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Changes in nature: For class 6
- 1. Changes in Nature 1Dr. Madhava B Mallia Navi Mumbai Science Foundation Guidance session for Homi Bhabha Bal Vaidnyanik Competition
- 2. 2 CHANGES Changes in daily life Changes in nature
- 3. Changes in our daily life • Water boiling (liquid converted into vapor) • Sugar/salt dissolving in water • Burning of gas • Cooking of food • Formation of ice (liquid converted into solid) • Ripening of fruits (banana) • Folding a sheet of paper • Crushing a coco-cola can • Digestion of food that we eat • Growing of nails/hair • We growing old • Rusting of iron • Breaking of a pencil • Day and night cycle 3 Type of changes Physical/Chemical/Biological Reversible/Irreversible Fast/Slow Desirable/Undesirable Periodic/non-periodic changes
- 4. Physical/Chemical/Biological change • Physical change – Changes involving form of the substance but not chemical composition Examples: Freezing of water to ice and melting of ice to water 4 Water (liquid, H2O) Ice (solid, H2O) Water (liquid, H2O) Vapour (gas, H2O)
- 5. 5
- 6. • Chemical change – Changes involving chemical composition of the substance Examples: Burning of cooking gas, paper, wood etc. Rusting of iron 6 Propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water Iron nails + oxygen + moisture iron oxide (Rust)
- 7. • Chemical reaction Acetic acid + baking soda carbondioxide (gas) + sodium acetate 7
- 8. • Biological change – Physical or chemical changes taking place in a living system (plants or animals) Examples: Growth of nails or hair Ripening of fruits Digestion of food Photosynthesis 8
- 9. 9 Observation Type of change Physical/chemical/Biological Water boiling (liquid converted into vapor) Physical Sugar/salt dissolving in water Physical Burning of gas Chemical Cooking of food Chemical Formation of ice (liquid converted into solid) Physical Ripening of fruits (banana) Biological Folding a sheet of paper Physical Crushing a coco-cola can Physical Digestion of food that we eat Biological Growing of nails/hair Biological We growing old Biological Rusting of iron Chemical Breaking of a pencil Physical
- 10. Reversible and irreversible change • Reversible change – A change that can be reversed completely Examples: Conversion of water to ice and ice to water Blowing of a balloon Dissolving and recovering salt in water Conversion of water to vapour and vapour to water 10
- 11. • Irreversible change – A change that cannot be reversed Examples: Burning of wood/paper/coal Cooking food Tearing paper/cloth Cutting fruits/nails/hair Growing old 11
- 12. 12 Observation Type of change Reversible/Irreversible Water boiling (liquid converted into vapor) Reversible Roasting peanuts Irreversible Burning of gas Irreversible Cooking of food Irreversible Formation of ice (liquid converted into solid) Reversible Ripening of fruits (banana) irreversible Folding cloth Reversible Crushing a coco-cola can Irreversible Digestion of food that we eat Irreversible Growing of nails/hair Irreversible We growing old Irreversible Rusting of iron Irreversible Breaking of a pencil Irreversible
- 13. Fast and slow change • Fast changes – Changes that take place within seconds or few minutes Examples: Burning of gun powder Bursting of a balloon Firing a bullet Bursting of fire cracker 13
- 14. • Slow changes – Changes that takes place in several minutes, hours, days or more Examples: Cooking of food Digestion of food Rusting of iron Drying of cloths Ripening of fruits 14
- 15. 15 Observation Type of change Fast/Slow Water boiling (liquid converted into vapor) Slow Roasting peanuts Slow Burning of gas Fast Cooking of food Slow Formation of ice (liquid converted into solid) Slow Ripening of fruits (banana) Slow Lighting a match stick Fast Firing a bullet Fast Digestion of food that we eat Slow Growing of nails/hair Slow Bursting of a balloon Fast Rusting of iron Slow Breaking of a pencil Fast
- 16. Desirable and undesirable changes • Desirable change – A change that is of benefit to us Examples: Ripening of fruits Digestion of food that we eat Growing old Evaporation of water 16
- 17. • Undesirable change – A change that is not beneficial to us Examples: Rusting of iron Sprouting of onion Rottening of fruits 17
- 18. Periodic and non-periodic changes • Periodic change – Changes which take place in a definite interval of time are called periodic changes Examples: Day and night cycle Changing phases of moon Swinging of a clock pendulum Movement of clock hands 18
- 19. • Non-periodic change – Changes that take place randomly (random means no particular order) Examples: Occurrence of earthquakes and accidents Sneezing Feeling thirsty and hungry Getting angry 19
- 20. Chemical change: Experiment you can do at home 20 Copper sulphate (blue) + iron Iron sulphate (green) + copper (brown deposit)
- 21. Changes in nature • Sprouting of seeds • Growth of plants • Photosynthesis • Wild fire • Seasonal changes • Day/night cycle • Changing phases of moon • Wild fire • Formation of clouds • Formation of snow • Bees producing honey 21 Type of changes Physical/Chemical/Biological Reversible/Irreversible Fast/Slow Desirable/Undesirable Periodic/non-periodic changes
- 22. 22 Changes in Nature Physical/ Chemical/ Biological Reversible/ Irreversible Fast/Slow Desirable/ undesirable Periodic/non- periodic Sprouting of seeds Biological Irreversible Slow Desirable Non-periodic Growth of plants Biological Irreversible Slow Desirable Non-periodic Photosynthesis Biological Irreversible Fast Desirable Non-periodic Wild fire Chemical Irreversible --- Undesirable Non-periodic Change of seasons Physical Irreversible Slow Desirable Periodic Day/night cycle Physical Irreversible Slow Desirable Periodic Changing phases of moon Physical Irreversible Slow --- Periodic Rusting of iron Chemical Irreversible Slow Undesirable Non-periodic Formation of clouds Physical Reversible Slow Desirable Non-periodic Formation of snow Physical Reversible Slow Desirable Non-periodic Bees producing honey Biological Irreversible Slow Desirable Non-periodic
- 23. Weather and Climate • Weather – Weather is conditions of the atmosphere in a given place such as • Temperature • Humidity (humidity is a measure of water vapor present in atmosphere) – Humidity is connected to rain • Sunny/Cloudy • Raining • Windy etc. 23 Weather report is prepared by Meteorological department of government Meteorological department also predicts future weather conditions Elements of Weather – Temperature, Humidity, Wind speed etc.
- 24. 24 Weather is a continuously changing phenomenon
- 25. Weather can change from place to place… 25
- 26. What causes weather changes? • SUN 26 Water cycle Sea breeze and Land breeze
- 27. Weather elements measuring devices 27 Maximum & Minimum thermometer Humidity measurement - Hygrometer Wind speed measurement - Anemometer Digital Anemometer
- 28. Measuring rainfall 28 Rain gauge – A graduated cylinder Rainfall is measured in mm
- 29. Rainwater harvesting • What is it? – It is the collection and storage of rainwater for future use • Why? – Rainwater is purest form of water. It is better to store it rather than allowing it to flow ultimately into sea • Methods – Small pits – Roof top systems – Small reservoirs – Large reservoirs etc. 29
- 30. 30 Small pits Roof top system Small reservoir Large reservoir
- 31. Is information on whether important? • Yes, it helps to plan our activities – Hot weather - wear cotton dress, take cap, apply sun screen – Cloudy - take umbrella/rain coat, appropriate footwear – Windy - take eyewear to prevent dust going to your eyes 31 Weather information is very important agriculture
- 32. Satellites for weather forecast 32
- 33. Climate • Climate is the average weather pattern of a place over a long period of time 33 Srinagar Thiruvanandapuram Moderately hot and wet Very hot and wet