Column Oriented Databases Concepts And Applications

The Concepts Of Column Oriented Databases
Abstract: This documents explores the concepts of column–oriented databases including its
applications, advantages, and tools in which it is utilized. We describe how it differs from other
database structures, and why it has become popular in the area of data analytics.
Introduction
The ever–widening realm of big data has created an expanding frontier of exploration for the
creation of new methods of data analysis in order to produce actionable knowledge for the benefit of
organizations everywhere. Companies amass enormous troves of data every day. Keeping this data
housed in a fashion that maximizes storage efficiency and in a format optimized for query and
analysis is paramount for effective data warehousing. Many database structures exist for the storage,
arrangement, and accessing of data, but large databases and online analytical processing (OLAP)
benefit from specific qualities. In these databases, compression and rapid querying are the main
enabling qualities sought for analytical data stores and data warehouses. Columnar (or column–
oriented) relational databases (RDBMS) offer these and other benefits, which is why it is a popular
database scheme for analytical systems. Specifically, the vertical arrangement of records is optimal
for selecting the sum, average, or a count of total record attributes because one horizontal read
yields all values of an attribute. Otherwise, a physical disk must seek over and past unwanted
attributes of the records to provide the same
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Is The Applications Of Computers, Software, And...
Bioinformatics is the applications of computers, software, and mathematical models to the
management of biological information from large data sets. It is the storage and analysis of
biological information by the use of computers. Computers are used to gather, store, analyze, and
integrate information that can then be applied to gene–bases drug discovery and development. This
has become an essential part of biological research activity, and is rapidly becoming as ordinary in
biosciences as molecular biology has been since the 1980s. The science of Bioinformatics, which is
the melding of molecular biology with computer science, is essential to the use of genomic
information in understanding human diseases and in the identification of new molecular targets for
drug discovery (What is bioinformatics). The primary goal of bioinformatics is to increase the
understanding of biological processes. It is the "determination of the sequence of the entire human
genome (approximately three billion base pairs)" (What is bioinformatics). This is done so
differently from other approaches, however, due to its focus on developing and applying
computationally intensive techniques to achieve this goal. "With bioinformatics, scientists can
compare data from genetic material of a variety of living things, from tiny bacteria to large
organisms, such as humans (Bioinformatics, 2012). Bioinformatics has made it possible for
scientists to be able to analyze genomes and their functions.

A Study On Semi Automatic Dm Technique For Discovering...
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Introduction
The term DM was conceptualised as early as 1990s as a means of addressing the problem of
analysing the vast repositories of data that are available to mankind, and being added to
continuously. DM has been the oldest yet one of the interesting buzzwords. It involves defining
associations, or patterns, or frequent item sets, through the analysis of a given data set. Further–
more, the discovered knowledge should be valid, novel, useful, and understandable to the user.
Many organizations often underutilize their already existing databases not knowing that there is slot
of hidden information that requires to be discovered i.e. interesting patterns or knowledge from
these databases. DM disciplines revolve around statistics, artificial intelligence, and pattern
recognition. There are two main techniques in DM that is reporting and DM techniques. Our study
focuses on semi–automatic DM technique for discovering meaningful relationships from a given
data set. There is no hypothesis required to mine the data (Jans 09). The technique uses exploratory
analysis with no predetermined notions about what will constitute an ―interesting outcome
(Kantardzi 02).
Our research is to apply DM on a given data set extracted from data held in RMIS at JKUAT. The
literature review on the methodology used is presented in this chapter under Section 2.4. Before this
we have the definition of terms in DM given in section 2.2 defining data mining, concept of
knowledge

Case Based Reasoning
Introduction This paper is an article review of the scholarly article titled, "Databases, Data Mining
and Beyond" written by Shamsul Chowdhurry (2003). I will summarize the article. Then, a brief
comparison to an another article titled "Data mining issues and opportunities for building nursing
knowledge" written by Goodwin et al (2003). Article Review
"Databases, Data Mining and Beyond" is the title of the article by Shamsul Chowdhurry. Professor
Chowdhurry is a professor of Information Systems at Roosevelt University. The article focuses on
case based reasoning, data mining and databases and their uses and application in various industries.
First, let us define case based reasoning. Case based reasoning is a procedure to solve current
problems by adapting solutions from past problems and applying it to the current problem to be
solved. Case base database can be designed on case base reasoning. The structure of the database
would have four steps. The steps include: 1) retrieval of similar cases; 2) adaptation; 3) evaluation
and 4) update the case base. Each of the steps is a process that assists in the solving ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is data mining? Data mining is the deriving new information from massive amounts of data in
databases (Sauter, 2014, p. 148). Chowdhurry argues that data mining is part of KDD. KDD is
knowledge discovery in databases, it is a process that includes data mining. In addition to data
mining, KDD includes data preparation, modeling and evaluation of KDD. KDD is at the heart of
this research field. This research field is multidisciplinary and includes data visualization, machine
learning, database technology, expert systems and statistics. Overall, the use of a case based
reasoning and data mining tools within an information system would create a CBR system to solve
new problems with adapted solutions and could be used in many industries such as education and
healthcare (Chowdhurry,

Database Security Is Responsible Protecting The...
DATABASE SECURITY
University
Student
Executive Overview
This report looks into database security then compares database security tools that can be adopted
and implemented to solve database threats. The conclusions and recommendations made can enable
an organization choose an effective and efficient security tool to be in order to attain utmost security
of data, resources and information.
The research was conducted by accessing information from the internet, reading various books and
articles. This research notably conveyed a paradigm shift in database security threats due to their
sophistication and increase, hence increased need for implementation of watertight security
solutions. Database security is responsible protecting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is to ensure the integrity, privacy and availability of data and resources. Data is accorded
magnanimous importance in any organization hence the need for an IT security specialist and
security solutions to protect the data. Threats such as natural catastrophes, system malfunctions and
physical theft can bring massive losses to an organization. It is thus of utmost significance to
mitigate these threats by all means possible.
Information security is a broader realm to database security, network security and email security. All
these security issues leverage synergies to ameliorate system performance and curb security threats
to information (Nemati 2008). These security sectors complement each other to attain absolute
system protection and performance. Network security for example complements database security
by implementing firewalls and intrusion detection systems to safeguard databases. Before the
acquisition of any security solution, critical considerations and comparisons need to be done in order
to ensure the enterprise purchases the best security solution that will provide ultimate security.
The increase in database threats and risks has led to increased need to boost information security
especially database security. Some of these security risks and threats include:–
 Physical

An Analysis Of The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Big Six...
Comparison Summary
DBMS Server Comparison Supplement
An Analysis Of The Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Big Six Database Servers. In 1991 I
performed a thorough evaluation and comparison of the four major DBMSs at the time: Informix,
Ingres, Oracle, and Sybase. This comparison was done for a client building a huge distributed
database application, currently in its second phase of d evelopment, with the first phase running
successfully country–wide. At that stage, the distinguishing criteria were query optimizers, triggers,
views, and support for distributed databases. Some products had these features, but some others'
marketing per sonnel were just talking about them. For example, declarative integrity was a "future"
that was at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To explain further, I review a few of the features in this comparison supplement.
Relational Data Model
Although the DBMS products reviewed here can rightfully claim to be relational, their support of
the relational data model must be scrutinized closely. Obviously they all support the basic relational
concepts, such as data stored in tables and accessed b y high–level set operations, mostly through
SQL. However, not one of the Big Six supports domains. It is crucial that these products address this
fundamental concept of the relational data model. You must be able to define your domains and then
specify y our table columns, and preferably also your stored procedure variables and parameters, in
terms of the domains. This process is necessary to ensure tight type–checking, as you can do in
some programming languages. If a "small" (in terms of market share) product such as Interbase
could implement domains five years ago, surely the Big Six should be able to "get it right" today.
All of the Big Six can rightfully claim that they support declarative integrity constraints. Except for
domain constraints, they all support declarative key, column, and referential–integrity constraints.
But you must investigate these claims closely as well. Only Informix and Oracle support cascading
delete as a referential–integrity constraint violation option, and only DB2 supports the

The Student Digital Privacy And Parental Rights Act
Introduction Everyday businesses here at The Best Widget Incorporated involves working with
various types of data. The need to manage the data to ensure that it is accurate while also ensuring
that if follows and necessary laws is a requirement. To assist in ensuring all data is accurate and
properly collected the use of data capture system will need to be deployed.
Data management/customer privacy laws When it comes to data management the need to ensure that
all laws that pertain to customer privacy are followed. There are many different laws whether they
be federal, state or local laws to ensure that the data that is collected is protected. For example, H.R.
2092 the student digital privacy and parental rights act helps protect ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One possible solution would be to hold the data in a different table in the database to allow insure
that the data is protected from accidently being included with non student data. The data that is
collected needs to be managed differently as we as the need to provide parental access when
necessary and insure that we do not include it in any advertising promotion we may offer. The
financial services modernization act is geared towards financial institutions, if we offer any type of
financial servers here at The Best Widget Incorporated, we need to ensure that we understand all
laws dealing with the collection of said information. Under this act there are regulation on the
collection, how we intend to use the collected information, and the disclosure of the information to
anyone. Under this act we may be require to provide a notice of our privacy practices while also
ensuring the we follow any necessary disposal rules should the situation arise (Jolly, 2015). As with
any financial information collected we need to ensure that the customers information is kept safe
and secure and the information we gather follow the proper collection regulations. We need to
disclose to the customer the ways we intend to use the information, such as running credit checks or
opening lines of credit. Prior to the customer submitting any information we need to ensure that we
disclose this information.
Aspects of Data Management The

B1 Forensic Database Research Paper
Tre'von Hughley
Forensics–B1
Forensic Database Research Paper
There are many different methods of collecting,preserving, and using evidence of a crime scene. The
databases that collect,preserve, and use evidence include: IAFIS(Integrated Automated Fingerprint
Identification System),NIBIN(National Integrated Ballistic Information Network), and CODIS
database(Combined DNA Index System).
The IAFIS database came about in mid–1999." This national, computerized system for storing,
comparing, and exchanging fingerprint data in a digital format permits comparisons of fingerprints
in a faster and more accurate manner." This database is operated by Criminal Justice Information
Services(CIJS). Fingerprints are collected for the most part are collected

Data Mining
Chapter 1 Exercises
1. What is data mining? In your answer, address the following:
Data mining refers to the process or method that extracts or mines" interesting knowledge or
patterns from large amounts of data.
(a) Is it another hype?
Data mining is not another hype. Instead, the need for data mining has arisen due to the wide
availability of huge amounts of data and the imminent need for turning such data into useful
information and knowledge. Thus, data mining can be viewed as the result of the natural evolution
of information technology.
(b) Is it a simple transformation or application of technology developed from databases, statistics,
machine learning, and pattern recognition?
No. Data mining is more than a simple transformation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The resulting description could be a general comparative profile of the students such as 75% of the
students with high GPA's are fourth–year computing science students while 65% of the students
with low GPA's are not. * Association is the discovery of association rules showing attribute–value
conditions that occur frequently together in a given set of data. For example, a data mining system
may find association rules like major(X; "computing science") → owns(X; "personal computer")
[support = 12%; confidence = 98%] where X is a variable representing a student. The rule indicates
that of the students under study, 12% (support) major in computing science and own a personal
computer. There is a 98% probability (confidence, or certainty) that a student in this group owns a
personal computer. * Classification differs from prediction in that the former constructs a set of
models (or functions) that describe and distinguish data classes or concepts, whereas the latter builds
a model to predict some missing or unavailable, and often numerical, data values. Their similarity is
that they are both tools for prediction: Classification is used for predicting the class label of data
objects and prediction is typically used for predicting missing numerical data values. * Clustering
analyzes data objects without consulting a known class label. The objects are clustered or grouped
based on the principle of

Health Plan Survey Paper
The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Health Plan Survey is a
tool used to collect standardized information that analyzes the experience of enrollees' through
health plans and their services. The intent is to design a support system that assesses consumer's
performance with the health plans and it allows them to choose the plan that best suits their needs. It
was first launched in 1997 and has now become the national standard when it comes to both
determining and reporting the experiences of consumers through their health plan. Almost every
state conducts this form of standardization and sponsors within the U.S. include health plans, state
agencies who regulate health care, as well as federal agencies, such as the Department of Defense
and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
The health plans are also able to examine the information gathered in order to use it to their
advantage by identifying their weaknesses to target areas of improvement and building on their
strengths to ensure efficiency. The Health Plan Survey 5.0 version is an example of a standardized
measurement system used so that questionnaires, other optional ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, these surveys are a very significant aspect of care since consumers and patients are both
to have the best source of information. All the information retrieved is stored in CAHPS Database,
which is the repository of all the surveys. The Health Plan Survey Databases primary purpose is to
facilitate assessments made based on results from participants. The main benefit is that it is a
voluntary compilation of survey results that range from a large amount of data and narrows it to a
single database, so it can enable participants to compare their personal results with the overall
survey outcomes. In this case, the CAHPS Database intends on offering an important source of
quality as measured by CAHPS

Content Based Approach : A Slightly Different Implementation
2.2. Content Based Approach
A slightly different implementation is employed in content based approach, where the main idea, is
to compare the contents of the site, rather than URL. Content based approach is also known as
visual similarity based approach in which the contents like text, images and styles are compared
with the contents of original site and the similarity is evaluated. This process is lengthier and
consumes time because the entire content is compared, and then the decision is made.
Visual similarity [2] in the phishing web page is another issue which is hard to detect. So there must
be a unique way of phishing detection mainly considering the google page rank. The core idea
behind the process is to maintain a blacklist of URL's and whenever user enter a web page it checks
the URL with the URL's present in the database. If the URL wasn't present it will determine the
google page rank of web and calculate the heuristic value based on the rank. Finally it compares the
value with the threshold and then alerts the user if the value exceeds the threshold. The major
drawback of the system is time taken by the process to detect because of rank calculation. The
system works effectively because google page is updated very frequently and thus helps in effective
detection process.
Another visual similarity implementation is the one based on EMD (Earth Mover's Distance) [3].
EMD is a method that is used to measure the closeness between two signatures. To check the visual

MIS 563 COURSE PROJECT Essay
Table of Contents
Findings..................................................................... 2
Issues......................................................................... 2
Opportunities........................................................... 3
Recommendations.................................................. 3
Next Steps................................................................ 3
Project Schedule..................................................... 4
Database Design..................................................... 4
Data Modeling & Data Marts............................... 4
Database Selection................................................. 5
ETL Selection........................................................... 5
Data Mining............................................................ 6
Conclusions............................................................. 8
References.............................................................. 10
Findings:
ABC University has several departmental databases that perform specific functions for each
department. Within these databases are several items that can be considered cross functional data
among ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason why this is the way to go is that relational databases are limited in the number of
relationships that can be dug down and analyzed. Using a dimensional model will allow the use of
multi–dimensional cubes to be able to pull 3 or more dimensions back into a pivot table. An
example would be Sales by customer service rep by assigned sales territory. This provides a deeper
detail of data than you would be able to get out of a relational database. For each department of the
university, I propose a Data mart for each one. The reason why this is the case is so that every
department can manipulate their own data as they see fit with their own resources because it is on a
different server than another data mart typically. The look and feel of the Data Mart is up to that
department and does not bother the other departments Data Marts. Individual data marts can also
increase response time because there are not as many people hitting them all at one time. If a new
department were to pop up, data mart creation is very easy to do. Each record will be unique based
on the primary or composite keys of the table, and those keys could be surrogate keys such as using
AutoNumber like in Microsoft Access. Depending on the analysis of the data, it may be determined

that the ID numbers between student and teacher are unique and this can be the way to link items
together throughout the database. The

White Paper On NSQL: Not Only SQL
White Paper
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
JULY 2015
NOSQL–"NOT ONLY" SQL
Contents
ABSTRACT
................................................................................................................................................................
1
1. NoSQL–what does it mean
................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Types of NoSQL databases
................................................................................................................................. 1
2.1 Key–value Stores .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Document–based stores .............................................................................................................. 2
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NoSQL DBMSs advantages and Comparison to Relational DBMSs The reason why NoSQL has
been so popular the last few years is mainly because, when a relational database grows out of one
server, it is no longer that easy to use. In other words, they don't scale out very well in a distributed
system. All of the big sites that you mentioned Google, Yahoo, Facebook and Amazon (I don't know
much about Digg) have lots of data and store the data in distributed systems for several reasons. It
could be that the data doesn't fit on one server, or there are requirements for high availability. Here
is a table showing comparison and advantages of NoSQL over relational

Accounting Primer
[pic] ACC/537 Week One Topic One– University Tools 1 University Tools Primer The University
Tools Primer is designed to familiarize you with the myriad of tools provided by the University of
Phoenix to assist in your success. For example, did you know that the University of Phoenix Library
contains thousands of up–to–date journals, newspapers, industry reports, and research databases?
This University Tools Primer sends you on a search to answer 14 questions similar to the following
question: Access the University Library page by going to the Library tab in your student portal and
select the link for the University Library. On the lower right hand side, under the section titled
Library Services, there is a link called Read ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
a. Guidelines for Writing Academic Papers b. University of Phoenix Library Tutorial c. Sample Case
Study d. Grammar Guide 3. Out in the business world almost all projects are completed by some
type of team or collaborative group of individuals. At the University of Phoenix, you will gain
experience with project collaboration in a safe and supportive environment. These skills will carry
you through teamings and collaborations on future real world's projects where success may mean
more pay, a promotion, or another major reward or compensation. To assist in the areas involved in
teamwork and team building the University of Phoenix provides you with the Learning Team
Toolkit. This Learning Team Toolkit is your gateway to materials that will help you achieve greater
professional competence as a member and leader of work teams. Go to the Library tab in your
student portal and select the link, Read all Aspects of Teamwork located on the right side of the
webpage under Learning Team Toolkit. Then, under the category Toolkit Essentials, open the
Learning Team Handbook and select which Purpose for Learning Team Benefits is listed. a. Serve as
laboratories through which students develop into effective leaders and members of workplace teams.
a. Provide a sense of community and support that is invaluable in helping working adults cope with
the challenge of balancing

Assignment 3 Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses
August 29, 2015 Business Intelligence and Data Warehouses
Student's name:
Professor's name:
Course title:
1. Differences between the structures of a relational database optimized for online transactions
versus a data warehouse optimized for processing and summarizing large amounts of data
Data Warehouse is a database which is designed to process for query and analysis rather than for
transaction processing, and it is usually contains historical data derived from transaction data, but
can include data from other sources while relational database optimized for online transaction which
includes insertions, updates and deletion.
Basically Data Warehouse is defined as a subject–oriented, non–volatile and time –variant collection
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, these two data are very different form each other. Difference between these are as follows: *
Operational Database represent transaction while decision support data are snapshot of operational
data at a given point of time. * Both are different in transaction type and transaction volume. * The
degree of summarization in decision support data is very higher than operational data. * Decision
support data are characterized by very large amounts of data in comparison to operational data.
3. Three examples in which databases could be used to support decision making in a large
organizational environment
There are many example in which databases could be used to support decision making in a large
organizational environment. Some of these examples are as follows: * Support decision making
must be used large organizational environment. There is real time example of support decision
making techniques is Facebook. Facebook has central database server which is divided into many
small –2 database server. These sever will helps central server to process relative data and decisions
to get correct result and fast result. * It is also used some big organization which are globally
expand. It will used to help managers to get results with regions and then they can compared these
support data with other regions to make decision which one is productive. So, it will help manager
to take right decision on the basis facts. * It helps to make

The Pros And Cons Of DBMS Research And Recommendation
DBMS Research and Recommendation – Milestone
Anirudh Chinthamani
Database Management System (DBMS) Database Management System plays a vital role in most of
the real world applications that require storing and retrieving data. Database Management Systems
are the most reliable means to organize data. DBMS organizes data into collections from which data
can be searched or updated to. There are many different forms and types of DBMS products
available in the market each having their own pros and cons. The main DBMS products that are
available in today's market are Oracle 11g, Microsoft SQL Server 2012, IBM DB2 and MySQL 5.5.
DBMS for Westlake Research Hospital Westlake Research Hospital requires a database which is
more reliable, secure, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Microsoft SQL Server 2012:
SQL Server was originally developed in the 1980s at Sybase for UNIX systems and later ported to
Windows NT systems by Microsoft. Microsoft SQL Server has given a tough competition to other
RDBMS products in the market.
A brief analysis on SQL Server database:
SQL Server provides a collection of tools which helps in managing SQL Server development,
testing, tuning, querying and administration. The SQL Server Management Studio provides a
common platform for administering all services including SQL Server, Reporting Services etc.
SQL Server provides an integrated Query Editor with a simple graphical user interface for executing
SQL queries, formatting the queries and viewing results.
SQL Profiler is a powerful tool which allows database administrators to monitor the database
activity.
SQL Server supports additional SQL relational operators such as pivot, unpivot and apply.
SQL Server execution algorithms support both sort–based and hash–based processing.
Parallel execution in SQL Server feeds the data to multiple processes and also manages multiple
threads, partitions and broadcasts

Nt1330 Unit 7 Igm
Based on the comparison Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3, we identified following set of categories on
which we would like to evaluate the above tools and computing paradigm in subsequent sub–
sections: 4.1.1. Distributed Computation, Scalability and Parallel Computation As we can see from
the comparison tables, all computing tools provide these facilities. Hadoop distributes data as well
as computing via transferring it to various storage nodes. Also, it linearly scales by adding a number
of nodes to computing clusters but shows a single point failure. Cloudera Impala also quits
execution of the entire query if a single part of it stops. IBM Netezza and Apache Giraph whereas
does not have single point failure. In terms of parallel computation IBM Netezza is fastest due to
hardware built parallelism. 4.1.2. Real Time Query, Query Speed, Latency Time The Hadoop
employs MapReduce paradigm of computing which targets batch–job processing. It does not
directly support the real time query execution i.e OLTP. Hadoop can be integrated with Apache Hive
that supports HiveQL query language which supports query firing, but still not provide OLTP tasks
(such as updates and deletion at row level) and has late response time (in minutes) due to absence of
pipeline ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, since Clouera and Giraph perform in memory computation they do not require data input and
data output that saves a lot of processing cost involved in I/O. None of the tools require the ETL
(Extract, Transform and Load) service, thereby they save a major cost involved in data
preprocessing. Hadoop is highly fault tolerant that is achieved by maintaining multiple replicas of
data sets, and its architecture that facilitates dealing with frequent hardware malfunctions. Giraph
achieves fault tolerance using barrier checkpoints.

Bis 245 Week 8 Final Exam
BIS 245 Week 8 Final Exam
Purchase here
http://devrycourse.com/BIS%20245/bis–245–week–8–final–exam
Product Description
1. (TCO 1) To delete the filter shown below
(Points : 5) click Filter in the Sort & Filter group and select Clear Filter.
click Remove Filter in the Sort & Filter group.
right click on any number in the Quantity column and select Clear filter from Quantity.
right click on any record in the table and select Clear filter from Quantity.
2. (TCO 1) Which object would you use to retrieve customers who live in Germany and the United
States? (Points : 5)
Criteria
Form
Query
Table
3. (TCO 1) To design a report you should do all of the following EXCEPT (Points : 5) draw a paper
design of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
to manage and optimize the database.
8. (TCO 9) A good password should have (Points : 5) a combination of five letters.
a combination of six to eight letters in uppercase and lowercase, numbers, and symbols.
a word or name that is easy to remember by the user, such as the name of your children.
part of your account name.

9. (TCO 9) All of the following describe a certification authority EXCEPT (Points : 5) a certification
authority company provides a digital signature when a high level of security is needed to protect the
contents of a database.
a certification authority is a commercial company that is highly regulated in most countries.
a fee is charged for the service of issuing and validating identities using a digital signature.
certification authority companies establish their own rules and regulations that users must follow.
10. (TCO 10) To examine the efficiency and performance of an Access database, you should (Points
: 5) migrate the database out of Access and into a larger DBMS.
move the database to its own dedicated server.
redesign your database applying 3NF principles.
use the Performance Analyzer and Table Analyzer to optimize the performance of the database.
11. (TCO 4) Which statement below is NOT true of the one–to–many relationships?
(Points : 5) t is the least used type of relationship.
OrderID is a unique identification number that would be used in the Orders

Mssql vs Mysql
l Introduction An important aspect of database development is how to access your data using
standard protocols. Both MySql and MSSql Server do a good job of supporting all major protocols
for accessing their respective databases. MYsql and MSsql are the two Sql Servers that are
commonly used today by the programmers and other IT people. These two are the most popular
choices when considering a utility for data management. Both are efficient at keeping the data
organized and readily available through a user interface but they differ in many drastic areas. Both
are freely accessible for running small or big databases. Even they do have the same functionality;
the existence of differences of the two known Sql Servers will still be a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If, however, you plan to sell your software as a closed–source product, you 'll need to pick up a
commercial license, which cost very minimum for up to nine clients. Schools and nonprofits are
exempt from this commercial licensing requirement (TechRepublic.com).
Performance:
According to Sanders kaufman Jr., In terms of pure performance, MySQL is the leader, mostly due
to its default table format, MyISAM. MyISAM databases are very compact on disk and place little
demand on CPU cycles and memory. MySQL can run on Windows without complaint but performs
better on UNIX and UNIX–like systems. You can experience additional performance gains by using
MySQL on a 64–bit processor (e.g., one of those sweet SPARCstations), because MySQL uses an
abundance of 64–bit integers internally. The latest release of MySql 5.0 has seen further
improvements in engine performance, through compact mode support. InnoDB and NDB Cluster
uses 20 percent less space than it required in previous versions.
As It mentioned, with MySQL, you have a choice of table formats, but generally, these nondefault
choices exact a cost in increased resource usage over MyISAM. Typically, though, these alternative
table formats provide some additional functionality. For example, Berkeley DB supports
transactions and actually has better performance with indexed fields than MyISAM.
Still

The Barrie Public Library
The Barrie Public library offers several different forms of digital media to the general public such as
eBooks and audio books. Another form of digital media that can prove to be useful tool for many
different people is a form called online databases. An online line database can be defined as a
searchable collection of information. Each database can contain thousands of articles which can be
searched for quickly and easily. These databases include materials such as journals, newspapers,
magazines, repots, newsletters, and sometimes even books. Most library's carry some kind of online
database and these databases can be easily accessed by the patrons of this library by simply visiting
the library's website. However in the case of some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many databases that are available to libraries today. Many of these databases are capable
of providing services other than just research to a library's many different patrons. Some of these
databases can be used to help patrons who are looking to learn a new language. Mango Languages
for example is a online database which is designed to help patrons learn several different languages
with the use of multiple teaching tools. Mango Languages provides information on language
structure, vocabulary, and cultural insight. Mango Languages also offers pronunciation helpers,
several foreign films and voice comparison technology in order to further help patrons develop
proper pronunciation skills and a perfect accent. Some online databases can also provide services to
those who wish find jobs or build their careers. An example of one of these databases is one called
Career Cursing. Career Cursing is an online database and planning program that is designed to help,
engage, and inspire people of all age groups to achieve their full potential in school, their careers
and life. Those who use this online database will be given access to tools such as educational
options, job searches, information of hundreds of occupations including interviews, workplace
photos, sample career paths, colleges and universities, details on admissions, expenses, enrollment,
athletics, programs of study, and career matches which are based on the patrons interests an skills.
Online databases can also be used to provide services to those who wish to find materials such as
videos and music. For example the online database called Hoopla allows patrons to borrow movies,
music, audio books, eBooks, comics, and even TV shows that can be enjoyed on the patrons
computer or mobile device. These titles can be streamed immediately, or downloaded to be watched
later when the patron is

Ibjectages And Disadvantages Of A Relational Database...
A relational database management system is based on the relational model described by E.F. Codd.
Data is stored in tables, in the form of rows and columns and the relationhips between these tables is
also stored in the form of a table.
The tables, which contain data stored in rows and columns are made using SQL. Before storing data,
it is essential to identify relationships among them. This is done so using an Entity–Relationship
diagram which is a graphical representation that identifies relationships among the various tables.
Advantages
Authorization: RDBMS allows the database controller to allow and restrict features to specific
database users based on their accessibility level. This way confidential data can be accessed by only
authorized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Object–oriented database management system:
An object database is a database management system that incorporates all the important Object–
oriented concepts. These concepts include Abstract Data Types, Encapsulation, Inheritance,
Polymorphism among others.
Objects in an OODBMS consist of Attributes and Methods. Attributes are data that define traits of
an objects whereas Methods define the working of an object.
Advantages
Enriched modeling capabilities: The object–oriented data model allows the 'real world' to be
modeled more closely.
Code Reusability: The object–oriented features allow the high reusability of code. For example,
when a new object is created, it will inherit all the attributes and methods of the class of which it is
an object of, in addition to all the parent classes of that class.
Capable of handling a large variety of data types: OODBMS is capable of storing data having a
variety of data types such as pictures, video, text, numbers etc. which databases such as RDBMS are
incapable of

Similarities And Weaknesses Of Vulnerability Scanners
Comparison of Vulnerability Scanners
Introduction
With the advancements in information technology, the security concern of the users in the network is
increasing drastically. Various approaches have been adopted to protect respective network from un–
authorized users. New innovative methods have been presented in order to identify potential
discrepancies that can damage the network. Most commonly used approach for this purpose is
vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability can be defined as the potential flaws in the network that
make it prone to possible attack by un–authorized user. Assessment of these vulnerabilities provides
a way to identify as well as develop innovative strategies in order to protect the network. Numbers
of software ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accessing as well as eliminating the all vulnerabilities requires in depth understanding and sound
knowledge about them. It becomes essential to have basic idea behind the working of these
vulnerabilities like the way in which they appear in any system. One must be aware of the flaws
needed to be corrected in order to free the whole system from vulnerabilities, alternatives can also
be devised for this purpose and how to reduce the risk of them in a proactive manner [2]. Various
methods have been introduced for the identification of these vulnerabilities. Some of the methods
include attack graph generation, static analysis and vulnerability scanners. This work presents a
detailed study of the vulnerability scanners. It also analysis number of vulnerability scanners and
make comparison of them based on their identification abilities.
Vulnerability Scanners
A Vulnerability scanner can have access to a variety of vulnerabilities across complete information
systems including network systems, software applications, computers and operating systems. It must
be able to identify the vulnerabilities that could have originated from system administrator activities,
vendors or even everyday user activities. Possible examples of these vulnerabilities include software
bugs, web applications, insecure default configurations, lack of password protection or even failure
to run virus scanning

Principles Of Data Quality Management
Principles of Data Quality
There are many principles for the data quality that ensure the data quality for the data entered to a
database. The most significant principles for the data quality include:
1– The Vision
2– The Policy
3– The Strategy
4– The collector has primary responsibility
5– User responsibility
6– Consistency
7– Transparency
8– Outliers
The Vision
It is very important for the big organization to get a high vision for their data and its quality
especially when the same data will be shared with other organization, companies or users. In the
vision the managers should focus on the resources that will use to build the data like the software,
like the database software and its capabilities, and the hardware like the computers and the routers
and other hardware equipment.
The Policy
As well as the vision, the organization should have a policy to implement its vision for the database,
which make the organization think to improve their database to reach its vision. Policy help the
organization to be more obvious about its goals with focusing on reducing costs, improving data
quality, improving customer service and relations, and improving the decision–making process.
The Strategy
The organizations should have a good strategy to manage their database and data entry process.
Therefore, the organizations need to improve a strong strategy for capturing and checking data. The
good strategy must include some clear goals for the short, intermediate, and long terms, which

Insurance Policy Administration System: A Model for ACME
Insurance Policy Administration System: ACME Abstract ACME plans a system overhaul by
integrating their old system into a new system using OO Technology. Therefore, this paper
highlights a UML class model for ACME proposed system. In this regard, factual and usability
comparison between the UML class model and the entity relationship model is discussed. In
addition, the paper outlines a suitability comparison between the two models; thereafter, a model
meeting the Case Study's requirement is picked from the two contrasted models. System Model for
ACME Given the system upgrade initiated by ACME, it is proposed that the using a UML class
model is likely to help in designing the policy administration system. Unified Modeling Language
(UML) is a design tool usually useful in Object Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) and
encompasses a set of graphic notation techniques to create visual models of the system. The UML
class diagram is a vital database modeling technique showing the types of objects in the system and
various kinds of static relationships existing between them (Ambler, 2004). In the proposed model
for ACME, there are three important relationships that are highlighted; associations, where a
customer receives many quotations; subtypes, the sales representative is a kind of person and
aggregation which upholds that the quotation is part of the policy contract. For ACME, UML is
recommended since it is capable of representing two different views of a system model;

Knowledge Management and Decision Support System
Decision Support Systems 31 Ž2001. 127–137 www.elsevier.comrlocaterdsw
Knowledge management and data mining for marketing
Michael J. Shaw a,b,c,) , Chandrasekar Subramaniam a , Gek Woo Tan a , Michael E. Welge b c
Department of Business Administration, UniÕersity of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL,
USA National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), UniÕersity of Illinois at Urbana–
Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA Beckman Institute, UniÕersity of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign,
Room 2051, 405 N. Mathews AÕenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA b a
Abstract Due to the proliferation of information systems and technology, businesses increasingly
have the capability to accumulate huge amounts of customer data in large databases. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Developments in database processing w6,13,15,28x, data warehousing w16,18x, machine learning
w4,12,25x and knowledge management w2,14,24x have contributed greatly to our understanding of
the data mining process. More recent research on data mining and knowledge discovery w20,26,27x
has further enhanced our understanding of the application of data mining and the knowledge
discovery process. But, most research has focused on the theoretical and computational process of
pattern discovery and a narrow set of applications such as fraud detection or risk prediction. Given
the important role played by marketing decisions in the current customer–centric environment, there
is a need for a simple and integrated framework for a systematic management of customer
knowledge. But, there is a surprising lack of a simple and overall framework to link the extraction of
customer knowledge with the management and application of the knowledge, particularly in the
context of marketing decisions. While data mining studies have focused on the techniques, customer
relationship studies have focused on the interface to the customer and the strategies to manage
customer interactions. True customer relationship management is possible only by integrating the
knowledge discovery process with the management and use of the knowledge for marketing
strategies. This will help marketers address customer needs based on what the marketers know about

Potential Drug Targets with Information about Their...
TarFisDock (http://www.dddc.ac.cn/tarfisdock/) utilizes the PDTD [189,190] which holds 1100
Target entries covering 830 recognized and putative potential drug targets with information of their
biological function and disease relation. This program has been successfully applied for
identification of an enzymatic target for pathogenic strain of Helicobacter pylori from the natural
product N–trans–caffeoyltyramine. Further testing in bioassay revealed that this compound and its
derivatives have potent inhibitory action on the enzyme with IC50 values of 10.8 and 1.25 M,
respectively [191]. Another inverse docking approach developed by Greenpharma, namely "reverse
pharmacognosy" is analogous to INVDOCK and TarFisDock programs, but differs in the database
used for screening [192]. This method utilizes an in–house database of ethno–pharmacological data
for screening targets and associated diseases from individual compounds. Another alternative,
strategy utilized in identification of targets for phytochemical involves "the screening of query
compounds against pharmacophore models of PDB ligands". This strategy is much faster than
molecular docking in filtering out compounds that "are not direct mimics of the ligands from which
the pharmacophore model is generated". This method has been used first time for target fishing for
plant constituents of Ruta graveolens against a database containing 2208 pharmacophore models. In
this study, screening of sixteen bioactive principles of

The Pros And Cons Of Mitochondrial DNA
From what we gathered from our analysis of previous case studies, we have found that it is quite
well known that the likelihood of recovering mtDNA in small or degraded biological samples (Just
et al., 2004; Melton, Dimick, Higgins, Lindstrom, & Nelson. 2005) is greater than for nuclear DNA
because mtDNA molecules are present in hundreds to thousands of copies per cell compared to the
nuclear complement of two copies per cell. Therefore, muscle, bone, hair, skin, blood and other
body fluids (Morley et al., 1999; Gilbert, Janaway, Tobin, Cooper, & Wilson, 2006), even if
degraded by environmental impact or time, may provide enough material for profiling the mtDNA
position.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provides a valuable focus for forensic DNA typing in certain ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for limitations, since Mitochondrial DNA is only inherited maternally the research of
Mitochondrial DNA is only limited to that of maternal relatives DNA (Salas, Bandelt, Macaulay &
Richards, 2007, p. 10). The possibility of contamination is also a very probable threat that should be
consider during the analysis of mtDNA as well as the magnitude of degradation of the remains
found (Yao, Bravi, & Bandelt, 2004).
The identification of individuals has been partially limited by the lack of available and adequate
family members used for genetic comparisons . Further perseverance in the exhumation of other
intact graves as well as in the search of more alleged relatives is required in order to facilitate and
increase the number of genetic identifications (Miyamoto, Allard, Adkins, Janecek, & Honeycutt,
1994, p. 247). Because it is not possible to achieve the extremely high level of certainty of identity
provided by nuclear DNA, mtDNA typing has been said to be a test of exclusion, rather than one of
identification(Yang, Lee, Yang, & Shin,

Computerized Automated Secure System Used For Run...
Compijudge will ideally be an automated, secure system used to run programming contests on the
Internet. The system will consist of four types of users: an administrator, judges, teams, and the
public. The administrator will have privileges to create a programming contest, and initially register
individuals for a team and later for contests. Judges will have permissions to communication with
teams during a contest, and ensure to the completion of the automatic grading process for every
contest. Teams will have the privileges to register for contests, communicate with judges during a
contest, upload code file for judging, view basic information of other teams, see a scoreboard for
each, and register for contests by contacting the administrator via email. The final type of user, the
general public, will have permissions to view a scoreboard for each contest, basic team information,
historic contest scores, and initially register as a team by contacting an administrator via email. The
product will feature a sandboxed, automatic grading system in which team code files will be
securely ran within sandbox software, and the team's output will be stored for later file comparison
with the correct output file. Once the file comparison is complete, each team will be awarded a score
which will then be automatically displayed on the scoreboard at regular intervals. One cycle of
Compijudge will entail numerous steps to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the

Analysis Of Stanwick 's Auto Refurbishment
Abstract
Stanwick's Auto Refurbishment is an automotive repair and modification specialist based in South
Tyneside. Stan wick's Auto Refurbishment has been a paper based company however, due to recent
events they took the decision to become a computer based company. The business requires a strong
database which will have data of every job and customer they serve. Switching to a database will
allow Stan wick's Auto Refurbishment the storage and retrieval of large amounts of information. A
database system will overcome all the limitations of paper–based systems and e and offers several
other advantages. They require a database that will allow them to have information about the
customer's personal information as well as their vehicle information. A staff member will type this
information in the database then enters the repair that will need be carried out on the vehicle. The
database will calculate a price and the customer will be given a receipt and an estimated day of
completion.
Database for Stanwick's Auto Refurbishment
Stan wick's Auto Refurbishment requires a database that can store logs from every single customer
they will receive. They need to ensure finding specific customers information is easy and not time
consuming, as well as ensuring that all the information stored is correct. The database will include
information such as a customer's details, including personal and details about their car.
The advantages of turning from paper based to computer based are the

The Reliability Of Data Migration
Reliability of Data Migration Over many ago relational databases reside most of the data but after
the introduction of NoSQL database had changed this procedure. Most of the unstructured data had
been sent to NoSQL database. Relational database systems, which showed good performance before
the birth of internet and cloud computing era is now unable to control the heat of new technologies.
To stabilize this situation new requirements were set to design by RDBMS. To meet these challenges
they need highly scalable and unstructured data model with high performance; so they choose
NoSQL database (Muhammad Mughees, 2013).
Two components were suggested for the architecture which uses data tacking protocol. They were
"Local Conceptual Mapping ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This technology provides good results without normalization of data. The schema free approach of
NoSQL makes it easy to make changes dynamically. It is highly scalable and high availability of
NoSQL data model is beneficial in designing a tool for data migration from relational model to
NoSQL database.
The data cleansing process is suggested for data migration as it handles the business validation but
NoSQL database do not have any such concepts which handle business rules. The cleansing process
follows relational database constraints and normalization. This process is required when a data is
sent from heterogeneous environment with undefined data types in target location. As we all know
the migration of data means to move the exactly the same data from source to destination with
authentication. For this if we make NoSQL database meets certain requirements with some changes
in its model such as uniqueness of data then migration could be possible [6].
Thus, it seems data migration from relational database to NoSQL database seems difficult but not
impossible
Selecting the suitable NoSQL database
Many NoSQL databases were developed for their feasibility like couch DB, Mongo DB and many
others. So, it became challenging to choose one among them which meets all the requirements for
the feasibility of data migration. For selecting the NoSQL database we need to do a lot research on
the pros and cons of those, comparing

The Antibacterial And Antiseptic Impregnated Catheters
Methodology
Extraneous Variables
It is very important for the researcher to control the extraneous variable that could affect the study
results. The extraneous variables that would affect the results in this study include, the catheter
material, the catheter care, and the method of obtaining the urine sample. To control the catheter
material, this study will be using the antimicrobial and antiseptic–impregnated catheters instead of
the standard catheters as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
2009 guidelines because they are effective in reducing the risk of CAUTIs. To control the catheter
care, the study will follow the CDC guidelines for routine catheter care by ensuring that all the
indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) maintain a sealed drainage system, and an unobstructed urine
flow. In addition, the nursing staff will be cleansing the meatal area daily with warm soapy water
instead of antiseptics, while maintaining the standard precautions including hand hygiene and
wearing of gloves while performing peri–urethral care. To control the procedure for obtaining urine
sample, the study will use the CDC recommendation for collecting the urine sample aseptically, by
aspirating the urine from the sampling port with a sterile syringe after thoroughly cleansing the port
with an antiseptic wipe (Gould et al., n.d.).
Instruments
Choosing an instrument to measure study variables is a very crucial in research. If a researcher
chose to use an existing

Analysis: Data Warehouses and Business Intelligence
Data Warehouses and Business Intelligence Introduction Enterprise Data Warehouses (EDW) have
become the foundation of many enterprises' systems of record, serving as the catalyst of strategic
initiatives encompassing Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management
SCM) and the pervasive adoption of analytics and Business Intelligence (BI) throughout enterprises.
The role of databases continues to be an ancillary one, supporting the overall structural and data
integrity of the EDW and increasing its value to the overall enterprise (Phillips, 1997). The advances
made over the last decade in the areas of Extra, Transact & Load (ETL) have made it possible to
create EDW frameworks and platforms more efficiently, creating greater accuracy in overall
database and data warehouse performance as a result (Ballou, Tayi, 1999). The creation and use of
an EDW to further drive an organization to its objectives requires that the differences between
databases and data warehouses be defined, in addition to a clear, concise definition of just what data
warehouse technologies are. Finally, the relationship between data warehouses and business
intelligence (BI) including analytics needs analysis and validation. Each of these three areas are
discussed in this analysis. Defining the Differences Between Databases and Data Warehouses A
database is often very transaction–driven, with a specific time horizon of data that is captured and
analyzed in creating reports,

Comparing Endnote, Zotero And Mendeley Reference...
Abstract:
A personal bibliographic database which holds the information about each book, chapter, article, or
any other type of material which you have read or used as part of your study and research can be
built by a Reference management software. The user can download records for material which he
had read from online searches and can use the software to insert references into the Word
documents. According to the chosen style the software will format the citations and bibliography. In
this paper we are going to compare Endnote, Zotero and Mendeley reference management software's
based on their capability of generating accurate bibliographies and their features.
Introduction:
The method which used to demonstrate to your readers that you ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A reference manager allows you to perform the following
It allows you to search for a particular reference which you need to refer back. print or save a list of
references insert citations into your document automatically produce a bibliography in whatever
style you require
Import citations from bibliographic databases and websites
Allow annotation of citations
Allow sharing of the RM database or portions thereof with colleagues
Allow data interchange with other RM products through standard metadata. Work with word
processing software to facilitate in–text citation
Literature review:
After the development of the Reference Management Software (RMs) the research landscape has
witnessed a bigger change. People have moved from the PC revolution of the 1980s to the World
Wide Web and finally Web 2.0 (O 'Reilly 2005). The traditional RMs were developed for desktop
which required floppy disk and they had some major features that are available in present day RMs.
They exhibit features such as organizing references, storing references and creating bibliographies in
a variety of styles and also had a feature of word processing integration (Warling 1992). In today 's
world of open–source and Web 2.0 start–ups, there is a corresponding emergence of RMs that are
tailored to the demands of users with different needs and expectations. In today's world there is a
greater demand for the RMs. The platform where one author produces content for many has been

Migration of Database
Migration of Databases – An XML Approach
XML Database Migration is a project of migrating the existing databases into XML format.
Conversion of databases to XML file format, the databases like Ms–Access, Oracle and MS–SQL,
MySQL connects in the network or the oracle in the personal computer can be connected for the
generation of XML code. Let us consider, user runs a firm with three companies with different
database's respectively. User planned to mingle the entire database's of the firm in to a single
database. The user wants to migrate the entire database in to a single database. Migration of a
database to another database is a huge process and a complex one. In such case our project can be
used as we are converting the entire ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In web, database is widely used at present. The database occupies some part of memory in the server
and amount should be paid to maintain the database. The amount will depend upon the database
size, and also Access and Oracle database are platform dependent. XML is platform independent.
While using database, lot of problems will be arise like data corruption, huge memory spaces, and
unnecessary expenses for database security.
Now a days most of the websites stores data in backend storage device. The data are stored in Oracle
database or some other backend devices. These databases occupy some part of memory in the server.
The site owner should be paid some amount of money to maintain that database. The amount should
be vary depending upon the database size and also have a lot of problem to maintain the database.
This is unnecessary expenses and waste of memory spaces. To retrieve the data from the database is
very slow when we are browsing the site. These are the difficult arising to retrieve the database.
Drawbacks
There are lots of problems in the existing system. They are,
Data corruption will occur.
Requires huge memory space.
Unnecessary expenses for database security.
These databases occupy some part of memory in the server. The site owner should be paid some
amount of money to maintain that database. The amount should be vary depending upon the
database size and also have a lot of problem to maintain the

Evidence Based Healthcare Design
Much research for evidence has been proposed to examine how the built environment impact on the
experiences of hospital inpatient and staff. Although, the literature covers a wide variety of studies,
this review will focus on four main aspects which observed on several occasions through the
literature review. These four themes are: The significant of Evidence–Based Healthcare design,
Examine the effects of the architectural environment specified by a study (Lawson& Phiri 2003),
and The development of design tools for evidence–based healthcare design. These themes are
presented in literature in a variety of contexts, as an interior architect student, I will mainly focus on
their application to internal environments. The significant of Evidence–Based

Identifying The Identification Of The Gene Sequences And...
1A. What is your chosen innovation and its intended purpose (i.e. the problem it solved, the
opportunities it created, etc.)? My chosen innovation is DNA sequence searching which involves the
identification of the gene sequences and determining and mapping genetic material (i.e. nucleotides,
chemical base pairs) in the genome. This innovation is interconnected with the field of
bioinformatics which ties computer science and software development with biological research and
data. The computing aspect of this development is the algorithms and software used to develop the
technology that compares various genetic sequences – BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)
is one of the most prominent software programs used for genetic sequence comparison and
identification. The BLAST algorithms used in the computer software that analyze data sequences is
intended to identify the billions of base chemical units that comprise an unknown organism 's
genetic structure. This facilitates species identification as well as the detection of mutation and
variants among genetic materials and therefore the identification of diseases and determination of
appropriate and effective treatment. Effects and Impacts: 1B.What is a benefit and any harmful
effects of the innovation you explored? For example, are there any security concerns or the social
implications of your innovation? The computing component of sequences searching has increased
the pace of the research as comparison of genetic

Business Intelligence and Technology
Introduction
In modern business, vast amounts of data are accumulated, which makes the decision–making
process complicated. It is a major mutual concern for all business and IT sector companies to change
the existing situation of "mass data, poor knowledge" and support better business decision–making
and help enterprises increase profits and market share. Business intelligence technologies have
emerged at such challenging times. Business today has compelled the enterprises to run different but
coexisting information systems.
ETL plays an important role in BI project today. ETL stands for extraction, transformation and
loading.
ETL is a process that involves the following tasks: Extracting data from source operational or
archive systems which are the primary source of data for the data warehouse; transforming the data
– which may involve cleaning, filtering, validating and applying business rules; loading the data into
a data warehouse or any other database or application that houses data.
ETL Tools provide facility to extract data from different non–coherent systems, transform (cleanse
& merge it) and load into target systems. The main goal of maintaining an ETL process in an
organization is to migrate and transform data from the source OLTP systems to feed a data
warehouse and form data marts. ETL process is the basis of BI and it is a prime decisive factor for
success or failure of BI.
Today, the organization has a wide variety of ETL tools to choose from market.

Schema Integration Essay
In literature there exist several definitions of Schema:
"Schema integration is the process of merging autonomously developed DB schema into a unified,
global schema to provide transparency through a unified view" [73].
"Schema integration is the process of identifying the components of a database which are related to
one another, selecting the best representation for the global conceptual schema, and finally,
integrating the components of each intermediate schema" [74].
12.2. Why is Schema Integration Required?
With respect to the web warehouse, schema integration is one of its important perspectives. There
are heterogeneous sources of data in World Wide Web which vary in their schema configuration.
Schemas from different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pre–integration
An analysis of local schemata is carried out. The analysis made governs the choice of schemas to be
integrated and the order of integration. A number of schemas to be integrated at a time and the
amount of designer interaction are also decided in this step [81].
12.4.2. Schema Comparison/Matching
This step involves identifying and analyzing inter–schema relationships by determining the
correspondences between the schemas. Possible conflicts are also detected in this phase.
12.4.3. Schema Conforming
In order to integrate schemas, the detected conflicts between them have to be resolved so that it was
possible to merge them [81]. It implies modification of one or both schemas that will be integrated
until each phenomenon in the Universe of the Discourse (UoD) reflects the same form in both
schemas.
12.4.4. Schema Merging
Schema merging results into a single global integrated schema by superimposing the local schemas.

12.5. Conflicts in Schema Integration
Schema integration process may face certain conflicts. The system undergoing the integration
process must be able to identify the arise conflicts. Some of the schema integrations conflicts are
explained below:
12.5.1. Naming Conflict
Different databases use different naming conventions. Naming conflicts occur due to the use of
different names for the same attribute like

The Best Tool For Industry Practice
Forth Iteration: Identify and Recommend the best tool for Industry practice Planning Phase After
successful completion of third iteration author is planning to compare SSIS, Informatica power
center and Oracle warehouse builder ETL tools for comparing effectiveness and features as per
industry requirements in IT projects. For this I will interact with same IT consultants to know how
each ETL tool is different than other. Understanding importance of my action research, this time I
will conduct group discussion between author, Krimish Shah (Technology Lead at AstraZeneca),
Neha Chhabra (An ETL developer at Infosys) and Ananda Krishnan (Project specialist at Cognizant)
through skype. For that I will invite all experts and confirm timing based ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Various alternatives to load huge amount of data without ETL tool Which type of skillset needed to
work in organization as an ETL developer? Author will explore from Microsoft, Informatica and
Oracle websites for more enhancements of the features. Spending quality time for this session will
help author to make flawless comparison on ETL tool. Action Phase The second phase aimed at
accomplishing activities outlined in the planning phase. Initially during this phase author did
research through Microsoft, Informatica and Oracle websites for the comparison perspective of
ETL. Based on research author noted below points before meeting and discussed with experts
regarding the comparison of ETL tool: Design, development and data governance support Run time
platform support Data transformation and data delivery capabilities Data sources and target
environment support Error handling workflow Pricing and License model Data validations
Configuration setting Handling run time alerts Author communicated with all experts and invites
them for the group discussion for their input on action research. All experts have confirmed their
timing and meeting was fixed for April 6th 2016. Session was continued for duration of an hour with
experts. All IT consultants have shared their views and opinion based on their industry experience
on ETL tools they are using. They have discussed about challenges, solutions, strong

Column Oriented Databases Concepts And Applications

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Column Oriented Databases Concepts And Applications

Similar to Column Oriented Databases Concepts And Applications (19)

More from Laura Arrigo

More from Laura Arrigo (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Column Oriented Databases Concepts And Applications