm, 600 000 people were displaced and 1 630 000
people were out of power in Ontario and Quebec. The Ice Storm of 1998 was an estimated cost of 5.4 billion dollars due to damages involving
trees falling, car crashes and other issues. Identify and Explain The ice storm was a social issue due to all the citizens affected and impacted by it.
People were out of power for quite awhile in both Ontario and Quebec, many people were cut off from one another due to no phones or services.
Another factor of it being a social issue is that it hurt many families because of injuries and death. It aso brought many Canadians together because
of people needing to leave their homes and took shelter at other people's homes. Historical Significance This was very important at the time because
it affected so many people's lives, some people lost family members and others were injured. People had issues trying to get to work to support their
family, cars starting to go to the grocery store and people just trying to live. The connection is as listed above, people couldn't function how they were
use to, people couldn't do

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