States Of Matter

States of Matter
States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically, the distinction is made based
on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape;
liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state
in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available.
This diagram shows the nomenclature for the different phase transitions.
More recently, distinctions between states have been based on differences in molecular interrelationships. Solid is the
state in which intermolecular attractions keep the molecules in fixed spatial relationships. Liquid is the state in which
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Solids can also change directly into gases through the process of sublimation.
[edit]Liquid
Main article: Liquid
Structure of a classical monatomic liquid. Atoms have many nearest neighbors in contact, yet no long–range order is
present.
The volume is definite if the temperature and pressure are constant. When a solid is heated above its melting point, it
becomes liquid, given that the pressure is higher than the triple point of the substance. Intermolecular (or interatomic
or interionic) forces are still important, but the molecules have enough energy to move relative to each other and the
structure is mobile. This means that the shape of a liquid is not definite but is determined by its container. The volume
is usually greater than that of the corresponding solid, the most well known exception being water, H2O. The highest
temperature at which a given liquid can exist is its critical temperature.[5]
[edit]Gas
Main article: Gas
In a gas, the molecules have enough kinetic energy so that the effect of intermolecular forces is small (or zero for an
ideal gas), and the typical distance between neighboring molecules is much greater than the molecular size. A gas has
no definite shape or volume, but occupies the entire container in which it is confined.
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Canon Future Strategies Essay example
The Excellent Global Corporation Plan
Based on the corporate philosophy of kyosei, the Excellent Global Corporation Plan is a medium– to long–term
management plan with the goal of building a corporate group that continues contributing to society through
technological innovation, aiming to be a corporation worthy of admiration and respect worldwide. In the five–year
first phase of the plan, which began in 1996, Canon inculcated in the Group the concepts of profit orientation and total
optimization, introducing production reforms by means of the cell production system, and cash flow–based
consolidated business performance evaluation. In the second phase of the plan, which began in 2001, they have aimed
to become No.1 in all our businesses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Looking at figures for individual business segments in fiscal 2004, investment in business machines was ¥120.9
billion, or 43.9% of total research and development expenses, while investment in cameras was ¥35.5 billion, or
12.9%.
Canon has achieved tremendous results in its quest to become a truly excellent company through a strategy of
selection and concentration. While working to bring Phase II to a successful conclusion, they are also making thorough
preparations to pursue healthy growth, our new target for Phase III, which begins in 2006.
Future Concentration
Canon's future strategy was to create a resilient global organisation and to make the company a leader in the imaging
industry. Canon would make further efforts to improve products and increase profitability by raising the quality of
digital engineering systems, developing technologies to enhance production efficiency and creating new key
components and devices.
Fujio Mitarai, President and CEO, CANON says that "We at Canon view technology as the origin of our profit.
Looking to Canon's development from 2010 through 2020, we are working to identify fields for further growth"
Future Strategy
Fast development of new–products Refocusing on the Color printing machine market High–compression PDF
conversion technology– business machines
Full–color document data typically contain 30 to 40 times more digital information than

A Experiment On Separation And Purification Methods
This experiment introduces separation and purification methods used in research quite frequently. These methods
include hot vacuum filtration and recrystallization to purify a crude sample of acetanilide containing two impurities.
Recrystallization is a very common method that is used to purify solids. This process dissolves a crude solid with
impurities in a mildly boiling solvent, and cooling down the mixture afterwards for crystals to reconstruct themselves
in solution. This method allows impurities to separate and remain in solution as precipitate or remain uniform in
solution. Solids are more soluble in hot solvents than in cold ones, allowing maximum dissolution for proper
separation and subsequent crystallization to occur. After purifying the compound, the melting point is determined
using the Mel–Temp technology to compare to the written melting point to see how pure the sample truly is. The
proper steps of recrystallization include selecting a solvent that fits the characteristic of all the components, water in
this experiment. Then, dissolving a crude sample in the chosen solvent (at or close to the solvent boiling point),
forming solid in the solution as cooling takes place, using vacuum filtration to isolate the purified solid, ridding the
crystals of all impurities through drying. In this experiment, recrystallization allows purification of 150 mg of crude
acetanilide. Hot vacuum filtration is a process used. The process requires using a filter flask, Pasteur

The Pros And Cons Of The Hrome Bluetooth Speaker
Bluetooth speakers exist in abundance today, but frustratingly few of them offer more than a crackling peep forced out
of a flimsy plastic shell with the energy of an elderly woman trying to blow out all the candles on her 90th birthday
cake. Despite the hundreds of thousands of models being produced by as many brands, a truly great Bluetooth speaker
is almost impossible to find. Portable speaker enthusiasts who want to listen to their favorite music as it would be
heard over a larger hi–fi stereo system don't have a whole lot of options, but the Hrome Bluetooth Speaker is one of
them. The Hrome Bluetooth Speaker is often unfairly overlooked when people discuss the best portable Bluetooth
speakers on the market. Despite not being as well–known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Well, the most glaring answer is that they don't want to ruin their phone by bringing it into the shower with them. With
the Hrome Bluetooth Speaker, that concern is completely eradicated. Hrome designed this speaker to be almost
exclusively used in showers and by pools and the seaside, which means it is resistant to water, extreme heat, and

Impact Of Bionic Technology In Fashion
INTRODUCTION Bionic technology is most commonly associated with artificial limbs or organs. However, bionic
technology within the fashion industry is in today's new world and is rapidly advancing. Technological advances "have
come so close to the body that it has become technology to 'wear'"(Calefato). This includes innovations in fashion
accessories for people to integrate into their daily lives. Though this seems like the stuff of science fiction, bionic
fashion is really here; therefore, this essay will provide information on new, bionic fashion inventions for the home
and the average person, benefits and challenges the products are currently proving, and finally, the global market of
bionic fashion products. Bionic technology can be easily described as utilizing electronic devices and mechanical parts
to assist humans in performing difficult, dangerous, or intricate tasks. Within these parameters, bionic technology in
fashion is similar in that it creates new devices in t–shirts, or hats that allow everyday human life to be made easier.
For example, the Vuzix M100 is a small, glass piece that hooks onto your glasses which updates you on things like
daily tasks, bus schedules, or arrival time at work if the leaving time is 7:03 am. This device also has a sensor which
allows it to scan the nutritional values of cereal or other foods and calculate how this would affect your diet, or daily
intakes of sugars, calories, iron levels, etc. This all happens right in front of

Persuasive Speech On Downsampling
**Hello guys,** I thought it would be fun to expound about Downsampling in photography and hopefully, it'll be
pretty useful for any of you who are interested in making images or even videos. ### What's Downsampling? (––
removed HTML ––) You may have already heard of this term before, essentially, what you're doing with
Downsampling is taking an image at a higher resolution than you expect to use finally as the final image and you're
shrinking that high–resolution image with lots of information to a smaller one that is smaller but higher quality, so
you're getting a higher quality image that's smaller as opposed to a larger image overall. ### Why do you need
Downsampling and why is it important? (–– removed HTML ––) Most cameras today, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(–– removed HTML ––) ![IMG–20171007–WA0000.jpg]
(https://steemitimages.com/DQmZWMFrLn6MoMoGoD7JNL5v6ao9rLwaT7GP4jmAGqeBcx2/IMG–20171007–
WA0000.jpg) (–– removed HTML ––) (–– removed HTML ––) ![upvotefollowresteem.gif]
(https://steemitimages.com/DQmWpisRXDF56mV3DgzzPUxb3R2ozseR48YVr2YKtwtrBcV/upvotefollowresteem.gif)
(–– removed HTML

Mvpower Advantages And Disadvantages
Mvpower
Mvpower is an automatic dispenser for dry feed dogs with a compact and pleasant design in which you can program
up to 4 meals a day at the times you want your dog to eat. It also has an option in which it allows you to record your
voice for your pet to eat.
The Mvpower is ideal for when you are not at home or to keep a strict schedule in your dog's diet. Easy handling and
cleaning . It incorporates an LCD in which you can enter the hours and the exact amount of food that you want your
dog to eat.
characteristics
5.5L clear automatic hopper, removable and easy to clean.
Easy to program LCD display and low battery indicator.
It works with 3 batteries of 1.5v size D which will not depend on any outlet, so you can locate it anywhere ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to its quality and its characteristics, it is one of the most valued products on the internet .
Characteristics:
Illuminated LCD display with adjustable setting for easy use.
Voice recording of up to 10 seconds to call your pet.
It is executed by means of 3 batteries or through the standard socket.
Storage capacity of 4.4kg
Measures: 24cm x 30 x 38.
PetSafe PFD19–15521
PetSafe is an automatic dog hopper with a rigid and discreet design that allows you to set up to 12 servings of food a
day from 30 grams to 950 grams, which is perfect to keep your dog properly cared for without worry.
The PetSafe has a 6Kg capacity food compartment in which it allows dry and semi–hydrated dog food. It has a sealing
lid that allows to keep food stored fresh and safe. If you are interested in buying an automatic feeder for any type of
breed or size, this is the ideal for you.
Characteristics:
Programmable LCD display easy to use with 5 buttons.
Requires 4 alkaline batteries, which is perfect to locate anywhere without the need of a plug.
Slow feed dispensing option, ideal for dogs that eat a lot or are obese.
The food storage compartment is easily removed for cleaning.

Liquid Crystal Display Advantages And Disadvantages
AGRICULTURE is the need of most of the Indians livelihood and it is one of the main sources of livelihood. It also
has a major impact on economy of the country. A major quantity of water is used for irrigation system and therefore
85% of available fresh water resources are used for yielding agricultural crops. This resource of water will decrease
day by day and consumption of water will dominate and increase more than 85% in upcoming half century. This is due
to the high growth in population due to this tremendous growth in population there is huge demand for food.
Agriculture is the main source for food production. Using science and technology we need to implement a method by
which there can be limited consumption of water.
Till date many methods have come into existence where water can be limitedly consumed. A method where
monitoring water status and based on status of water whether it is high or low irrigation is scheduled which is based on
canopy temperature of plant, which was captured with thermal imaging. Another method is making use of information
on volumetric water content of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is preferred by engineers because it uses very small amount of electric power. Liquid crystal display (LCD) offers
several advantages over traditional cathode ray tube that makes them ideal for several applications. Of course LCD's
are flat and they use only a fraction of power required by cathode ray tubes. They are easier to read and more pleasant
to work with for long periods of time. There are several tradeoffs as well, such as limited view angle, brightness and
contrast, not to maintain high manufacturing cost. 16x2 LCD is used in this project to display data to user. There are
two rows and sixteen columns. It is possible to display 16 characters on each of the 2 rows. It has registers, command
and data

Devry E227 Pg 141 Pt 2 Essay
Joseph Azir
D40076663
3/28/15
Writing: Demonstrating the "You" Attitude [LO–1] Rewrite these sentences to reflect your audience's viewpoint: * a.
Your email order cannot be processed; we request that you use the order form on our website instead. * b. We insist
that you always bring your credit card to the store. * c. We want to get rid of all our 15–inch LCD screens to make
room in our warehouse for the new 19–, 23–, and 35–inch monitors. Thus, we are offering a 25 percent discount on all
sales of 15–inch models this week. * d. I am applying for the position of bookkeeper in your office. I feel my grades
prove that I am bright and capable, and I think I can do a good job for you. * e. As requested, we are sending ... Show
Correct form: It would be best if you could bring your credit card to the store.
C) We want to get rid of all our CRT monitors to make room in our warehouse for the new LCD flat screen monitors.
Thus, we are offering a 25 percent discount on all sales this week.
Correct form: Starting this week you can now purchase our CRT monitors at 25 percent discount.
D) I am applying for the position of bookkeeper in your office. I feel my grades prove that I am bright and capable,
and I think I can do a good job for you.
Correct form: I would like to apply as bookkeeper in your office. I believe that you will find me capable as my grades
have already proven
E) As requested, we are sending the refund for $25.
Correct form: We are happy to send you your refund of $25.
F) If you cared about doing a good job, you would've made the extra effort required to learn how to use the machinery
properly.
Correct form: If you learn how to use the machinery properly, your job will be much easier.
G) Your strategy presentation this morning absolutely blew me away; there's no way we can fail with all the brilliant
ideas you've pulled together–I'm so glad you're running the company now!
Correct form: Great job on the meeting.
H) Regarding your email message from September 28 regarding the slow payment of your invoice, it's important for
you to realize that we've just undergone a massive upgrade of our accounts payable system and payments

The Melting Point Analysis of Crude and Recrystallized...
Abstract Acetic Anhydride and p–Aminophenol were heated in a vial attached to an air condenser to synthesize crude
acetaminophen, resulting in 0.097 grams (47.48% yield). The crude acetaminophen was then recrystallized in a solvent
of water and methanol over heat resulting in 0.082 grams (39.61% yield) of pure acetaminophen. Melting points of
both crude and pure acetaminophen were taken, and found to be 165.9 – 170.9°C and 168.2 – 171.5°C, respectively.
The literature melting point of acetaminophen is 169.5 – 171.0°C, indicating that our final product was pure.
Introduction The synthesis of acetaminophen involves the attraction of the electrophilic carbonyl group of acetic
anhydride to the nucleophilic NH2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An automatic pipet was used to measure 0.450 mL water and 0.165 mL acetic anhydride and was added to the conical
vial. A spin vane was placed into the vial and an air condenser was attached.
Heating:
The mixture was heated at 120°C using an aluminum block and was stirred gently. After all of the solid dissolved, it
was heated for 20 additional minutes to ensure the reaction was complete.
Isolation of Crude Acetaminophen: The vial was removed from the heat and cooled to room temperature. The spin
vane was rinsed with 2–3 drops of warm water over the conical vial. The vial was cooled to room temperature then
placed in an ice bath for 15 minutes. The liquid was decanted from the mixture and the resulting crystals were dried on
filter paper. The crystals were then placed on a watch glass for further drying. The crystals were weighed and a small
sample was placed into a capillary tube for melting point determination.
Crystallization of Acetaminophen: The product was placed in a Craig tube and several drops of hot (100°C) solvent
(50% water, 50% methanol, by volume) was added and heated until all of the crystals dissolved. The Craig tube was
plugged and set in an Erlenmeyer flask to cool. Crystallization was induced once the mixture was at room temperature
by scratching the inner wall of the tube. It was then placed into an ice bath for ten minutes until crystallization was
complete. The tube was then

Mirrors And Mirrors Essay
Mirrors and glasses are wonderful exponents to reveal the glory of the house and its owners. If they are clean, then it
indicates the people in the house take care of things and if they are tarnished, it indicates that the people in the house
lack discipline or doesn't bother about maintaining a neat environment. Unfortunately, not every technique can be used
to clean the glass or mirror situated in different places. For instance, the cleaning method for champagne glasses
differs from that of a bathroom mirror. This is not understood by many and they end up with unattractive mirrors.
Below are some of the methods suitable for cleaning different mirrors and glasses:
Cleaning a Television
 Unplug the monitor
 Wipe the monitor with the help of a dry antistatic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cleaning a bathroom mirror or any other mirror
 For mirrors that are relatively new or considerably clean, wiping the surface with a cloth dipped in warm water and
re–wiping the surface with a dry cloth is sufficient for maintenance.
 The best way to clean a mirror is with the help of a microfiber cloth or the use of cotton swabs which assure the
prevention of scratches.
 Prepare a mixture of white vinegar and water in a bowl (1:2) and add the solution to a spray bottle.
 Spray the solution on the mirror and let it work on the dust for a couple of minutes. But, do not let the solution dry.
 Use the microfiber cloth or cotton swabs to rub the solution and all the stains or dust will come along with the cloth.
All the methods mentioned here are safe and time tested to work wonders on glasses and mirrors. However, one has to
use them appropriately and mixing the methods can derive mixed results. So, carefully understand the unique methods
appropriate for different conditions and enjoy the glorious shine of those mirrors and glasses in the house

Application For Automatic Temperature Control System
Chapter1 Basic introduction 1.1 Introduction Nowadays, in globalization era there are always the foundation of the
new technologies features every year. Automatic temperature control system become the most popular features which
rapidly gaining its popularity due to its importance to certain applications. This system utilizes in a room that lack of
air conditioning system such as in room. The system is designed that is supposed to monitor the temperature inside a
room. The automatic system required to control the temperature within the room is measured by using a temperature
sensor. When the current temperature is below the lower limit of the desired if it is in the first upper limit 26°c to 30°c,
the room is cooled using a fan. When the current temperature is within the desired range, no control action is needed.
The current temperature of the room must be continuously displayed on the LCD. 1.2 motivation Seeing latest trends
and speed of progression the Arduino field is making, we are inclined to take a project related to room temperature
controller using Arduino. 1.3 objectives To control the temperature of room using fan and heater. 1.4 What is digital
temperature controller? Digital temperature controller is a system which will regulate temperature of certain area by
turning on & off heating and cooling devices according to external temperature. It can be connected to fan, heater, and
ac. These devices will be turned on and off according to the requirement. Auto

The Torture of No Technology For 24 Hours
I laid on the floor, not really sure what to do with myself. I had wandered from my bed down to the ground, trying to
avoid the stare of my laptop. My fingers dug into the carpet. The sleek electronic beckoned me torturously, and my
fingers itched to open it. The ground seemed like a safer place, one where I could avoid everything and just be. Of
course, the longer I laid there, the louder the silence seemed to become. I couldn't hear anything, not the whirring of
my laptop nor the notifications of my phone; it was absolutely silent. With a huff, I rose to my feet and glared at my
computer. It seemed that I had lost the battle, and I winced guiltily as I lifted the screen open. I guess I just wasn't
strong enough to withstand the pull of technology.
It all started with an English assignment–to go without the use of technology for twenty–four hours. Mondays were
bleak but today would be worse, I knew. Class to class, subject to subject, I drifted through school. Sitting through my
classes, the challenge seemed easy–was the assignment really that hard?
The need to use technology hit me the second I stepped into my house. My fingers instinctively crawled towards the
TV remote, before I snatched my hand back. Staring at the black LCD screen, I suddenly realized–this would not be so
easy after all. Begrudgingly, my hands slipped over my old Panasonic radio, flipping the on–button. Immediately,
static blasted through the speakers, blaring through the house. Half–heartedly

Innovation and Changes
Now a day, innovation and change is very important for organizations. Innovation and change are applied in many
companies in the world. Innovation is a successful implementation of creative ideas in organization to improve
products and services. Change is a difference in the form, quality or condition of an organization over time (Williams
& McWilliams 2010). The purpose of this essay is to explain us the compare (differences) and contrast
(similarities) between innovation and change. This is also including to identify something has changed in our campus
or university in this semester and example of innovation and change.
The differences are between innovation and change. There is a growing understanding that innovation is a ... Show
The example of innovation and change in our university is when they had change in the system of study. They must
think about how to become better than any other university. Our University's computer lab and some of the class room
had installed new 'Smart Board'. This is one the example of innovation can be found in the college. During the old
days, the lecturers normally used OHP projector to teach. Compare to LCD projector, OHP was without computer and
it can be used itself with the transparency slides. Due to the computer price getting cheaper and people starting to had
their personal laptop, the used of power point presentation become more and more popular. Over the time, LCD
projector had took over the OHP projector, the lecturers have to transfer the teaching material from the transparency
into power point presentation and start using computer to present their teaching material. Then, the universities had
installed the smart board in the computer lab and most of the classroom. Smart Board are the more advanced version
of LCD projector, with the new function of touch input from a finger, pen or other solid object. Each contact of the
Smart board interactive whiteboard is interpreted as a left–click from the mouse. This is certainly a technology
innovation, when the LCD projector reaches the top of the S shape curve, technology discontinuity happens and new
technology the Smart Board was introduced. All this will

Sugar Crystals
Crystals are all beautiful creations! When an individual thinks of crystals, they typically think of the type that are
found and kept as valuables but that's not all that crystals can be, they can also be edible. For example, Rock Candy is
a type of crystal that is edible. These types of crystals are sugar crystals. Now, the real question is, is it possible to
make sugar crystals from the comfort of your own home? In order to make sugar crystals you will need the following
supplies; 1 cup of water, 3 cups of table sugar, a clean glass jar, a pencil or butter knife, sting or yarn (do not use nylon
string), a pan, a spoon, and food coloring. The first step into making these tasty treats is to tie a string to your pencil or
butter knife. Make sure that your string does not touch the bottom or sides of the jar in order for this experiment to
work. You can begin to boil water in the pan once your instructor has confirmed that you are ready. Once the water
begins to boil, stir in one spoonful of sugar at a time. You want to make sure that you have a lot sugar in the solution
but not too ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The string is the where the surfacing of the crystals will begin. Small crystals of sugar will encrust the string as water
evaporates from it. The tiny seed crystals provide a starting point for the bigger crystals. Future growth of the crystals
will form around these points. The string provides the basic foundation for the crystals to form on. Without the string,
we would not be able to form the crystals together. There is plenty of science behind sugar crystals. They are a very
fascinating candy. They are beautiful and tasty! Sugar crystals have some very interesting details and are very simple
to build. Once the molecules all come together in the end, you'll have a beautiful crystal and a sweet treat! Can an
individual build these crystals with just a jar, some sugar and water, and a string? It is very much

Video Baby Monitor Essay
Babies are an absolute bundle of joy to have and will change your whole purpose in life. If you are welcoming a new
addition to your family then you it pays to consider buying a baby monitor. Many new parents will spend a lot of time
watching their baby but it is not always possible to pay such close attention. Perhaps you need to get the washing
done, or prepare yourself some meals. Maybe the baby is a light sleeper so you'd prefer not to walk into the room to
check on them for fear of waking them. The technological advancements over the past few years have made it much
easier for new moms to keep an eye on their baby. By having the best video baby monitor you will be able to watch
your baby without being near them. Video baby monitors are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is beyond helpful to have a permanent contact with your baby even if you can't be physically there. The peace of
mind a baby monitor provides is a fantastic way to help you relax. There are other advantages to having a baby
monitor and they include: Preventing hazardous situations– Through the video monitoring function you can see your
baby breathing, check the temperature of the room and notice if your baby has awoken. While it varies from child to
child, there are many babies who wake up and don't cry. With a monitor you'll be able to see what your child is doing.
If they are active and moving around you will be able to stop any potential injuries. Two way audio– A really helpful
feature. If you child cries/yells/screams you will be able to hear it over the monitor. If you are outside or far away you
can talk through the monitor allowing the baby to hear your voice. This way you can comfort and soothe the little one
without having to go into the room. Long Range transmission – If you are a working mum or are away from your little
one, there are some monitors that allow you to tune in from far away. These are more expensive but being able to tune
in and see your little one is a fantastic feature. Key Features of Video Baby

Essay On Ice Cream
MAIN CONTENT
CHEMICAL INGREDIENTS IN ICE CREAM
Ice cream usually contains about 30% of ice, 50% of air, 5% of fat and 15% of sugar solution.
SUGAR
Main Function
1. To make a suitable sweetness
If you taste ice cream at the room temperature, you may think that it is too sweet. As a lot sugar, usually sucrose or
glucose, is used by the ice cream makers to make an ice cream taste much more delicious. However, we may not
realize because our taste buds are less sensitive while we are having cold food like ice cream. Therefore, more sugar is
used in ice cream in order to produce the sweet taste at low temperatures to ensure the sweet taste of ice cream.
2. Controlling ice crystals
Sugar increase viscosity of the ice cream base. High viscosity ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in liquid state at an extremely low temperature. It exists as liquid at the temperature
between 63K and 77.2K.
Why liquid nitrogen ice cream tastes smoother?
Ice cream have a cooling process before freezing to reduce time for the ice cream to freeze, to prevent forming of large
ice crystals. But in the liquid nitrogen ice cream, as its boiling point is very low, ice cream base freeze instantly at the
time you just add nitrogen, large crystals will not be formed, giving the ice cream its creamy consistency.
However, it needs suitable control during the making process, as the over–freeze of the ice cream base may result in
the crunchy ice cream.
Safety Concern of using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream
Liquid nitrogen, which has a boiling point of –196°C, is used to make instantly freezing ice cream. It is a good source
to make a better ice cream, but we have to handle it with special care, as liquefied gas is intensely cold, can cause
frostbite or cryogenic burns. Therefore, the liquid nitrogen ice cream makers have to ensure that the liquid nitrogen in
ice cream is fully evaporated before giving to customers to prevent them from accidentally ingest liquid nitrogen. As
the result can be horrendous if more than a "trivial" amount of liquid nitrogen is swallowed. If more than a few drops
of liquid nitrogen are drank, it would freeze and become solid and brittle like glass, that would absolutely hurt the
alimentary canal

Advantage And Disadvantage Of Lcd
Introduction:
CRTs, LCDs and LEDs fall in the category of display devices. Display devices basically allude to output devices
which visually convey data on a screen. This data can be text, video, graphical etc.
Electrically operated display devices have revolutionized impressively through its start and there doesn't seem to be
any end to this technology. Display devices have evolved from electromechanical systems to such devices which have
the ability to display full motion 3D graphics.
The types of display devices are; Segment displays, full 2–dimensional displays, three dimensional displays and
mechanical types.
The display devices used nowadays as televisions and also monitor are:
CRTs
LCDs
LEDs
Plasma.
History:
The early digital displays ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
High resolution and capable of running multiple resolutions.
2. Splendid motion artifacts.
3. Less expensive.
4. Good color quality.
5. Fine black–level and contrast.
Disadvantages:
1. Large size and weight,
2. Consumes huge amount of power.
3. Gives away a lot of heat.
4. Colors fade when a magnetic is brought near.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD):
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD works using the technology of liquid crystals and was invented by an
American engineer George Heilmeier in 1964 as advancement to the CRT technology. LCD monitor
Function:
It relies on cold cathode technology and consists of a fluorescent screen. LCDs contain two polarizing materials with a
liquid crystal solution between them. They work when electricity is passed through them, which align the crystals in
such a way that some allow the light to pass through and some do not, providing a black–and–white image on the
screen as output. Color LCDs work by either by passive matrix technology or thin film transistor.
Advantages:
Environment–friendly.
Remarkable brightness and sharpness.
No flicker during refresh–rate.
Light–weight.

Very low electricity consumption.
Disadvantages:
Bad and fixed

My research project is based on the Liquid Crystal Display...
My research project is based on the Liquid Crystal Display or (The LCD). The developer of the LCD was a group of
engineers, led by George Heilmeier a engineer himself. They started to develop this in between 1964 and 1968. When
his group thought they had finished, they later found out they were wrong. George and his group had used Dynamic
scattering method which had worked poorly. Later a man named James Ferguson came along and replaced it with and
improved version. He had used twisted nematic field effect fro the LCD. It was released for sale in the 1970s, it sold
very quickly over thousands of people bought it in the United States.
LCD allows you to see, real advantages over other display technology. LCDs also consumes less energy ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the sensors that a LCD has is the backlight sensor. This increases productivity, life by stabilizing the brightness,
after the system starts up and automatically. It also connects ambient temperature and adjusted the brightness over
time. There is also a touch sensor for the touch LCD monitor. This works because of the electromagnetic interference
caused by your hand. This happens when you move your hand near or close to the screen.
In addition the LCD computer monitor is in fact soldered. One of the components that is soldered is the capacitors.
Another thing that is soldered is some of the copper wires. There are nine compartments inside an LCD monitor. It has
two polarized filters one on top and one on the bottom. In the center of these two filter is were the LC remains. On top
and bellow the LC is two other films, then on top of that there is a transformed electrode. Then on the bottom of the
lower filter is the back light/mirror. Then to finish it off there is either a red, blue or green film, which can be adjusted
to a certain brightness. On the back of all of this is where the wires are connected to the battery and supply voltage. In
conclusion Liquid Crystal Display is now a million dollar product that sells all over the United States. Liquid Crystal
Display is now very popular because it is practically every where. These are some of the products that contain LCD.
iPads, Microwave

Essay on canon future strategies
The Excellent Global Corporation Plan
Based on the corporate philosophy of kyosei, the Excellent Global Corporation Plan is a medium– to long–term
management plan with the goal of building a corporate group that continues contributing to society through
technological innovation, aiming to be a corporation worthy of admiration and respect worldwide. In the five–year
first phase of the plan, which began in 1996, Canon inculcated in the Group the concepts of profit orientation and total
optimization, introducing production reforms by means of the cell production system, and cash flow–based
consolidated business performance evaluation. In the second phase of the plan, which began in 2001, they have aimed
to become No.1 in all our businesses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In line with these changes, Canon U.S.A., Canon Europe, Canon China, and Canon Sales in Japan have carried out the
restructuring and consolidation of Group companies in their respective regions to increase the efficiency of sales
networks, and to upgrade information systems and distribution networks. In 2005, they are aiming to complete the
sales and marketing structure reforms they have pursued till date.
Fulfilling corporate social responsibility
Social responsibility begins with awareness on the part of each individual. With regard to environmental responsibility,
they aim to achieve the goals set forth in Factor 2, a comprehensive benchmark indicator of the environmental
sustainability of the Canon Group culminating in 2010. To ensure continued sustainable development for the company,
they will further strengthen corporate governance and compliance.
Charting a course for healthy growth through selection and concentration on R&D
Phase II of our Excellent Global Corporation Plan, a blueprint of long–term management objectives to be met in 2005,
contains four goals, one of which is "building up R&D strength to enable Canon to continually create new
business opportunities.
In fiscal 2004, research and development expenses

The Dunedin Public Art Gallery
The Dunedin Public Art Gallery is currently showcasing the 'Private Utopia' exhibition. It holds 85 works by 25 artists
of Contemporary Art from the British Council Collection. The exhibition displays artistic production from the last two
decades, by artists who came to prominence in the mid–1990s and also emerging artists of the present. Such as Sarah
Lucas, Cornelia Parker, Marcus Coates, Laura Lancaster, Tracey Emin, Roger Hiorns and many more. These artists
contribute to the five threads that are presented in the exhibition. These practises include humour and the uncanny in
the everyday, storytelling and narrative, identity and society, real and imagined landscapes and the appropriation of
styles, subjects and ready–made materials. Overall the exhibition prevails a wide range of confronting and reflective
themes. It shows the nature of Modern Art in Britain today and also includes aspects of music culture, social history
and anthropology.
Roger Hiorns prominently contributes to the themes showcased in the 'Private Utopia' exhibition and demonstrates the
broadening definition of what art can be. Hiorns was born in 1975 in Birmingham, England and currently still lives
there. He studied at University of London Goldsmiths College and Bourneville College of Art. He was also nominated
for a Turner Prize in 2009. Hiorns is sculpture and instillation artist. His primary interest is to manipulate materials or
to make them react in unexpected ways. By using materials he creates

Crystallization Of Sulfanilamide Lab Report
Introduction
Crystallization is a technique that has been utilized as a part of the purification of substances. As often as possible,
when a solid substance (single compound) is dissolved in a solvent, it dissolves. After adding a greater amount of the
solid, a point in the long run is come to past which no further solid dissolves, and the solution is said to be saturated
with the solid compound. The concentration of the saturated solution is influenced by the temperature, by and large a
higher temperature bringing about a higher concentration.
These events can be utilized as a methods for affecting separation and purification. In this way, if a saturated solution
at some temperature is cooled, the dissolved segment starts to isolate from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before heating the flask containing the sulfanilamide, enough solvent was added with a Pasteur pipette to barely cover
the crystals.
2. Heated the flask again until the solvent boils.
3. Small portion of the solvent were added and continued to heat the flask and swirled it frequently.
4. The flask was swirled for 10–15 seconds and checked if the solid dissolved. If not another portion of the solvent was
added.
5. Heated the flask again with swirling until the solvent boils.
6. Then swirled the flask for 10–15 seconds, frequently returning the flask to the hot plate so that the temperature of
the mixture does not drop.
7. Continued the process of adding solvent, heating and swirling until all the solid had dissolved completely.
8. It was ensured that the solvent was not little or excess and the process was performed rapidly because 95% ethyl
alcohol is very volatile. Also the time for the first addition of the solvent until it dissolved it was between 10–15
seconds.
Crystallization
1. Flask was removed from the heat and allowed the solution to cool.
2. The flask was covered with a small watch glass. It can be noted that crystallization need to begin by the time the
flask has cooled to room temperature. It was induced by scratching the inside surface of the flask with a glass

Code Reader Or Higher End?
If you've ever had to take your car to a repair shop because a light on the display won't go away, the mechanics have
probably used an OBD2 scanner to detect. They are designed to measure a car's sensors and computer to determine if
everything is working properly. The device gives you and your mechanic an idea if your sensors need to be replaced or
if the computer is not registering the information correctly. It gives codes to let you know what the computer is telling
the reader, which you can then take to a mechanic and have them look at it. Here are some OBD2 code readers that
you can look into if you're looking at solving any issues with your vehicle.
How to Choose the Best OBD2 Scanner
Code Reader or Higher End?
If you're looking for a scanner that reads basic engine codes and then erases them, you will be better off with a basic
code reader. They are simplistic and easy to use for anyone, so you don't need technical training with it. However, the
lower end ones are compatible with certain vehicles, so that should factor in your decision as well. Some of the higher
end ones allow different information to process through the scanner to do more work. The price difference may be a
deciding factor as well.
Find a Compatible Unit
Since no vehicles are alike, knowing what compatability your vehicle has with a CBD2 reader will prevent losing time
and money. You can find the information in your vehicle's manual, and if you can't find it there, you can check online.

Preparation of Pure Diphenyl
Experiment 2 Date: 24 January 2006
Title : Crystallization of a Crude Sample
Objective : Preparation of pure diphenyl via crystallization of crude diphenyl dissolved in ethanol.
Structural Formula of Organic Substances Involved :
Diphenyl Ethanol
Apparatus : Round–bottom flask (100 mL), measuring cylinder (50 mL), conical flask (50 mL), filter flask, beaker
(100 mL), stemless glass funnel, Hirsch funnel, capillary tube, long glass tube, watch glass, glass vial, water
condenser, retort stand, retort clamps, spatula, cork stand, fluted filter paper, filter paper for Hirsch funnel, electronic
weigh, electrothermal heater, oven, aspirator, electrothermal device to determine melting point.
Chemicals : Crude ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The condenser also functions to maintain the temperature throughout the heating process and thereby maximizing the
accuracy of the experimental results. The addition of boiling chips in the heating process to dissolve the diphenyl
serves to minimize the possibility of the occurrence of bumping, i.e. sudden explosive boiling whereby large bubbles
erupt from the heated solution. Instead, a steady stream of small air bubbles is produced with the addition of the chips.
Subsequently after complete dissolving of the crude diphenyl, an additional 15 mL of ethanol is added to ensure that
all the crude diphenyl is dissolved. A small amount of decolourising charcoal is added to the solution mixture. The
decolourising charcoal serves to remove any impurities in the mixture, by adsorbing substances responsible for
colouration of the solution on its surface via its activated properties. A small amount is used as the desired product
may be adsorbed as well if a large amount is used instead.
The mixture is filtered via a preheated stemless glass funnel immediately after boiling for 10 – 15 minutes. This is to
prevent any early crystallization of the mixture since its crystallization temperature is quite low. The use of preheated
apparatus for filtration is also to minimize premature crystallization of the mixture. Filtration of the mixture while it is
still hot is to

Application Of A Mobile Phone Manufacturer
Get the OnePlus advantage in your life by owning a Smartphone from this Chinese mobile phone manufacturer.
Founded in 2013 and headquartered in Shenzhen, OnePlus has its presence across 34 countries till October, 2015.
Browse through the OnePlus Brand Store on Amazon India and pick your favourite OnePlus product to experience the
best in wirelessly telephony and mobile entertainment.
Description:
Ever since OnePlus made its foray into the cut–throat Indian Smartphone market, it has never shown any sign of
slowing down. After the heavy success of the OnePlus One Smartphone, the company has come up with two more
handsets – the OnePlus 2 and the OnePlus X. Amazon India gives you full freedom to own any of these three trend–
setting Smartphones ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A solid pane of jet black glass on the display creates that arresting look thus adding more drama to its build. Same is
the case with the OnePlus 2. You can select from two versions – the OnePlus 2 16GB and the OnePlus 2 64GB. Strong
and exceptionally lightweight, the OnePlus 2 has an eye–catching outer frame, meticulously crafted from resilient
alloy of aluminium and magnesium. The stainless steel accents seamlessly create a nice chemistry with the Corning
Gorilla Glass treatment done on the display. Coming to the recently launched OnePlus X, it's now available in three
exciting colours – ceramic, champagne and onyx. The elegantly designed handset is made from zirconia ceramic and
syncs well with your personality. A pure piece of modern aesthetics, it easily grabs all eyeballs effortlessly.
Pick Any of These Smartphones and Get Access to the Best of Specifications An all–round performer, the OnePlus
One is driven by a super–efficient Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 Quad Core processor that clocks at an impressive speed
of 2.5GHz. With an Adreno 330 GPU installed, the handset gives you the best gaming and visual experience ever. The
OnePlus One comes equipped with a massive 16 GB or 64GB internal memory, so you can store and carry your world
of music, movies and photos wherever you go. The OnePlus 2 Smartphone is propelled by an ultra–premium
Qualcomm Snapdragon 810 processor, built on a powerful 64–bit architecture. It houses 4GB RAM which

Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow
The television was create in the late 19th by Paul Julius Gottlieb Nipkow and Nipkow disk .This invention has for
goals to make profit but the most important goal was to change the world through visual and audio communication
technology.Since that invention, the shape and the functions of a TV had improved. When entering the technical
department of any supermarket, many people ask themselves if a LCD TV is better than a plasma TV .In order to
answer this question, we will compare the two products based on several similarities and contrasts. At the first look,
LCD and plasma TVs look the same. Plasma and LCD TV's are flat and thin, and both incorporate many of the same
features. Both TVs can be wall mounted, offer the internet and of course

Team Process Of A Team
Team Process: When becoming a part of a team, at the beginning of this semester, I never imagined how much
teamwork and communication was needed to get even an entry–level project done in a team. One of the best traits of
my team was our excellent use of coordination. Coordination helped us stay organized, as well as made each team
member more effective. We never missed a team meeting, and always completed our assigned work on time. The
Gantt chart we created towards the beginning of our project, helped each member stay organized, so no one member
took on a larger share of work than assigned to. As well as staying organized, we worked well as a team, and I believe
we all respected each others abilities to complete our own tasks. The reason we were able to function so well, was
because only the facilitator had the desire to lead. There were no power struggle and confrontations. There were never
conflicting ideas in the team, we all accepted what we had to do and let one person take charge. However, that doesn't
mean, we didn't put in a lot work. We worked hard to complete our project; it only shows that we were able to work
well, when given the task of turning design ideas into reality. As an engineer, you will not have total freedom of
concept, design and build. You might have one task, or many, but there could be many people working on a project and
you will have to build according to someone else 's specifications and design. To engage all team members, we made
sure

Crystals : What Are They
Crystals: What Are They The study of crystals is called crystallography. A crystal is a solid that is made up of the
numerous atoms or molecules being arranged in a specific repeating pattern. This ends up in the material having a
specific shape and color, and having other characteristic. Crystals may be big or little, but in a way they are the same
shape. If you take a look at the display of crystals in a lab. Salt and sugar are examples of crystals. Table salt has a
cube–shaped structure. Snow has a form of six–sided structure. Diamonds are an example of a crystal, they are made
of pure carbon. How are crystals grown?
Crystals grow in water or another liquid because it can only hold a certain amount of solute. When the temperature of
the solution is increased, hot water can dissolve more solid substances than cold water. This can happen because warm
water makes molecules move apart. This makes room for more solid substance to dissolve. When a solid can't be
dissolved anymore, the solution is said to be saturated. As this solution cools, the water molecules tighten up again and
there 's less room for the solution to hold onto the dissolved solid.
Crystals begin to form and build when water starts to let go of extra solute. This process is called recrystallization.
How do crystals form? If the compound is a solid when it is pure, there will be some force between these solute
molecules. Most of the time when these solute molecules meet. They will stay together for a

BASCOM_AVR: An IDE Based Development Platform
Overview: BASCOM–AVR is a IDE based development platform and is developed by MCS electronics. BASCOM
uses basic programming language. Basics: To write program with basic language for AVR, write program with the
given sentences– 1.$regfile–To specify the compiler to use the specified register file. $Regfile="name of file"
"Name_of_file" – It refers to the name of register file. The register files are stored in the BASCOM–AVR application
directory with .DAT extension. The register file holds information about the chip such as the internal registers and
interrupts addresses. Since we are using Atmega16 Microcontroller, we will define $regfile= "m16def.dat" " this file is
loaded for Atmel atmega16. 2 . $crystal – It defines the clock speed of microcontroller. Syntax $Crystal= Value Value
– A numeric constant defining the Frequency of the crystal. Example – $crystal = 4000000 „ it set the clock speed at
4MHz 3. Config– The CONFIG statement is used to configure the various hardware devices and other features of
microcontroller. We are required to configure the following hardware and features: a) LCD b) ADC c) Timer
(a)Configuring LCD : BASCOM allows us to configure LCD with ease. You can configure various types of LCDs
with BASCOM like 16*2, 16*4, 20*2, 20*4 OR 40*4 alphanumeric LCDs. The Lcd provided on Controller Board is
of size 16*2 i.e. 16 char in one line and total of 2 lines of display. Syntax for Configuring LCD: CONFIG LCD =
LCD_type LCD_type– It is

The Market For College Literature
The market for college literature has expanded over the past few decades. College students now have a choice in
buying their text books in form of E–Book, hypertext, or even in paper form. However, some believe that the different
types of presentation platforms differ in comprehension level. Jabr (2012) expressed concern for the comprehension of
electronic reading by using an example of a common YouTube video of a one–year old girl who seemed more
interested in the iPad than a paper book. The child expressed confusion when the paper book did not change pages
with the simple swipe of her fingers like the iPad's pages. For children, who grow up in a world where electronic
books may be more easily accessible to them at school than paper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some programs use up and down arrow keys, some use the scroll bar, others use a swipe of the finger. The effect of the
navigational procedure of scrolling, as Wästlund concluded, has negative implications on the mental workload
required to read the article due to the shifting of focus to the page movement. Another navigational problem with
electronic reading was discovered by Manger et al., (2013) who found that difficult tracking placement due to scroll
bar mechanics would negatively impact the reader's ability to focus on the reading. Manger also found that the ability
to task–switch between windows also made it difficult for participants to keep track of their previous reading
placement. The negative effect of task–switching was shown to also effect participants adjacent from the task–switcher
in Fried's conclusion (2008). The presence of a computer in the room can create a lot of distraction for those nearby
who may not be using an electronic device. Research has pointed to task–switching being a direct influence on the
negative performance to comprehension in electronic conditions (Fried, 2008; Manger et al. 2013; Bowman et al.
2010). Latency, the lagging or delay of a program's task, would also be a negative mechanic that overall threw off the
readers ability to navigate and read effectively. With latency while viewing the materials, participants find it difficult
to understand and stay

Sample Resume : Food Spoilage Detector
Food Spoilage Detector Ayush Varshney, Harshit Singhal, Ameer Faisal1 av.rockon7@gmail.com,
singhal592@gmail.com, ameerfaisal12@gmail.com Krishna Institute of Engineering and Technology, Muradnagar,
Ghaziabad I. INTRODUCTION Microbial spoilage is a major problem in bakery products since it can induce
nutritional losses, off–flavours, and formation of mycotoxins or potentially allergenic spores we have to store food
(like fruits, vegetables etc.) in cold storage for future use. If suitable environment (proper temperature, humidity etc) is
not maintained in the storage area, after some time due to growth of micro–organisms, chemical reactions and various
other factors, food get spoiled. Due to the presence of enzymes in food and growth of bacteria, some chemical changes
occur in food. Due to these chemical changes, some gases produce like Carbon dioxide (CO2), Ammonia (NH3),
Methane (CH4), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S). As the time passes, the decomposition goes ahead and the concentration of
these gases increases in the storage environment. By using different gas sensors, detection of concentration of these
gases in air can be done. By monitoring the concentration of these gases, we can estimate the quality of food kept in
store. This detector detects the amount of some specific gases present in the air of storage area in which food is stored
and alarms us about the changes in the ratios of these gases. II. LITERATURE REVIEW As time passes during the
storage of food, due to the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Arduino
Arduino Uno R3 is a microcontroller board. It has 14 digital input/output pins. 6 analogue inputs, a 16 MHz quartz
crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is much more user friendly to use.
When using an Arduino it simplifies a large amount of work that needs to be done in order to get a running system.The
Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as the circuitry to program and
communicate with the micro over USB. The input and output pins of the micro are placed in an order for easy access.
On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the micro easier. The simplest is to
control and read the input and output pins rather than having to play and spend much more time with the bus/bit. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This saves time of having to do my own PCB which will cost much more than an Arduino, or bread boarding.
Arduino is an open–source computer hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and
manufactures micro – based kits for building digital and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the
physical

Disadvantages Of LCD Panel Market
EFY Report Author Name – Mrinmoy Dey LCD display panel: What ails the manufacturing eco–system? A Frost &
Sullivan study titled 'Analysis of the Indian LCD Panel Market' dated back to 2009, highlighted the increasing demand
of LCD panels for domestic consumption and has conceded that keeping wide scope of application and high local
demand in perspective, time is ideal for LCD panel Manufacturing in India. The report noted, "Local demand, export
prospects, government initiatives, wide applications, and low set–up costs during the economic decline, favour LCD
panel manufacturers, making it an ideal time for LCD panel manufacturing in India." Six years have passed and many
of the factors that were favourable during that period have only progressed on a positive side. For example, the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So what could be the way out or to put it in another way – is there a way out? In a column in Financial Express titled
'Making Make–in–India happen', Arindam Bhattacharya, senior partner and director, Bruce Henderson Institute,
Boston Consulting Group opined that to attract global investments in some investment–intensive sectors like those in
the high–end of electronics value chain, India must offer package of incentives. The column noted, "Investment in the
investment–intensive high–end of the electronics value–chain is very lumpy, and made for a decade of future demand
or longer given the high investment intensity. And thus, they follow a cycle of large investment which takes a long
time to pay off as demand slowly catches up, and rates can vary from country to country." Therefore, it is important to
"approach to target these large 'anchor client' investors with specifically designed incentive package, which is based on
an in–depth understanding of the economics of the investment and the investment cycle for the

The Impact Of Digital Technology On Consumer Electronics,...
Abstract–With the rapid development of digital technology in consumer electronics, advertising and notification
system has greater importance. Earlier systems had the drawback that the notice board or systems that were to display
notice has been done manually. The idea proposed to this project is that using GSM technology so that the updates
could be made with mobile and check for the authority in the system. So updates to these notice boards could be made
through a simple SMS. The importance of notice in academic is well known to us but this system could be not only in
the school or educational but also for commercial purposes such as advertising or emergency notification system.
Keywords: GSM modem, AVR 328, visual basic 6.0, LCD Display.
I. Introduction
This is an embedded based project. An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software and perhaps other
mechanical parts designed to perform a specific function. A Notice Board is a very essential device in any
institution/organization or public utility place like bus stations, railway stations and parks. The big problem with these
displays is to carry a computer or special keyboard for generating and sending messages to LCD moving display board
dynamically. Carrying a host computer or special keyboard every time to generate message for LCD display boards is
big headache and also increase cost if it go for wireless based message sending. To make the
LCD display more portable, a GSM mobile phone is used

Why Do Sugar Crystalized
Student Design Experiment
By: Pamela Hernandez, Kaitlyn Stanley
Honors Biology
3rd period
2/9/15
I. Sugar Crystallization
II. Do sugar crystalize with different types of sugar. In this experiment we test different types of sugars like brown,
powdered, regular, and sweetener. We leave them to grow for 15 days and see what happens and why it happens. In
our results the regular sugar grew the most and was the only one that crystalized. The other sugars did not crystalize or
stick to the stick but did form a top crystalize coating on top of the glass cup.
III. Crystallization is the formation of sugar crystals in a sugar syrup. Crystallization is the natural or artificial process
of formation of solid crystals from a homogenous ("the same

How Does Olivine Affect The Concentration Of Iron Or Silica?
1. Olivine decreases the concentration of magnesium in the melt. It helps decrease the amount of iron in the melt as
well. On the graph of magnesium versus silica cation percentage the Magnesium amount decreases and the silica
percent increases in the melt when olivine starts forming. This creates a downward sloping line. This downward slope
is also true for the Iron versus silica graph. Plagioclase decreases sodium and potassium concentrations in the melt.
Both Plagioclase and Olivine decrease the amount of silica and oxygen in the melt. On the graph of silica versus
calcium it also shows a rapid downward trend just like olivine because they are both made up of compatible elements.
However, potassium has an upward trend versus silica because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a magma that is involving equilibrium crystallization only a few minerals if any are not interacting with the melt. In
a system with complete equilibrium fractionation the mineral modes would increase from 0% to 100% at the different
steps. In fractionalization crystallization, each step adds to 100% on it's own. For example, step two would not equal
75% Olivine and 25% Plagioclase because these minerals would interact with the two previously crystallized Olivines
as well as the melt. Therefore the percent of olivine and plagioclase would be completely different and would be a
percentage of the melt that was crystallized. If the whole melt became a rock, then you would have a step that
everything is equal to 100%, but you won't have any earlier step equal 100%. This then will change the types of rocks
formed and their IUGS

Lcds Lab Report
substrate layer on glass substrate and photonic crystals.
Micro–lens arrays (MLAs) or mesh pattern have also been tested by the researchers. Due to the addition of cylindrical
MLAs on substrate surface, the external quantum efficiency of the OLEDs has increased to ~
45%. Nano–scale Si3N4 layer has also been investigated on the substrate layer of OLEDs to increase the external
quantum efficiency up to 50%. Although the external quantum efficiency has increased significantly because of the
addition of micro/nano–structures in OLEDs, still there is scope the external quantum efficiency of the
OLEDs. In addition, it is a challenge to increase the distribution angle of light in the forward direction.
4. LCDs, LEDs v/s OLEDs:
The most basic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A high contrast ratio display will look more realistic than one with lower contrast ratio.
5. OLED Components:
OLED components include organic layers that are made of organic molecules or polymers.
Like an LED, an OLED is a solid–state semiconductor device that is 100 to 500 nanometers thick or about 200 times
smaller than a human hair. OLEDs can have either two layers or three layers of organic material. An OLED consists of
the following parts:
Substrate – The substrate supports the OLED. The materials used are clear plastic, glass, foil.
Anode (transparent) – The anode removes electrons
(adds electron "holes") when a current flows through the device. Organic layers – These layers are made
of organic molecules or polymers.
Conducting layer – This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode.
One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.
Emissive layer – This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that
transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is made. One polymer used in the emissive layer is
polyfluorene. Cathode – The cathode injects electrons when current flows through the device.
6. Working:
How do OLEDs Emit Light?
OLED light is created through a process called electrophosphorescence. OLEDs emit light in a similar
manner to LEDs, through a process called electrophosphorescence. The process is as

Synthesis And Characterisation Processes Of Pharmaceutical...
INTRODUCTION: The pharmaceutical industry has long been trying to improve the effectiveness of certain drugs it
would like to introduce and mass–produce. The concept behind many of these drugs is sound; however, they appear to
fall short when it comes to some of their chemical properties. These properties, including solubility, stability, intrinsic
dissolution and bioavailability, affect the extent to which the body can utilize the drug effectively, and it is thus vital
that drugs are developed to have a maximum effect on an individual after administration. This is where pharmaceutical
co–crystals are the potential key to advancing drastically the design of drugs by enhancing their bioavailability and
solubility. There has been a growing interest in the design of pharmaceutical co–crystals over the past decade and this
is only going to escalate as the focus is shifted to designing, synthesising and characterising better and more improved
crystalline structures. This report aims to examine and compare several methods in the design, synthesis and
characterisation processes of pharmaceutical co–crystals in addition to providing examples of the effectiveness of
these co–crystals in pharmaceutics.
WHAT ARE PHARMACEUTICAL CO–CRYSTALS?
It is important first to define a co–crystal, although there has been a large debate on what actually constitutes a co–
crystal.1 A co–crystal is, in essence, a "mixed crystal" or a crystal that contains two different molecules.2 It is a solid,

Describe How Several Ways Mineral Crystals Can Form
1. What is a mineral, as geologists understand the term? How is this definition different from the everyday usage of the
word?
To a geologist, a mineral is naturally occurring solid, formed by geologic processes that have a crystalline structure
and a definable chemical composition. Its internal structure characterized by an orderly arrangement of atoms, ions, or
molecules in a crystalline lattice. Almost all minerals are inorganic, for instance, sugar is an organic chemical in which
is made by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that it is not a mineral.
2. Why is glass not a mineral?
A glass isn't a mineral because crystalline structure in which the atoms make up a mineral aren't distributed randomly
and cannot move around easily, and the atoms in a glass aren't arranged in an orderly pattern. Moreover, both minerals
and glasses are solids, and they can retain their shape, but a mineral is crystalline ,and glass is not because the atoms,
ions, or molecules are the elements in a mineral are ordered into a crystal lattice, and glass doesn't has those elements
and disorderly arrange.
3. Describe the several ways that mineral crystals can form.
The mineral crystals can form in five ways. First, they can form by the solidification of a melt which the freezing of a
liquid, such as ice crystals are a type of mineral made by freezing water. Second, they ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The formation of LIPs associated with superplumes might have affected sea level, climate, and may have caused the
extinction of some species. Because when volcanic eruptions begin, the huge quantities of basaltic lava spew out of the
ground, the hot basaltic lava has low viscosity that can erupts the localities, and it can flow tens to hundreds of
kilometers across the

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